CSE-420: Cloud

Computing

Devashish Kumar
About Course Marking

Major Test - 75

Minor Test - 25
Case Statement

ABC is among one of the reputative IT company.It is planning to expand

globally and targeting through numerous offices in multiple countries.
ABC current working employees is in thousands which operates over
hundreds of cities. ABC is able to manage global projects from potential
customers. The company aims to move cloud to handle their business
and drastically increasing their customer base.

Analyse and suggest if company should adopt Cloud or not.

Basic Expenses(CAPEX) + (OPEX)

CAPEX OPEX

● Servers(multiple) ● Employees
● Routers ● Infrastructure
● Switches (building and
● Cables furniture)
● Gateway ● Costing(Electricity +
● Firewall Miscellaneous)
● etc...
What is Computing Paradigm?

Computing: Dictionary

● the activity of using computers and writing programs for them

● The study of computers and their implications

Paradigm:

● A model or example that shows how something works

Computing Paradigm Trends

● Grid Computing

● Cluster Computing

● Distributed Computing

● Utility Computing

● Cloud Computing
Why Cloud Computing?
Cloud Computing

Cloud computing is a model for enabling

● ubiquitous,
● convenient,
● on-demand network access to a shared pool of configurable computing resources (e.g.,
networks, servers, storage, applications, and services) that can be
● rapidly provisioned and
● released with minimal management effort or service provider interaction.
Cloud Characteristics

● On-demand self-service

● Broad network access

● Resource pooling

● Rapid elasticity

● Measured service
Service Models

● SaaS: Software as a Service

● IaaS: Infrastructure as a Service

● PaaS: Platform as a Service

Deployment Models

● Public cloud

● Private cloud

● Community Cloud

● Hybrid Cloud
Pros and Cons of Cloud Computing
Cloud Service Providers

● Rackspace
● Amazon Web Service (AWS)
● Red Hat
● Microsoft Azure
● Salesforce
● Google Cloud Platform
● Oracle Cloud
● IBM Cloud Services
● SAP
● Alibaba Cloud
● Verizon Cloud
● Adobe Creative Cloud
● Navisite
● Kamatera
● Dropbox
● VMware
GRID Computing

● subset of distributed computing

● network of computers working together to perform a task that would rather be difficult for a single
machine.

● All machines on that network work under the same protocol

● Computers on the network contribute resources like processing power and storage capacity to the
network.

● The concept of grid computing isn’t new, but it is not yet perfected as there are no standard rules
and protocols established and accepted by people.
GRID Computing

A Grid computing network mainly consists of these three types of machines

Control Node:

A computer, usually a server or a group of servers which administers the whole network and keeps the
account of the resources in the network pool.

Provider:

The computer which contributes it’s resources in the network resource pool.

User:

The computer that uses the resources on the network.

GRID Computing-3

● Computer makes a request for resources to the control node, ----> control node gives
the user access to the resources available on the network.
● When it is not in use it should ideally contribute it’s resources to the network.
● Hence a normal computer on the node can swing in between being a user or a provider
based on it’s needs.
● The nodes may consist of machines with similar platforms using same OS called
homogenous networks, else machines with different platforms running on various
different OS called heterogenous networks.
GRID Computing-3

● Computer makes a request for resources to the control node, ----> control node gives
the user access to the resources available on the network.
● When it is not in use it should ideally contribute it’s resources to the network.
● Hence a normal computer on the node can swing in between being a user or a provider
based on it’s needs.
● The nodes may consist of machines with similar platforms using same OS called
homogenous networks, else machines with different platforms running on various
different OS called heterogenous networks.This is the distinguishing part of grid
computing from other distributed computing architectures.
GRID Computing-4

● Computer makes a request for resources to the control node, ----> control node gives
the user access to the resources available on the network.
● When it is not in use it should ideally contribute it’s resources to the network.
● Hence a normal computer on the node can swing in between being a user or a provider
based on it’s needs.
● The nodes may consist of machines with similar platforms using same OS called
homogenous networks, else machines with different platforms running on various
different OS called heterogenous networks.This is the distinguishing part of grid
computing from other distributed computing architectures.
Cloud Computing Stack

● Computer makes a request for resources to the control node, ----> control node gives
the user access to the resources available on the network.
● When it is not in use it should ideally contribute it’s resources to the network.
● Hence a normal computer on the node can swing in between being a user or a provider
based on it’s needs.
● The nodes may consist of machines with similar platforms using same OS called
homogenous networks, else machines with different platforms running on various
different OS called heterogenous networks.This is the distinguishing part of grid
computing from other distributed computing architectures.
 ● Cloud Computing Architecture
Vs Traditional Computing
Architecture(Client/Server
Model)
● How Cloud Computing Works
● Role of Network
UNIT - II ● Protocols used
● Role of Web Services
● Service Models(XaaS)
○ IaaS, PaaS, SaaS
● Deployment Models
○ Public, Private,Hybrid, Community
Service Models
Software as a Service

● SaaS was introduced to the business world by the Salesforce Customer Relationship
Management (CRM) product.
● CRM remains the most popular SaaS application area, but
○ email,
○ financial management,
○ customer service, and
○ expense management have also become popular SaaS applications.
● SaaS Examples:
○ BigCommerce,
○ Google Apps,
○ Salesforce,
○ Dropbox, MailChimp, ZenDesk, DocuSign, Slack, Hubspot.
Software as a Service- Why???
● Software as a Service provides you with a
○ completed product that is run and managed by the service provider.
○ In most cases, people refer to Software as a Service as end-user applications.
○ With a SaaS offering you
■ do not have to think about how the service is maintained or how the
underlying infrastructure is managed;
■ you only need to think about how you will use that particular piece software.

A common example of a SaaS application is web-based email where you can send and
receive email without having to manage feature additions to the email product or
maintaining the servers and operating systems that the email program is running on.
Software as a Service -1
● Software as a service (SaaS) is defined as software that is deployed over the Internet.
● A provider licenses a SaaS application to customers as an on-demand service, either
through a subscription, through a pay-as-you-go model, or at no charge, when there is
opportunity to generate revenue from streams other than the user, such as from
advertisement.
● SaaS offers internet access to commercial software and it managed from a central point.
● It is software that is offered through a “one-to-many” model and users do not have to be
worried about patches and software upgrades.
 Software as a Service -Characteristics

● Web access to commercial software

● Software managed from a central location
● Software delivered in a “one to many” model
● Users not required to handle software upgrades and patches
● Application Programming Interfaces (APIs) allow for integration between different pieces
of software

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Software as a Service - When to use?
● Standard offerings in which the solution is largely undifferentiated
○ For example: email.
● Applications in which there is significant interplay between the organization and
the outside world
○ for example: email, newsletter, campaign software.
● Applications that have a significant need for web or mobile access
○ for example: mobile sales management software.
● Software that is used only for a short term need
○ for example: collaboration software for a specific project.
● Software for which demand spikes significantly
○ for example, tax or billing software used once a month.
Software as a Service - When not to use?

● Applications in which extremely fast processing of real-time data is required

● Applications for which legislation or other regulation does not permit data being
hosted externally
● Applications for which an existing on-premises solution fulfills all of the
organization’s needs
Platform as a Service- Why???

● Platforms as a service remove the need for organizations to

○ manage the underlying infrastructure (usually hardware and operating systems) and
○ allow you to focus on the deployment and management of your applications.
○ This helps you be more efficient as you don’t need to worry about resource
procurement, capacity planning, software maintenance, patching, or any of the other
undifferentiated heavy lifting involved in running your application.
Platform as a Service
● PaaS can be defined as a computing platform that enables the quick and easy creation of
web applications without the necessity of buying and maintaining the software and
infrastructure underneath it.
● PaaS is similar to SaaS except that, rather than being software delivered over the web, it
is a platform for the creation of software, delivered over the web.
● The ability to automate processes, use predefined components and building blocks, and
deploy automatically to production provides sufficient value to make PaaS highly
attractive.
● SaaS Examples:
○ BigCommerce, AWS Lambda, Heroku Platform, AWS Elastic Beanstalk, IBM Cloud
Kubernetes Service, Microsoft Azure, OpenShift, Workday Cloud Platform, and
Salesforce Lightning Platform (formerly Salesforce App Cloud).
Platform as a Service -Characteristics
● Services to
○ develop,
○ test,
○ deploy,
○ host, and
○ maintain applications in the same integrated development environment; that is, all
the various services needed to fulfil the application development process
● Web-based user interface creation tools used to create, modify, test, and deploy different
UI scenarios
Platform as a Service -Characteristics-2

● Multitenant architecture in which multiple concurrent users use the same development
application
● Built-in scalability of deployed software, including load balancing and failover
● Integration with web services and databases via common standards
● Support for development team collaboration (some PaaS solutions include project
planning and communication tools)
● Tools to handle billing and subscription management
Platform as a Service - When to use?
● PaaS is especially useful when
○ multiple developers are working on a development project or
○ when other external parties need to interact with the development process.
○ PaaS is proving invaluable for those who have an existing data source (for
example, sales information from a customer relationship management tool) and
want to create applications that leverage that data.
○ PaaS is also useful when developers want to automate testing and deployment
services.
● The popularity of agile software development will also increase the adoption of PaaS
because it eases the difficulties around rapid development and iteration of
software.
Platform as a Service - When not to use?

● The application needs to be highly portable in terms of where it is hosted.

● Proprietary languages or approaches would impact the development process.

● A proprietary language would hinder later moves to another provider (concerns about

vendor lock-in).

● Application performance requires customization of the underlying hardware and

software.
Platform as a Service Vs Infrastructure as a
Service
● PaaS, while similar in many ways to Infrastructure as a Service (IaaS), is differentiated
from IaaS by the addition of value-added services and comes in two distinct flavors:
● A collaborative platform for software development, focused on workflow management
regardless of the data source being used for the application. For example, Heroku is a
PaaS that uses the Ruby on Rails development language.
● A platform that allows for the creation of software using proprietary data from an
application. This sort of PaaS creates applications with a common data form or type. The
Force.com PaaS from Salesforce.com, which is used almost exclusively to develop
applications that work with the Salesforce.com CRM, exemplifies PaaS.
Infrastructure as a Service- Why???

● Infrastructure as a Service, sometimes abbreviated as IaaS, contains

○ the basic building blocks for cloud IT and
○ typically provide access to networking features, computers (virtual or on dedicated
hardware), and data storage space.

Infrastructure as a Service provides you with the highest level of flexibility and
management control over your IT resources and is most similar to existing IT resources
that many IT departments and developers are familiar with today.
Infrastructure as a Service

● Infrastructure as a service (IaaS) provides

○ a way of delivering cloud computing infrastructure—servers, storage, network, and

operating systems—as an on-demand service.

○ Rather than purchasing servers, software, data-center space, or network equipment,

clients instead buy those resources as a fully outsourced on-demand service.

IaaS examples: AWS EC2, Rackspace, Google Compute Engine (GCE),

Digital Ocean, Magento 1 Enterprise Edition*.

Infrastructure as a Service
● Infrastructure as a service (IaaS) provides

● IaaS can be obtained as public or private infrastructure, or a combination of the two.

○ Public cloud is considered infrastructure that consists of shared resources, deployed

on a self-service basis over the Internet.

○ Private cloud is infrastructure that emulates some of the cloud computing features,

like virtualization, but does so on a private network.

○ Some hosting providers offer a hybrid cloud - a combination of traditional dedicated

hosting alongside public cloud networks, private cloud networks, or both.

Infrastructure as a Service -Characteristics

● Resources distributed as a service

● Allows for dynamic scaling

● Has a variable cost, utility pricing model

● Generally includes multiple users on a single piece of hardware

Infrastructure as a Service - When to use?

● When demand is volatile—that is, any time there are significant spikes and troughs of
demand on the infrastructure
● For new organizations with no capital to invest in hardware
● When the organization is growing rapidly and scaling hardware would be problematic
● When there is pressure on the organization to limit capital expenditure and to move to
operating expenditure
● For specific line of business, trial, or temporary infrastructure needs
Infrastructure as a Service - When not to
use?

● Regulatory compliance makes the offshoring or outsourcing of data storage and

processing difficult.

● The highest levels of performance are required, and on-premises or dedicated

hosted infrastructure has the capacity to meet the organization’s needs.