LTE - Paramter Introduction and Audit

LTE Parameter Introduction and Audit
2014-11-21
www.huawei.com
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SEMICONDUCTOR Page 1 Page 1
Contents
 Cell Selection and Reselection
 LTE Handover
 LTE Power Control

 LTE Parameter Audit
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SEMICONDUCTOR Page 2
LTE Cell Selection Procedure
• Like UMTS, LTE also follows to Selection Criterion S for cell selection.
• Cell Selection criterion is fulfilled when
Srxlev > 0 and Squal > 0
› Where
Srxlev = Qrxlevmeas - (Qrxlevmin + Qrxlevminoffset) – Pcompensation
Squal = Qqualmeas - (QqualMin + QqualMinOffset)
Where Pcompensation = max (PEMAX – PPowerClass, 0) dB
Category MO Parameter Name Default Value Remark

Cell Selection CELLSEL QRxLevMin -64 (-128dBm) NA
Cell Selection CELLSEL QRxLevMinOffset 0 NA
Cell Selection CELLSEL QQualMin -18 (dB) NA
Cell Selection CELLSEL QQualMinOffsetCfgInd NOT_CFG NA
Cell Selection CELLSEL QQualMinOffset NA NA
Cell Selection CELLSEL Pmax 23 NA
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Selection Procedure
Parameter
Parameter Description Remark
ID
Srxlev Cell selection RX level value (dB) using the above formula
Squal Cell selection quality value (dB) using the above formula
Qrxlevmeas Measured cell RX level value (RSRP) measured value
Qqualmeas Measured cell quality value (RSRQ) measured value
Qrxlevmin Minimum required RX level in the cell (dBm) "SIB1" CELLSEL.QRxLevMin parameter
Qqualmin Minimum required quality level in the cell (dB) "SIB1" CELLSEL.QQualMin parameter
Offset to the signalled Qrxlevmin taken into account in the Srxlev
Qrxlevminoffset evaluation as a result of a periodic search for a higher priority PLMN CELLSEL.QRxLevMinOffset parameter
while camped normally in a VPLMN "SIB1"
Offset to the signalled Qqualmin taken into account in the Squal
Qqualminoffset evaluation as a result of a periodic search for a higher priority PLMN CELLSEL.QQualMinOffset parameter
while camped normally in a VPLMN "SIB1"
Pcompensation max(PEMAX –PPowerClass, 0) (dB) FORMULA
Maximum TX power level an UE may use when transmitting on the
PEMAX CELL.UePowerMax parameter
uplink in the cell (dBm) defined as PEMAX "SIB1"
Maximum RF output power of the UE (dBm) according to the UE
PPowerClass Depened on the UE
power class
• Qrxlevmin (RSRP) is only considered here.

• Neglecting Qrxlevminoffset and Pcompensation from the equation.
• UE is able to select eUTRAN cell from where it is receiving at least
-128dBm signal strength.
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Reselection based on cell priorities
• Priority values in the range [0..7] are used, where 0 indicates lowest priority and 7 i
ndicates highest priority.
• Equal priorities between different RATs are not supported
• All parameters based on cell reselection priority are broadcasted on SIB5, SIB6,SI
B7 and SIB8 for Inter LTE freq, UMTS, GSM and CDMA respectively.
• UE performs cell reselection evaluation for E-UTRAN frequencies and inter-RAT fr

equencies that are given in system information and for which the UE has a priority
provided.
• UE doesn’t consider any black listed cells as candidate for cell reselection.
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Cell Reselection Measurement Trigger – Intra-Freq
SIntraSearch
Measurement Rules for Intra cell Measurements:

If Srxlev < SIntraSearch, the UE may choose to perform intra-frequency
measurements.
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Reselection Criteria – Intra-Freq
• If Srxlev < SIntraSearch
• Qrxlevmeas < Qrxlevmin + Sintrasearch
Signal strength
Cell A Very Good RF Condition Neighboring cell

Cell B becomes higher than Serving
serving cell by Qhyst
Non-
Serving
Sintrasearch(LT
E)
Reselection to
Qhyst
Intra LTE cell
Starts measuring
Intra frequency cells
Qrxlevmin (LTE or
UMTS)
Time
TreselectionEUTRA

Cell Selection CELLRESEL QRxLevMin -64 (-128dBm) NA
Cell Selection CELLRESEL Sintrasearch 29 (58dB) NA
Cell Selection CELLRESEL Qhyst DB4_Q_HYST (4dB) NA
Cell Selection CELLRESEL TReselEutran 1 (s) NA
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Reselection Ranking – Intra-Freq
• Ranking Criterion applies to both Intra frequency cells:
Rs = Qmeas,s + Qhyst
» Where
Rn = Qmeas,n - Qoffset
Qmeas RSRP measurement quantity used in cell reselections.

For intra-frequency: Equals to Qoffsets,n, if Qoffsets,n is valid,otherwise this equals
Qoffset to zero. For inter-frequency: Equals to Qoffsets,n plus Qoffsetfrequency, if
Qoffsets,n is valid, otherwise this equals to Qoffsetfrequency.
• In all cases, the UE shall reselect the new cell, only if the following conditions are met:
» New cell is better ranked than the serving cell during a time interval T reselectionEUTRA;
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Cell Reselection Measurement Trigger – Inter-freq or I
nter-RAT (High to Low)
• For E-UTRAN Inter-frequency or Inter-RAT frequency cell Measure
ments:
» If the serving cell fulfils Srxlev < SnonIntraSearchP and Squal < SnonIntraSearchQ,
the UE may choose to perform measurements of E-UTRAN inter-f
requencies or inter-RAT frequency cells of equal or lower priority.

Cell Selection CELLRESEL Snonintrasearch 11 (-128 +22 = 106dB) NA
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Reselection Criterion – E-UTRAN Inter-Freq and IRAT (H
igh to Low)
• For High priority LTE cell to Low priority LTE inter frequency or Inter-RAT frequency
• If ThreshServingLow is provided in SystemInformationBlockType3, cell reselection would perf
orm if
» The serving cell fulfils Srxlev < ThrshServLow and a cell of a lower priority RAT/ frequency ful
fils Srxlev > ThreshXLow during a time interval TreselectionRAT (TReselUtran).

Cell Selection CELLRESEL ThrshServLow 9 (-128 + 18 = -110dBm) NA
L2U Reselection UTRANNFREQ QRxLevMin - 58 ( -58*2+1 = NA
-115dBm)
L2U Reselection UTRANNFREQ ThreshXLow 6 (-115 + 12 = -103dBm) NA
L2U Reselection CELLRESELUTRAN TReselUtran 1 (s) NA
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High Prior. LTE to Low Prior. UMTS
Case 1
Signal strength
UMTS (Low priority)

signal
Reselection to
UMTS
Snonintrasearch(LTE)
Threshservinglow
(LTE)
Threshxlow (UMTS)
LTE (High priority)

Qrxlevmin (LTE or signal
UMTS)
Time
Starts TreselUTRA
measuring IF
n1
Conditio
n2
Conditio
or IRAT freq
Satisfied
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High Prior. LTE to Low Prior. UMTS
Case 2
Signal strength
UMTS (Low priority) signal

TreselectionUTRA
Reselection to
UMTS
Snonintrasearch(LT
E)
Threshservinglow
(LTE)
Threshxlow
(UMTS)
LTE (High priority)

Qrxlevmin (LTE or signal
UMTS)
Time
Starts measuring IF
or IRAT freq n1
Conditio
n2
Conditio
Satisfied
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Reselection Criterion – E-UTRAN Inter-Freq and IRAT (L
ow to High)
• For Low priority LTE cell to High priority LTE inter frequency or Inter-RAT frequen
cy
• If ThreshServingLow is provided in SystemInformationBlockType3, cell reselection would

perform if
» A cell of a higher priority Inter RAT/ frequency fulfils
Srxlev > ThreshXHigh during a time interval TreselectionRAT; and
» More than 1 second has elapsed since the UE camped on the current serving ce
ll.
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Low Prior. LTE to High Prior. UMTS
Case 1
Signal strength
UMTS (High priority) signal
Reselection to
UMTS
ThreshxHigh (UMTS)
LTE (Low priority) signal
Time
Starts measuring IF
TreselectionRAT
or IRAT freq
Condition
Satisfied
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Low Prior. LTE to High Prior. UMTS
Case 2
Signal strength
UMTS (High priority) signal
Reselection to
UMTS
ThreshxHigh (UMTS)
LTE (Low priority) signal
Time
TreselectionRAT
Starts measuring IF
or IRAT freq
Condition
Satisfied
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Contents
 LTE Handover
 LTE Intra Frequency Handover
 LTE Inter Frequency Handover
 LTE Inter RAT Handover

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Mobility Management Overview
Mobility Management
Idle State Connected State
Cell Reselection Handover
Intra-frequency Inter-frequency Inter-RAT
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SEMICONDUCTOR Page 17 Page17
Intra-RAT Handover Procedure
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Inter-RAT(L2U) PS Handover Flow
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Handover Procedure and Entities
UE Handover Entities
UE Capability UE Measurement Cell Reselection Priority
Redirection Control
UE Capability Handling
Gap pattern control
Xxx Based Trigger Measurement Handling

MRO
Blind Handover
Neighbor Cell
Candidate Cell Filter Handover Decision Management
eNodeB
Handover
Handover Execution Entities
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Handover Measurement
RRC Reconfiguration Message
• The measurement configuration consists of measurement identities,

measurement objects, reporting configurations, and other paramete
rs such as Layer 3 (L3) filtering coefficients, gap patterns, and
UE-mobility-dependent parameters.
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Measurement Object
Parameters Description
DlEarfcn Indicates the DL EARFCN of the inter-
frequency E-UTRAN cell
MeasBandWidth Indicates the measurement bandwidth for

inter/intra-frequency neighboring cells
QoffsetFreq Indicates the frequency offset of the inter-

frequency neighboring cell
PresenceAntenn Indicates whether all of the inter-frequency

aPort1 neighboring cells are configured with the
double-TX antenna.
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Inter-Frequency/ Inter-RAT Measurement Gap
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Event Definition
Event Definition Formula Usage
A1-1(Entering): Ms-Hys>Thresh A1 used to terminate the Inter-Freq or Inter-RAT
A1 S-cell signal becomes better than threshold
A1-2(Leaving): Ms+Hys<Thresh measurement
A2-1(Entering): Ms+Hys<Thresh A2 used to trigger the Inter-Freq or Inter-RAT

A2 S-cell signal becomes worse than threshold
A2-2(Leaving): Ms-Hys>Thresh measurement
A3-1(Entering):
N-cell signal becomes better than S-cell signal with pre- Mn+Ofn+Ocn-Hys>Ms+Ofs+Ocs+Off A3 used to handle Intra-Freq or Inter-Freq
A3
defined offset of “Off” A3-2(Leaving): handover
Mn+Ofn+Ocn+Hys<Ms+Ofs+Ocs+Off
A4-1(Entering):
Mn+Ofn+Ocn-Hys>Thresh
A4 N-cell signal becomes better than threshold A4 used to handle Inter-Freq handover
A4-2(Leaving):
Mn+Ofn+Ocn+Hys<Thresh
B1-1(Entering):
Mn+Ofn-Hys>Thresh
B1 Inter RAT N-cell signal becomes better than threshold B1 used to handle Inter-RAT handover
B1-2(Leaving):
Mn+Ofn+Hys<Thresh
S-cell signal becomes worse than threshold1 and N-cell
A5 A2 + A4 A5 used to handle Inter-Freq handover
signal becomes better than threshold2
S-cell signal becomes worse than threshold1 and inter RAT
B2 A2 + B1 B2 used to handle Inter-RAT handover
N-cell signal becomes better than threshold2
S-cell=serving cell,N-cell=neighbor cell
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Neighbor Management
Intra-frequency
cdma2000 neighbor
UMTS
Inter-frequency
Neighbor
neighbor
Management
LTE2.1G
GSM
Inter-RAT
neighbor
LTE1.8G
LTE 900M
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Intra-frequency Handover Procedure
Measurement Triggers eNodeB Makes Decision eNodeB Performs Handover
(Coverage Based) Admission Procedure
Measurement Configuration message Event Triggered Periodical Reporting Signaling Procedure Execution
Measurement RSRP/RSRQ Intra-eNodeB cell has higher priority Retry Mechanism (attempt to next target
Event A3 cell in measurement report list) If
to reduce Inter-eNodeB signaling or
Black cell list Admission or Handover Failure
data forwarding.
If criteria is matched, UE sends
Via S1 or X2 Reservation Mechanism in source cell
measurement report.
Update Parameters to UE
Measurement Decision Execution

Phase Phase Handover
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Intra-frequency Handover Algorithm
Event A3: Neighbour becomes offset better than serving.
A3-1 (Entering condition):
Mn  Ofn  Ocn  Hys  Ms  Ofs  Ocs  Off
A3-2 (Leaving condition):

Mn  Ofn  Ocn  Hys  Ms  Ofs  Ocs  Off
Mn :neighboring cell measurement result;

Ofn : frequency-specific offset for the frequency of the
neighboring cell. It is specified by the QoffsetFreq
parameter.
Ocn : cell-specific offset (CIO) for the neighboring cell. It is
specified by the CellIndividualOffset parameter. If eNodeB
does not deliver this parameter. UE uses the default value
0.
Ms : serving cell measurement result.
Ofs : frequency-specific offset for the serving frequency. It
is specified by the QoffsetFreq parameter. This variable is
contained in the associated measurement object IE in the
measurement configuration.
Ocs : cell-specific offset for the serving cell. It is specified
by the CellSpecificOffset parameter.
Hys :hysteresis for event A3. It is specified by the
IntraFreqHoA3Hyst parameter and contained in the
delivered measurement configuration.
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SEMICONDUCTOR Off27:offset for event A3. It is specified by the
Page Page27
IntraFreqHoA3Offset parameter. This A3-specific
Intra-frequency Key Parameters (1)
Id Name Description Range Baseline MO
IntraFreqHoA3Hyst Intrafreq handover Indicates the hysteresis for event A3. This parameter is used to prevent GUI value range: 0~30 GUL value: 2 INTRAFREQ
Unit: 0.5dB
hysteresis frequent triggering of event evaluation due to radio signal fluctuation. In Actual value range: 0~15 Actual value: HOGROUP
this way, the probability of ping-pong handovers or handover decision 1dB
errors is reduced. A larger value of this parameter results in a lower
probability
IntraFreqHoA3Offset Intrafreq handover Indicates the offset for event A3. If the parameter is set to a large value, an GUI value range: -30~30 GUL value: 2 INTRAFREQ
Unit: 0.5dB
offset intra-frequency handover is performed only when the signal quality of the Actual value range: -15~15 Actual value: HOGROUP
neighboring cell is significantly better than that of the serving cell and other 1dB
triggering conditions are met.
IntraFreqHoA3TimeT Intrafreq handover Indicates the time-to-trigger for event A3 for the intra-frequency handover. GUI value range: 0ms, 320ms INTRAFREQ
When detecting that the signal quality in the serving cell and that in at least 40ms, 64ms, 80ms, 100ms,
oTrig time to trigger one neighboring cell meet the entering condition, the UE does not send a 128ms, 160ms, 256ms, HOGROUP
measurement report to the eNodeB immediately. Instead, the UE sends a 320ms, 480ms, 512ms,
report only when the signal quality continuously meets the entering 640ms, 1024ms, 1280ms,
condition during the time-to-trigger. 2560ms, 5120ms
This parameter helps decrease the number of occasionally triggered event Unit: ms
reports, the average number of handovers, and the number of wrong Actual value range: 0ms,
handovers. In summary, it helps prevent unnecessary handovers. 40ms, 64ms, 80ms, 100ms,
128ms, 160ms, 256ms,
320ms, 480ms, 512ms,
640ms, 1024ms, 1280ms,
2560ms, 5120ms
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Intra-frequency Key Parameters (2)
CellIndividualOffset Cell individual offset Indicates the cell-specific GUI value range: dB-24(-24dB), dB0 EUTRANINTRAFREQNC
dB-22(-22dB), dB-20(-20dB), dB-
offset for the intra- 18(-18dB), dB-16(-16dB), dB- ELL
frequency neighboring 14(-14dB), dB-12(-12dB), dB-
10(-10dB), dB-8(-8dB), dB-6(-
cell. It affects the 6dB), dB-5(-5dB), dB-4(-4dB),
probability of triggering dB-3(-3dB), dB-2(-2dB), dB-1(-
intra-frequency 1dB), dB0(0dB), dB1(1dB),
dB2(2dB), dB3(3dB), dB4(4dB),
measurement reports. A dB5(5dB), dB6(6dB), dB8(8dB),
larger value of this dB10(10dB), dB12(12dB),
dB14(14dB), dB16(16dB),
parameter indicates a dB18(18dB), dB20(20dB),
higher probability. dB22(22dB), dB24(24dB)
Unit: dB
Actual value range: dB-24, dB-
22, dB-20, dB-18, dB-16, dB-14,
dB-12, dB-10, dB-8, dB-6, dB-5,
dB-4, dB-3, dB-2, dB-1, dB0,
dB1, dB2, dB3, dB4, dB5, dB6,
dB8, dB10, dB12, dB14, dB16,
dB18, dB20, dB22, dB24
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Inter-frequency Handover Procedure
Measurement Triggers Measurement eNodeB Makes Decision eNodeB Performs Handover
Event Triggered Periodical Admission Procedure
(Coverage Based)
GAP-Assisted Measurement Reporting Signaling Procedure Execution
UE Reporting Event A2 to trigger
inter-frequency measurement based Retry Mechanism (attempt to next
Event Triggered Periodical Single or both of RSRP / RSRQ
on coverage considered to make decision target cell in measurement report
Reporting A3/A4/A5
Single or both of RSRP/RSRQ list) If Admission or Handover Failure
monitored to trigger IF Via S1 or X2 Reservation Mechanism in source
measurement cell
Stop measuring when Event A1 is met Update Parameters to UE
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Inter-frequency Handover Algorithm
Event A2: Serving becomes worse than
threshold. Event A4: Inter-RAT neighbor becomes better
than threshold.
Ms  Hys  Thresh A4-1 (Entering condition):
Mn  Ofn  Ocn  Hys  Thresh
Ms  Hys  Thresh
Mn  Ofn  Ocn  Hys  Thresh
A3 measurement of inter-RAT handover is similar to

that in intra-frequency handover.
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Inter-frequency Key Parameters (1)
Indicates the hysteresis for inter-frequency

measurement events A1 and A2. This parameter is used
to prevent frequent triggering of event evaluation caused GUI value range: 0~30 GUL value: 2
Interfreq A1A2
InterFreqHoA1A2Hyst by radio signal fluctuation. In this way, the probability of Unit: 0.5dB Actual INTERFREQHOGROUP
hysteresis Actual value range: 0~15
ping-pong handovers or handover decision errors is value: 1dB
reduced. A larger value of this parameter results in a
lower probability.
Indicates the time-to-trigger for inter-frequency

GUI value range: 0ms, 40ms,
measurement event A1 or A2.
64ms, 80ms, 100ms, 128ms,
When detecting that the signal quality in the serving cell
160ms, 256ms, 320ms, 480ms,
meets the triggering condition, the UE does not send a
512ms, 640ms, 1024ms,
measurement report to the eNodeB immediately.
1280ms, 2560ms, 5120ms
InterFreqHoA1A2TimeT Interfreq A1A2 time Instead, the UE sends a report only when the signal
Unit: ms 640ms INTERFREQHOGROUP
oTrig to trigger quality continuously meets the entering condition during
Actual value range: 0ms, 40ms,
the time-to-trigger. This parameter helps decrease the
64ms, 80ms, 100ms, 128ms,
number of occasionally triggered event reports, the
160ms, 256ms, 320ms, 480ms,
average number of handovers, and the number of wrong
512ms, 640ms, 1024ms,
handovers. In summary, it helps prevent unnecessary
1280ms, 2560ms, 5120ms
handovers.
The quantity can be RSRP, RSRQ, or both. The GUI value range: RSRP,
InterFreq A1A2 measured RSRP values are stable, varying little with the RSRQ, BOTH
InterFreqHoA1A2TrigQu
Measurement trigger load, and therefore there is little signal fluctuation. The Unit: None RSRP INTRARATHOCOMM
an measured RSRQ values vary with the load and are likely Actual value range: RSRP,
quantity to reflect the signal quality of the cell in real time. RSRQ, BOTH
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GUI value range: -141~-
Indicates the RSRP threshold for inter-frequency
43
InterFreqHoA1ThdRsr Interfreq A1 RSRP measurement event A1. INTERFREQHOGROU
Unit: dBm -105dBm
p threshold When the measured RSRP value exceeds this P
Actual value range:
threshold, a measurement report may be sent.
-141~-43
Indicates the RSRP threshold for inter-frequency
43
InterFreqHoA2ThdRsr Interfreq A2 RSRP measurement event A2. INTERFREQHOGROU
Unit: dBm -109dBm
p threshold When the measured RSRP value is below the P
Actual value range:
-141~-43
Indicates the hysteresis for event A4. This parameter

is used to prevent frequent triggering of event GUI value range: 0~30
Interfreq handover evaluation caused by radio signal fluctuation. In this Unit: 0.5dB INTERFREQHOGROU
InterFreqHoA4Hyst way, the probability of ping-pong handovers or Actual value range: 2dB
hysteresis P
handover decision errors is reduced. A larger value 0~15
of this parameter results in a lower probability.
Indicates the RSRP threshold for event A4 related to GUI value range: -141~-
CoverageBased coverage-based or distance-based inter-frequency 43
InterFreqHoA4ThdRsr INTERFREQHOGROU
Interfreq RSRP handover. When the measured RSRP value exceeds Unit: dBm -105dBm
p this threshold, an inter-frequency measurement Actual value range: P
threshold report may be sent. -141~-43
The measured RSRP values are stable, varying little GUI value range:
with the load, and therefore there is little signal SAME_AS_TRIG_QUA
fluctuation. The measured RSRQ values vary with N(Same as Trig Quan),
InterFreqHoA4RprtQu Measurement A4 report the load and are likely to reflect the signal quality of BOTH SAME_AS_TRI
the cell in real time. Unit: None INTRARATHOCOMM
an quantity G_QUAN
After an inter-frequency handover event is triggered, Actual value range:
the reporting quantity is BOTH, that is, both RSRP SAME_AS_TRIG_QUA
and RSRQ. N, BOTH
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Indicates the time-to-trigger for event
A4 for the inter-frequency handover.
When detecting that the signal quality
in at least one neighboring cell meets GUI value range: 0ms, 40ms, 64ms,
the entering condition, the UE does 80ms, 100ms, 128ms, 160ms,
not send a measurement report to the 256ms, 320ms, 480ms, 512ms,
eNodeB immediately. Instead, the UE 640ms, 1024ms, 1280ms, 2560ms,
sends a report only when the signal 5120ms
Interfreq HandOver Time to INTERFREQHOG
InterFreqHoA4TimeToTrig quality continuously meets the Unit: ms 640ms
Trigger entering condition during the time-to- Actual value range: 0ms, 40ms, ROUP
trigger. 64ms, 80ms, 100ms, 128ms,
This parameter helps decrease the 160ms, 256ms, 320ms, 480ms,
number of occasionally triggered 512ms, 640ms, 1024ms, 1280ms,
event reports, the average number of 2560ms, 5120ms
handovers, and the number of wrong
handovers. In summary, it helps
prevent unnecessary handovers.
Indicates the RSRP threshold for
event A4 related to loadbased,
frequency-priority-based, UL quality
GUI value range: -141~-43
InterFreqLoadBasedHoA4 Load Based Interfreq RSRP based or service based inter- INTERFREQHOG
Unit: dBm -103dBm
ThdRsrp threshold frequency handover. When the ROUP
Actual value range: -141~-43
measured RSRP value exceeds this
threshold, an inter-frequency
measurement report may be sent.
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frequency-priority-based inter- GUI value range: -141~-43
FreqPriInterFreqHoA1Thd Freq Priority Based Interfreq frequency measurement event A1. Unit: dBm
When the measured RSRP value Actual value range: -141~- -85dBm INTERFREQHOGROUP
Rsrp A1 RSRP threshold
exceeds this threshold, an event A1 43
report may be sent.
frequency-priority-based inter- GUI value range: -140~-43
FreqPriInterFreqHoA2Thd Freq Priority Based Interfreq frequency measurement event A2. Unit: dBm
When the measured RSRP value Actual value range: -140~- -87dBm INTERFREQHOGROUP
Rsrp A2 RSRP threshold
exceeds this threshold, a measurement 43
report may be sent.
Indicates the triggering quantity for
frequency-priority-based inter-
frequency measurement event A1. The
quantity can be either RSRP or RSRQ. GUI value range: RSRP,
The measured RSRP values are RSRQ, BOTH
FreqPriInterFreqHoA1Trig A1 Measurement trigger
stable, varying little with the load, and Unit: None RSRP INTRARATHOCOMM
Quan quantity of Freq Priority therefore there is little signal Actual value range: RSRP,
fluctuation. The measured RSRQ RSRQ, BOTH
values vary with the load and are likely
to reflect the signal quality of the cell in
real time.
Indicates the triggering quantity for GUI value range: RSRP,
FreqPrior loadBased A4 frequency priority, load based, UL RSRQ, BOTH
InterFreqHoA4TrigQuan Measurement trigger quality based, service based or Unit: None RSRP INTRARATHOCOMM
distance based inter-frequency Actual value range: RSRP,
quantity handover event A4. RSRQ, BOTH
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Indicates the offset for event A3 associated with inter-
frequency handover. This parameter determines the
border between the serving cell and the neighboring GUI value range: -30~30
cell. If the parameter is set to a large value, an inter- Unit: 0.5dB
InterFreqHoA3Offset Interfreq A3 offset frequency handover is performed only when the signal Actual value range: 1dB INTERFREQHOGROUP
quality of the neighboring cell is significantly better than -15~15
that of the serving cell and other triggering conditions
are met.

Indicates the RSRP threshold for event A1 associated
44
A3InterFreqHoA1ThdRs A3 based interfreq A1 with event-A3-triggered inter-frequency handover.
Unit: dBm -95dBm INTERFREQHOGROUP
rp RSRP threshold When the measured RSRP value exceeds this
Actual value range:
-141~-44

Indicates the RSRP threshold for event A2 associated
44
A3InterFreqHoA2ThdRs A3 based Interfreq A2 with event-A3-triggered inter-frequency handover.
Unit: dBm -99dBm INTERFREQHOGROUP
rp RSRP threshold When the measured RSRP value is below the
Actual value range:
-141~-44
Indicates the event to trigger inter-frequency

handovers. If the neighboring E-UTRAN frequency and
the serving frequency are in the same frequency band, GUI value range:
either event A3 or event A4 can be used to trigger an EventA3(EventA3),
Inter-Freq HO trigger inter-frequency handover. Note that the handover EventA4(EventA4) EventA4(EventA4
InterFreqHoEventType performance when event A3 is used is better than that Unit: None EUTRANINTERNFREQ
Event Type )
when event A2 is used. If the neighboring E-UTRAN Actual value range:
frequency and the serving frequency are in different EventA3, EventA4
frequency bands, only event A4 can be used to trigger
an inter-frequency handover.
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Inter-RAT Handover Procedure
Measurement Triggers Measurement eNodeB Makes Decision eNodeB Performs Handover
Event Triggered Periodical Admission Procedure
(Coverage Based)
GAP-Assisted Measurement Reporting
UE Reporting Event A2 to trigger inter- Signaling Procedure Execution
To be considered to make
frequency measurement based on Retry Mechanism (attempt to
Event Triggered Periodical decision:
coverage RSCP or Ec/No for UMTS next target cell in
Reporting B1/B2 (for U/G/C)
Rx_Level for GSM measurement report list) If
Single or both of RSRP / RSRQ
Pilot Strength for CDMA2000
monitored to trigger IF measurement Admission or Handover Failure
Stop measuring when Event A1 is met Reservation Mechanism in source

cell
Update Parameters to UE
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Inter-RAT Handover Algorithm
Event A2: Serving becomes worse than
threshold. Event B1: Inter-RAT neighbor becomes
better than threshold.
B1-1 (Entering condition):
Ms  Hys  Thresh Mn  Ofn  Hys  Thresh
B1-2 (Leaving condition):
Ms  Hys  Thresh Mn  Ofn  Hys  Thresh
Gap assisted measurement

of inter-RAT handover is
similar to that in inter-
frequency handover.
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Inter-RAT Key Parameters (1)
Indicates the hysteresis for inter-RAT measurement events A1 and
A2. This parameter is used to prevent frequent triggering of event
GUI value range: 0~30
InterRatHoA1A2Hy InterRAT A1A2 evaluation caused by radio signal fluctuation. In this way, the INTERRATHOCOMMGR
Unit: 0.5dB 2dB
st hysteresis probability of ping-pong handovers or handover decision errors is Actual value range: 0~15 OUP
reduced. A larger value of this parameter results in a lower
probability.
GUI value range: 0ms, 40ms,

64ms, 80ms, 100ms, 128ms,
160ms, 256ms, 320ms,
Indicates the time-to-trigger for inter-RAT measurement event A1 480ms, 512ms, 640ms,
or A2. 1024ms, 1280ms, 2560ms,
When detecting that the signal quality in the serving cell meets the 5120ms
InterRatHoA1A2Ti InterRAT A1A2 INTERRATHOCOMMGR
entering condition, the UE does not send a measurement report to Unit: ms 640ms
meToTrig time to trigger the eNodeB immediately. Instead, the UE sends a report only Actual value range: 0ms, OUP
when the signal quality continuously meets the entering condition 40ms, 64ms, 80ms, 100ms,
during the time-to-trigger. 128ms, 160ms, 256ms,
320ms, 480ms, 512ms,
640ms, 1024ms, 1280ms,
2560ms, 5120ms
Indicates the quantity used to evaluate the triggering condition for

the inter-RAT measurement event A1 or A2. The values are RSRP,
GUI value range: RSRP,
InterRat A1A2 RSRQ and BOTH.
RSRQ, BOTH
InterRatHoA1A2Tri The measured RSRP values are stable, varying little with the load,
measurement Unit: None RSRP INTERRATHOCOMM
gQuan and therefore there is little signal fluctuation. The measured RSRQ
Actual value range: RSRP,
trigger quantity values vary with the load and are likely to reflect the signal quality
RSRQ, BOTH
of the cell in real time. By default, the reporting quantity for the
inter-RAT handover event is BOTH, that is, both RSRP and RSRQ.
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Indicates the RSRP threshold for inter-
RAT measurement event A1. GUI value range: -141~-43
InterRAT A1 RSRP INTERRATHOCOMMGROU
InterRatHoA1ThdRsrp When the measured RSRP value of the Unit: dBm -111dBm
trigger threshold serving cell exceeds this threshold, an Actual value range: -141~-43 P
event A1 report may be sent.
Indicates the RSRP threshold for inter-

RAT measurement event A2. GUI value range: -141~-43
InterRAT A2 RSRP INTERRATHOCOMMGROU
InterRatHoA2ThdRsrp When the measured RSRP value of the Unit: dBm -115dBm
trigger threshold serving cell is below this threshold, an Actual value range: -141~-43 P
event A2 report may be sent.
GUI value range:

UTRAN_RSCP,
Indicates the measurement quantity
UTRAN_ECN0,
required for the inter-RAT handover to
UTRAN_BOTH
InterRatHoUtranB1MeasQua Utran measurement UTRAN.
Unit: None UTRAN_RSCP INTERRATHOCOMM
n trigger quantity The RSCP values are relatively stable,
Actual value range:
and Ec/No fluctuates much with the
UTRAN_RSCP,
network load.
UTRAN_ECN0,
UTRAN_BOTH
Indicates the RSCP threshold for event

B1 related to coverage-based inter-RAT
handover to UTRAN.
GUI value range: -120~-25
CoverageBased UTRAN This parameter specifies the requirement INTERRATHOUTRANGRO
InterRatHoUtranB1ThdRscp Unit: dBm -103dBm
RSCP trigger threshold for RSCP of the target UTRAN cell. UP
Actual value range: -120~-25
When the measurement value exceeds
this threshold, a measurement report
may be sent.
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This parameter specifies the
requirement for Ec/No of the target
UTRAN cell. For a cell with large signal
fading variance, set this parameter to a
large value to prevent unnecessary
GUI value range: -48~0
CoverageBased UTRAN handovers. For a cell with small signal INTERRATHOUTRA
InterRatHoUtranB1ThdEcn0 Unit: 0.5dB -20dB
ECN0 trigger threshold fading variance, set this parameter to a NGROUP
Actual value range: -24~0
small value to ensure timely handovers.
A larger value of this parameter results
in a lower probability of handover to the
UTRAN cell, and a smaller value leads
to a higher probability.
Indicates the time-to-trigger for event

GUI value range: 0ms, 40ms, 64ms,
B1 related to inter-RAT handover to
80ms, 100ms, 128ms, 160ms, 256ms,
UTRAN. When detecting that the signal
320ms, 480ms, 512ms, 640ms,
quality in at least one neighboring cell
1024ms, 1280ms, 2560ms, 5120ms
InterRatHoUtranB1TimeToTr meets the entering condition, the UE INTERRATHOUTRA
UTRAN time to trigger Unit: ms 640ms
ig does not send a measurement report to NGROUP
Actual value range: 0ms, 40ms, 64ms,
the eNodeB immediately. Instead, the
80ms, 100ms, 128ms, 160ms, 256ms,
UE sends a report only when the signal
320ms, 480ms, 512ms, 640ms,
quality continuously meets the entering
1024ms, 1280ms, 2560ms, 5120ms
condition during the time-to-trigger
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Contents
 LTE Handover

 Power Control Introduction
 Uplink Power Control
 Downlink Power Control
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Introduction
• Ensuring quality of service

› Power control adjusts the transmit power to the optimal level to provide services of a certain quali
ty level that meets the requirement for the block error rate (BLER).
• Reducing interference
› Power control reduces interference in a cell, which mainly comes from neighboring cells.
• Lowering power consumption

› Uplink power control lowers the power consumption of UEs, and downlink power control lowers the powe
r consumption of eNodeBs.
• Expanding coverage and capacity

› Downlink power control allocates different power to different UEs at different locations to meet req
uirements for coverage and capacity. Uplink power control reduce RB number to meet the requirement f
or the signal- to- interference plus-and- noise ratio (SINR).
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Uplink Power Control: Overview
Uplink power control is performed on uplink physical signals, t

raffic channels, and control channels. It includes power contro
l for the following signals and channels:
› Physical random access channel (PRACH)
› Physical uplink shared channel (PUSCH)
› Physical uplink control channel (PUCCH)
› Sounding reference signal (SRS)
Page 44
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Power Control for the PRACH
PPRACH  min{ PCMAX , Po _ pre  PL   preamble  (N pre  1)   step }
PMSG 3  min{ PCMAX , 10 log( M PUSCH ( i ))  PO_pre   PREAMBLE _ Msg 3  PL   TF   msg 2 }
P CMAX is the maximum allowed transmit power.

P o _ pre is cell/UE specific parameter signaled by radio resource control (RRC).
PL is the downlink path loss estimate. It is calculated in the UE based on
the
 reference symbol
preamble
is the offset of thereceived power
power for (RSRP).preamble
the current PL = RS - format
RSRP against preamble
format 0.
N pre is the number of times the UE sends the preamble.
M PUSCH is the number of physical resource blocks (PRB) allocated.

(i)
 step is the ramping step in power ramping of the

preamble.
 PREAMBLE _ Msg 3 is the preamble delta value of Msg3.
 TF is the offset of the power for the current MCS format against the reference MCS
format.
 msg 2 is the TPC command
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Power Control for the PRACH
ensure the
random
minimiz
access
e
success rate
transmit eNB Initially sets PRACH preamble expected received
and latency
power power
UE estimates downlink path loss

eNB
preamble
UE sets the PRACH transmit power according eNB

C
preamble parameter and path loss
preamble
CELL If the random access preamble attempt fails

B ,UE can increase the transmit power for the
A
next RA preamble attempt
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Power Control for the PUSCH
PTX  min{Pmax ,10 log(M PUSCH ( i ) )  P0 _ PUSCH ( j )   ( j ) PL  f (i )}
PMAX is the maximum allowed transmit power.

M PUSCH ( i ) is the number of physical resource blocks (PRB) allocated.
P0 is cell/UE specific parameter signaled by radio resource control (RRC).
 ( j) is the path loss compensation factor.
is the downlink path loss estimate. It is calculated in the UE based on
PL
the
f (i) reference
is a closedsymbol received value
loop correction powerTPC
(RSRP).
and fPLis = RS - RSRP
a function that permits to use
accumulate or absolute correction value.
PHR  Pmax  10 log(M PUSCH ( i ) )  P0 _ PUSCH ( j )   ( j ) PL  f (i )
• Power headroom for the UE
• The closest value in the range [40; -23] dB with steps of 1 dB
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Power Control for the PUSCH
When UL power is limited, how to allocate RB and MCS to

achieve better UL throughput ？ More RB, lower MCS or fe Carring all RB,so
easy!
w RB, higher MCS?
NEARPOINT
limiting UE power
eNodeB UE
Consider PL, RB, QoS, etc. SHARE RB
Outer PHR MIDPOINT
Loop
Control
Compared with PSD
PSD Target Inner TPC
Loop
Control
FARPOINT reduce RB
Reduing RB
PHR: Power Headroom Report
PL: Path Loss
TPC: Transmit Power Command
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Power Control for the PUCCH
PUCCH FUNCTION
 ACK/NACK
 CQI ： RI （ Rank Indicator ）
CQI （ Channel Quality Indicator ）
PMI （ Precoding Matrix Information ）
 SRI ： Scheduling Request Indication
ensure the
PUCCH
PPUCCH  i   min  PCMAX , P0_PUCCH  PL  h  n CQI , n HARQ   F_PUCCH  F   g  i  performanc
e
PCMAX is the maximum allowed transmit power.
P0 _ PUCCH is the receive power expected by the eNodeB.
PL is the downlink path loss estimate. It is calculated in the UE based on the

reference symbol received power (RSRP). PL = RS - RSRP
h  n CQI , n HARQ 
is determined by the PUCCH format. n CQI is the number of information reduce the
bits of the CQI and nHARQ is the number of information bits of HARQ, interference
 F _ PUCCH ( F ) reflects the transmission format of the PUCCH on the transmit to
power. neighboring
g (i ) is the current PUCCH power control adjustment state. cells
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Power Control for the Sounding Reference Signals
P ( i )  min{ P
SRS CMAX
, 10 log( M SRS
) PSRS _ OFFSET
 P 0 _ PUSCH
   PL  f ( i )}
PCMAX is the maximum allowed transmit power.

M SRS is the number of physical resource blocks (PRB) allocated.
P 0 _ pusch
is cell/UE specific parameter signaled by radio resource control (RRC).
 is the path loss compensation factor.
PL is the downlink path loss estimate. It is calculated in the UE based on

the
P
SRS _ OFFSET
reference symbol received power (RSRP). PL = RS - RSRP
is the offset of the SRS power against the PUSCH power.
is a closed loop correction value TPC and f is a function that permits to use
I am
f (i)
accumulate or absolute correction value. PUSCH
Power!
I am SRS
Power! I
will follow
you
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Key Parameters Introduction
Id Name Description Baseline MML
Indicates the step by which

the TX power for random
DB2_PWR_RAMPING_STEP(2
PwrRampingStep Power ramping step access preambles is LST RACHCFG
dB)
increased each time after a
RACH access failure.
Indicates the target UE

transmit power for the PRACH
LST RACHCFG
expected by the eNodeB when
Preamble initial received PRACH preamble format 0 is
PreambInitRcvTargetPwr DBM_104(-104dBm)
target power applied on condition that
requirements for preamble
detection performance are
met.
CloseLoopSpsSwitch:Off
Indicates the switches used to
InnerLoopPuschSwitch:On
Uplink power control enable or disable power
UlPcAlgoSwitch PhSinrTarUpdateSwitch:Off LST CELLALGOSWITCH
algorithm switch control for PUSCH and
InnerLoopPucchSwitch:On
PUCCH.
OiSinrTarUpdateSwitch:Off
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Indicates the target UE transmit
power for the PUCCH expected
P0NominalPUCCH P0 nominal PUCCH by the eNodeB on condition -105 LST CELLULPCCOMM
that normal demodulation can
be performed.
Indicates the power offset of

PSrsOffset when the sounding reference signal
PSrsOffsetDeltaMcsDisable DeltaMcsEnalbed is to the PUSCH when -30 LST CELLULPCDEDIC
UU_DISABLE DeltaMcsEnabled is set to
UU_DISABLE.
Indicates the compensation

PassLossCoeff Path loss coefficient factor for path loss. It is used in AL07(0.7) LST CELLULPCCOMM
UL power control.
Indicates the nominal P0 value

P0NominalPUSCH P0 nominal PUSCH of the PUSCH. It is used in UL -67 LST CELLULPCCOMM
power control.
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Downlink Power Control: Overview
Downlink power control is achieved using either of the
following techniques:
 Fixed power assignment
Fixed power assignment is applicable to the cell-specific reference signal,
synchronization signal, PBCH, PCFICH, and the PDCCH and PDSCH that carry
common information of the cell. Users configure fixed power based on channel
quality. The configured power must meet the requirements for the downlink
coverage of the cell.
 Dynamic power control
Dynamic power control is applicable to the PHICH and the PDCCH and
PDSCH that carry dedicated information sent to UEs. Dynamic power control
lowers interference, expands cell capacity, and increases coverage while
meeting
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SEMICONDUCTOR LTD. of service (QoS)
Page 53requirements.
Power Allocation for the PDSCH
type A :during a symbol period

when there is no reference signal.
type B :during a symbol period
when there are reference signals.
PA=EA/ERS
ρa = EA/ERS ， ρb = EB/ERS
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Power Allocation for the PDCCH
eNB
Large Tx power on PDCCH
to control the Bler
convergence the Bler target
Small Tx power on UE#2
PDCCH to control the
Bler convergence the PDCCH Power and CCE UE#3
Bler target combined design to improve
the PDCCH capacity and to
UE#1 control the Bler convergence
the Bler target
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SEMICONDUCTOR Page 55 Page 55
Indicates the reference signal
ReferenceSignalPwr Reference signal power None LST PDSCHCFG
power of the cell
Indicates the PA when the power

control for the PDSCH is
disabled, the downlink ICIC is
PaPcOff PA for even power distribution Dual-antenna or four-antenna: -3 LST CELLDLPCPDSCHPA
disabled, and the even power
dB,Single antenna: 0 dB
distribution is used for the
PDSCH
Indicates the scaling factor index

of the Energy Per Resource
Element (EPRE) on the PDSCH. Single-antenna: 0; double-
Pb Pb LST PDSCHCFG
This scaling factor is determined antenna: 1
by the value of this parameter
and the antenna port.
Indicates the switches used to PdschSpsPcSwitch:Off

Downlink power control algorithm enable or disable power control PhichInnerLoopPcSwitch:Off
DlPcAlgoSwitch LST CELLALGOSWITCH
switch for PDSCH, PDCCH, and PdcchPcSwitch: Off (for an FDD
PHICH. cell) or On (for a TDD cell)
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Contents
 LTE Handover

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Comparing eNodeb Data With Baseline Template
1 Install OMstar, All steps in this ppt is for OmstarV500R009& V500R010
Microsoft Office
Excel Worksheet
2 On right isDummy Baseline template(Omstar) for LTE Parameter compare
3 Import this parameter template as below steps
Choose Template Management > Parameter Template Manager >

Import LTE FDD Template on the OMStar V500R009 menu bar to enable
the template import function of a specific network mode, as shown in
Figure 1.
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Comparing Enodeb Data With Baseline Template
4 After successfully Importing Baseline Template compare Configuration
parameters as below steps
Choose Parameter > LTE Config Parameters Check on the OMStar V500R009 menu
bar to enable the LTE config Parameters check function.
5 In the LTE Config Parameters Check setting dialog box, set parameters as
shown in below Figure.
Original data path: Select the eNodeB configuration
data to be checked. You can choose one or more
eNodeB configuration files to check. To select multiple
eNodeB files, put the files in a folder, and select the
folder to perform the check.
Save Path: Specify a path where you want to save the

check result.
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Comparing eNodeB Data With Baseline Template
6. Below is Summary result of Audit
7. For Changed value, we need to check for defination of different cells(Border,Inner,MRT) from
Inconsistent parameter processing records.
As in left, we can check For
BLINDHOA1A2THDRSRP we have 3 values(-
111,-96,-121) for different no. of cells
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Comparing 2 eNodeB Data With Omstar
1 Choose Parameter > LTE Config Parameters Compare on the OMStar V500R009
menu bar to enable the LTE config parameters compare function, as shown in
below Figure
2 In the LTE config parameters compare setting dialog box, set parameters as
required, as shown in Figure (1) Old File: Select an .xml configuration file of the
eNodeB to be compared.
(2) New File: Select another .xml configuration file of
the eNodeB to be compared.
(3) Output File: Select a path for saving the comparison
report.
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Comparing 2 eNodeb Data With Omstar
3 Below is outcome of the comparison
Part ADD : This part records the MO parameters that are added in the new configuration file
compared with the old configuration file.
Part MOD: This part records the MO parameters that are modified in the new configuration file
compared with the old configuration file
Part DEL : This part records the MO parameters that are deleted in the new configuration file
compared with the old configuration file
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LTE Neighbor Cell Analysis
1 For this Test, Import Configuration Files and Engineering Parameters as shown below
Right click on Configuration and Engineering parameter row and

import both required data. In Configuration data import we can select
single Enode B Data or if Multiple Enode B configuration to import then
put all Enode B Configuration files in folder and select that folder.
2 In the Analysis Task Management window, click LTE Neighboring Cell Check in
the subject tree, as shown in Figure ,enter a task name . Click Next.
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LTE Neighbor Cell Analysis
3 Select NEs about which data is to be analyzed on the NE Selecting tab page and set
parameters for neighboring cell check on the Parameters Setting tab page, as shown in
Figure . Click Next
4 Result will be like below different categories check In this test, we can find:
a)Over distance neighbors-depend on
setting of Distance threshold;
b)Too many-Few Neighbors –Depend on
settings;
c)Co-site Missing Neighbors;
d)External Neighbor cell Parameter
Consistency check;
e)One way Neighbors.
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LTE PCI Check
1 For this Test, Import Configuration Files as earlier explained
2 In the Analysis Task Management window, click LTE PCI Check in the subject tree on the
left, as shown in Figure . enter a task name. Click Next.
3 In the New Task window, select the base stations whose data is to be analyzed on the NE
Selecting tab page and set parameters for PCI checks on the Parameters Setting tab page,
as shown in Figure. Click OK.
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Thank You
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LTE Parameter Introduction and Audit

 Cell Selection and Reselection

 LTE Power Control

Category MO Parameter Name Default Value Remark

• Qrxlevmin (RSRP) is only considered here.

• Equal priorities between different RATs are not supported

• UE performs cell reselection evaluation for E-UTRAN frequencies and inter-RAT fr

Measurement Rules for Intra cell Measurements:

Cell A Very Good RF Condition Neighboring cell

Category MO Parameter Name Default Value Remark

Qmeas RSRP measurement quantity used in cell reselections.

Category MO Parameter Name Default Value Remark

Category MO Parameter Name Default Value Remark

UMTS (Low priority)

LTE (High priority)

UMTS (Low priority) signal

LTE (High priority)

• If ThreshServingLow is provided in SystemInformationBlockType3, cell reselection would

UMTS (High priority) signal

UMTS (High priority) signal

LTE (Low priority) signal

 Cell Selection and Reselection

 LTE Power Control

Idle State Connected State

Cell Reselection Handover

Intra-frequency Inter-frequency Inter-RAT

Xxx Based Trigger Measurement Handling

RRC Reconfiguration Message

• The measurement configuration consists of measurement identities,

MeasBandWidth Indicates the measurement bandwidth for

QoffsetFreq Indicates the frequency offset of the inter-

PresenceAntenn Indicates whether all of the inter-frequency

A2-1(Entering): Ms+Hys<Thresh A2 used to trigger the Inter-Freq or Inter-RAT

S-cell=serving cell,N-cell=neighbor cell

Measurement Decision Execution

A3-2 (Leaving condition):

Mn :neighboring cell measurement result;

A3 measurement of inter-RAT handover is similar to

Indicates the hysteresis for inter-frequency

Indicates the time-to-trigger for inter-frequency

Indicates the hysteresis for event A4. This parameter

GUI value range: -141~-

GUI value range: -141~-

Indicates the event to trigger inter-frequency

Stop measuring when Event A1 is met Reservation Mechanism in source

Gap assisted measurement

GUI value range: 0ms, 40ms,

Indicates the quantity used to evaluate the triggering condition for

Indicates the RSRP threshold for inter-

GUI value range:

Indicates the RSCP threshold for event

Indicates the time-to-trigger for event

 Cell Selection and Reselection

 LTE Power Control

 LTE Parameter Audit

• Ensuring quality of service

• Lowering power consumption

• Expanding coverage and capacity

Uplink power control is performed on uplink physical signals, t

PMSG 3  min{ PCMAX , 10 log( M PUSCH ( i ))  PO_pre   PREAMBLE _ Msg 3  PL   TF   msg 2 }

P CMAX is the maximum allowed transmit power.

M PUSCH is the number of physical resource blocks (PRB) allocated.

 step is the ramping step in power ramping of the