PERCENTAGE(%)

 Percent implies “for every hundred”.

 Percentage is a fraction whose denominator is
always 100. x percentage is represented by x%.
To express x% as a fraction : 
We know,
x% = x/100
Thus 10% = 10/100 (means 10 parts out of 100 parts)
= 1/10 (means 1 part out of 10 parts)
Some Basic Terms:-
1. X is what percentage of Y?
Ans- X/Y * 100

2. What percentage of Y is X?
Ans -X/Y * 100

3. What is X% of Y?
Ans – XY/100

4. Find the percentage of X to Y?

Ans- X/Y * 100
5. Percentage Change= {(New Value-
Original)/Original value }* 100

Note:- if (New value – Original value) is a positive value then there will be
percentage increase.
If (New value – Original value) is a negative value then there will be
percentage decrease.
• Example:- Total production of cars in 2008 in company
A is 1000 and total production of cars in 2010 is 1500,
find the percentage increase or decrease in its
production value?
Ans. Final value- initial value /initial value *100
500/1000*100=50%
Þ Here the difference Final value- initial value is positive
signifies that there is percentage increase in its
production
 Questions:
In January Dylan worked a total of 35 hours, in February he
worked 42 hours and in march it was decreased to 35 hours?
1. What percentage did Dylan’s working hours increase or
decrease in February?
Ans. 20%
Note :- Difference between February working hours and January working
hours is positive , so there is Percentage increase in working hours by
20%.

2. What percentage did Dylan’s working hours increase or

decrease in March with respect to February?
Ans. 16.67%
Conversion Table
  Successive Increase and Decrease / Net Effect
 Suppose a number is  Alternatively, we can use
increased or decrease by x the successive change
% then by y%, if the initial formula,
value of the number is n, Effective percentage
then it’s final value increase or decrease
 If a quantity changes by three consecutive changes of x%, y%
and z%, then the effective percentage change
• Example : The capacity of a ground was 100000 at the end
of 2012. In 2013, it increased by 10% and in 2014, it
decreased by 18.18%. What was the ground’s capacity at
the end of 2014?

Ans. When One percentage change is positive and the other is

negative:
x is positive and y is negative, then net percentage change
= (x-y-xy/100)%
= 10-18.18 – (10 × 18.18/100)= -9.998
So the capacity of the ground is decreased by 9.998%
Hence, net capacity = 90002
Questions:-
Ques1.  A’s salary is increased by 10% and then decreased
by 10%. The change in salary is

• Ans. Percentage change formula when x is positive and y is

negative = {x – y – (xy/100)}%
= {10 – 10 – (10 x 10)/100} = -1%
As negative sign shows a decrease, hence salary is
decreased by 1%.
Note:- If there is first increase of X% then there is a decrease of X%
then on whole there is always loss of = (X2 /100)%
Ques 2. If the length of rectangle is increased by 10%
and It’s breadth is increase by 20 % then by how
much percentage its will increase?

Ans. 32%
  FEW CONCEPTS AND
 Increase N by S % TRICKS:
= N( 1+ S/100 )
 Decrease N by S % = N (1 – S/100)
 Product Stability Ratio:
A×B=P
 If A is increased by a certain percentage, then B is
required to be decreased by a certain percentage to keep
the product P stable.
  ANOTHER APPROACH:
• Any number is always 100%
of itself
So the 100% of 710 is    =
710
10% of 710 is         = 71.0
1% of 710 is          = 7.10
0.1% of 710 is         = 0.710
We require 30% of 710, which
is = 3 × 10% of 710
= 3 ×71 = 213
• MF-MULTIPLICATION
FACTOR.
Concept:-
Percentage Increase/Decrease:
If the price of a commodity increases by R%, then the
reduction in consumption so as not to increase the
expenditure is: 

[R/ (100 + R)] x 100%

If the price of a commodity decreases by R%, then

the increase in consumption so as not to decrease the
expenditure is:

[R/ (100 - R)] x 100%

Example : If the price of rice is increased by 25% then by
how much percentage it’s consumption must be decreased
to make the Expenditure constant?

Ans. 25/125 *100=20%

Example : If the price of petrol is decreased by 25% then by

how much percentage it’s consumption must be increased
to make the Expenditure constant?
Ans. 25/75 *100=33.33%
 Results on Population and
Depreciation
 Let the population of a  Let the present value of a
town be P now and machine be P. Suppose it
suppose it increases at depreciates at the rate of
the rate of R% per R% per annum. Then:
annum, then: 1.Value of the machine
1.Population after n years after n years =
= P(1 + R/100)^n P(1 - R/100)^n
2.Population n years ago 2.Value of the machine n
=P/(1 + R/100)^n years ago = P/[(1 -
R/100)]^n
Example: The population of a town rapidly
increases by 20% every year. If the
population of town in 2015 was 600000, then
what would be its population in 2018?

Ans . A= 600000 (1+20/100)3 = 1036800

Example :The value of a machine depreciates at the

rate of 10% every year. It was purchased 3 years
ago. If its present value is Rs. 8748, its purchase
price was ?
Ans. 8748= P (1-10/100)3=> p=12000
 TYPES OF QUESTIONS:

1. If Rohan salary is increase by 50% and

subsequently decrease by 50%. How much
percentage loss or gain is there?
A.20 % loss B. No gain No loss C. 25% gain

D.25% loss

SOL. D
2. If Radha earning is 25% more than sita. Then sita
earning is how many percentage less then by radha?.
A.25% B.20% C.30% D.35%

SOL. B

3.If petrol price increase by 25%. How much percentage a

person reduced his consumption so that his expenditure on it
does not increase?
A. 25% B.30% C.20% D.35%
SOL. C
4. If suman need 36% minimum mark to pass a exam but she
score 24% mark and fail by 9 marks. What is the total mark?
A.75 B.80 C.90 D.100
SOL. A

5. If the radius of a circle is increased by 50%, its area is

increased by
A.125% B. 100% C.75% D. 50%
SOL. A
6. In a test consisting of 80 questions carrying one
mark each, Arpita answer 65% of the first 40
questions correctly. What percent of the other 40
questions does she need to answer correctly to score
75% on the entire test?

A. 60 B. 80 C.75 D. 85

SOL. D
7.In a village, each of the 60% of families has a cow;
each of the 30% of families has buffalo and each of
the 15% of families has both a cow and a buffalo. In
all there are 96 families in the village. How many
families do not have a cow or a buffalo?
 
A. 20 B.24 C.26
D.28

SOL. B
8. The population of a city increases at the rate of 4%
per annum. There is an additional annual increase of
1 % in the population due to the influx of job seekers.
Therefore, the % increase in the population after 2
years will be:

A. 10 B. 10.25 C. 10.55 D.10.75 E. None

of these

Sol. B
9. In a class, 40% of the boys is same as 1/2 of the
girls and there are 20 girls. Total number of
students in the class is:

A. 70 B. 45 C. 35 D.25
E. None of these

SOL. B
10. In a two-digit positive number, the digit in the units
place is equal to the square of the digit in ten’s place and the
difference between the number obtained by interchanging
the digits and the number is 54. What is 40% of the original
number?

A.  18.5 B.  20.2 C. 10.15 D. 15.6

E. None of these

Sol. D
11. 7% of the total quantity of wheat is lost in grinding
when a country has to import 6 million tones, but when
only 7 (3/4)% is lost, it can import 3 million tones. Find
the quantity of wheat grown in the country.

A. 500 million tones B. 400 million tones

C. 600 million tones  D. 700 million tones
E. 800 million tones

SOL. B
12. A book consists of 30 pages, 25 lines on each page and 35
characters on each line. If this content is written in another
note book consisting of 30 lines and 28 characters per line,
then the required number of pages will how much per cent
greater than the previous pages?

A.  7% B. 6.66% C. 8.2% D. 7.7%

E. None of these
Sol. B
13. The charges per hour of internet surfing is increased by 25%
then find the percentage decrease in the time period of surfing
of a user who can afford only a 10% increase in expenditure .
A. 12% B. 15% C.10% D. 18%
SOL. A
14.  80% of  a smaller is 4 less than 40% of larger number. The
larger number is 85 greater than the smaller one. What is the
sum of these two numbers?
A. 180 B.  220 C. 235 D. 200

SOL. C
15. A sum of Rs 731 is distributed among A, B and C, such that
A receives 25% more than B and B receives 25% less than C.
What is C’s share in the amount?
A. Rs 172 B. Rs 200 C. Rs 262 D. Rs 272
SOL.D

16. Milk contains 5% water. What quantity of pure milk should

be added to 10 liters of milk to reduce this to 2%?
A. 5 liters B. 7 liters C. 15 liters D. Cannot be
determined
SOL. C
17.  If the height of a triangle is decreased by 40% and its base is
increased by 40%, what will be the effect on its area?
A. No change  B. 16% increase C. 8% increase D. 16% decrease

SOL. D
18. If 20% of an electricity bill is deducted, then Rs. 100 as still
to be paid. How much was the original bill?
A. Rs. 110 B. Rs. 115 C. Rs. 120 D. Rs. 125

SOL. D
19. The market price of a watch is Rs. 800. A shopkeeper gives
two successive discounts and sells the watch for Rs. 612. If the
first discount is 10%, then the second discount is:

A. 12% B. 20% C. 15% D. 10%

SOL. C
20. In a medical certificate, by mistake a candidate
gave his height as 25 % more than actual. In the
interview panel, he clarified that his height was 5
feet 5 inches. Find the percentage correction made
by the candidate from his stated height to his actual
height.

A. 28.56 B. 20 C. 25 D. 30 E.
35

SOL. B
21. Suhas decided to donate 15% of his salary. On the day of
donation he changed his mind and donated Rs.1,650 which
was 11/15th of what he had decided to donate earlier. How
much is Suhas’ salary?

A. 1100 B.1500 C. 1000 D. 1400

SOL. B
22. Fresh fruit contains 68% water and dry fruit
contains 20% water. How much dry fruit can be
obtained from 100 kg of fresh fruits ?

A.20 B.30 C.40 D.50

SOL. C
23. 405 sweets were distributed equally among children in such
a way that the number of sweets received by each child is 20% of
the total number of children. How many sweets did each child
receive ?
A. 9 B.10 C.11 D.12
SOL. A
24. A student multiplied a number by 3/5 instead of 5/3, What is
the percentage error in the calculation ?
A.54% B.64% C.74% D.84%
SOL. B
26. Entry fee in an exhibition was Rs. 1. Later, this was
reduced by 25% which increased the sale by 20%. The
percentage increase in the number of visitors is :

A. 20% B.40% C.60% D.80%

SOL. C
27. A housewife saved Rs. 2.50 in buying an item on
sale. If she spent Rs. 25 for the item, approximately
how much percent she saved in the transaction ?

A.8 B.9 C.10 D.11

SOL. B