IRRIGATION PROJECTS IN PAKISTAN

NAME OF PROJECT LOCATION

1. TARBELA DAM River Indus

2. MANGLA DAM River Jhelum

3. WARSAK DAM River Kabul near Peshawar

Multipurpose Project
SILTATION IN RESERVOIRS
 Causes
Abundance of slit eroded from the Blockage of canals due to slit
Karakoram, Hindu Kush and
Himalayan mountains.
Deforestation-ruthless cutting of
trees for fuel and timber
Rivers from narrow and deep
valleys in the mountain areas.
Most of the eroded material is
washed down into the plains and
piles up in the reservoirs of the
dams.
Effects
accumulation.
Weakens the foundation of the
dams.
Choking of irrigation canals.
Reduced capacity of reservoir and
less flow of water affects the
generation of hydro-electric
power. It also results in availability
of less water for irrigation
purposes.
Control
Large scale afforestation especially on
the foot scale of Himalayas.
Cemented embankment of canals to
make cleaning easier.
Installation of slit trap before the water
flows to the dams.
Regulating the flow of water such as
operating the reservoir at lower level
during flood and allowing free flow
during low flow season for sluicing
sediments form the reservoir.

Flow of floodwater is hampered Raising height of the dam to increase the

which may cause heavy damage to capacity of the reservoir.
the dam because mounds of silt
which block the flow of water.
 BARRAGES

GUDDU BARRAGE KOTRI BARRAGE

•Barrages in Pakistan are very long structures
used for irrigation and flood control.

•Barrages can be constructed in flat areas

unlike dams and in significantly less cost.

•Barrages encourage human settlements and

commercial and industrial activities.
 BARRAGES IN PAKISTAN
NAME OF BARRAGE LOCATION

1. Marala Barrage River Chenab

2. Rasul Barrage River Jhelum

3. Qadirabad Barrage River Chenab

WATER LOGGING AND SALINITY
•Water logging and salinity are two of the
outcomes of canal irrigation in Pakistan.

•The rise of water table to the surface level is

called Water Logging.

•The appearance of salty patches is called

Salinity.
 Solutions To Water Logging And Salinity
• Lining of canals (to control seepage of water)

• Canal closure ( so that water passes through only when needed for
irrigation purposes)

• Installing tube wells ( to lower the water-table and to provide extra

water to flush out salts from the soil)

• Planting eucalyptus trees (to absorb excessive water from the water-
table through their roots)

• Surface drain ( to divert surface water to near by river or lake)

 SCARP PROGRAMME

SALINITY
CONTROL
AND
RECLAMATION
PROJECT
SURFACE WATER POLLUTION
 WATER AS A RESOURCE FOR ECOMONIC
DEVELOPMENT
• Agriculture is the main income generating sector in
Pakistan that depends on water.

• Water is used in many processing and manufacturing

industries such as steel, thermal power stations,
cotton textile etc.

• Domestic supplies of clean water are essential for the

survival of population.
CLIMATE CHANGE AND WATER SHORTAGE
IN PAKISTAN
 WATER SUPPLY
ISSUES LEADING TO
CONFLICTS
 INTERNATIONAL

• IMPACT OF INDUS WATER TREATY IN 1960

• VIOLATION OF INDUS WATER TREATY BY

INDIA
 PROVIENCIAL

• PUNJAB AND KHYBER PAKHTUNKHWA

• SINDH AND PUNJAB
 USERS

• AGRICULTURE
• INDUSTRY
• DOMESTIC AND OTHER USES
 Water users in Pakistan

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Agriculture Industry Domestic and others