3 Phase Induction Motor

Construction
At the end of this section you will be able to:
 Identify the basic components of a 3Ø
induction motor
 List the types of rotors used
 Test motor windings for suitability to connect
to the supply
 Connect in both star and delta
 List the steps for dismantling it
 3Ø Induction Motors
Why are they so common in industry?
 Simple in construction
 Only one moving part
 Don’t have brush gear and commutators
 Now with VSD technology, Variable speed
 Speed of machine fixed to supply frequency
 Construction

Fixed Stator
Rotor (The bit that Rotates)
(stationary)
 Construction
Iron
Frame can be made from cast
Steel
Aluminium

End caps/shields bolted to each end of frame

 Drip Proof
Designed for air flow into motor
Not waterproof
Not suitable for flame proof atmospheres
 Totally Enclosed
 No airflow between motor inside and outside atmosphere
 Waterproof
 Easier to adapt to for flame proof atmospheres
 Open
Designed for air flow into motor
Not waterproof
Very rare due to OH&S considerations
 Core Laminations
 Carries the stator windings
 Made of silicone steel 0.3 to 0.5mm thick
 Insulated from one another to reduce eddy current
loss
 Stator windings
 3 identical phase windings that are displaced by 120°
electrical around the stator
 Each winding consists of series, parallel connected
coils to achieve the number of poles required.
 2, 4, 6, & 8 poles per phase are common
 Windings are generally connected in delta but can be
connected in star
 Rotors
Wound rotor Two Main Types
(not common)
Squirrel cage
(most common)
Squirrel Cage Rotor
 Squirrel Cage Rotor
Rotor bars (slightly skewed)

Can be Cast

• Aluminium
• Copper End ring
• Copper alloy

Copper/Copper alloy bars inserted into the

laminations and welded/brazed to shorting ring
 Wound Rotor
Slip ring
 Same number of poles as stator.
 One end of coil is connected to a star point
 Other end is terminated on a slip ring
 Resistance is added to change the mechanical and
electrical characteristics of motor.
Motor Terminals
Motor Terminals
Motor Terminals

U1 V1 W1

V2 W2 U2
Motor Terminals

U1 V1 W1

V2 W2 U2
Motor Terminals

U1 V1 W1

To Make
Star
V2 W2 U2

Connection
Motor Terminals

U1 V1 W1

To Make
Delta
V2 W2 U2

Connection
 Electrical Testing
 Each winding should have the same
resistance
 ie 1-10
 Voltage between windings =400V
 Insulation test level =1000V
 IR reading no less than 1M