0 evaluări0% au considerat acest document util (0 voturi)
167 vizualizări58 pagini
Physical therapy has its origins in ancient practices from various cultures involving exercise, massage, and water/bath therapies to treat musculoskeletal ailments. It was further developed in the 19th century with the formalization of medical gymnastics and establishment of training institutions. Modern physical therapy was established in the late 19th/early 20th centuries with the treatment of polio, soldiers in WWI, and the opening of early training schools. It continued to professionalize and gain recognition in the 1920s.
Physical therapy has its origins in ancient practices from various cultures involving exercise, massage, and water/bath therapies to treat musculoskeletal ailments. It was further developed in the 19th century with the formalization of medical gymnastics and establishment of training institutions. Modern physical therapy was established in the late 19th/early 20th centuries with the treatment of polio, soldiers in WWI, and the opening of early training schools. It continued to professionalize and gain recognition in the 1920s.
Physical therapy has its origins in ancient practices from various cultures involving exercise, massage, and water/bath therapies to treat musculoskeletal ailments. It was further developed in the 19th century with the formalization of medical gymnastics and establishment of training institutions. Modern physical therapy was established in the late 19th/early 20th centuries with the treatment of polio, soldiers in WWI, and the opening of early training schools. It continued to professionalize and gain recognition in the 1920s.
Teachers Teachersopen openthe thedoor, door,but but you youmust mustenter enterby byyourself yourself • Lord Shiva is usually known for His third eye. • The eye which emits flames and burns things to ashes. • may be it was the beginning of Lasertherapy. • From its beginnings “by a small band of daring young reconstruction Aide /technicians,” the physical therapy profession today boasts confident, accomplished, professional practitioners on the cutting edge of health care. • Physical therapy concentrates on the psychological, physical, emotional and social well being of a person. The treatment aims to develop, restore and maintain maximum movement and functional ability. The treatment was formulated a couple of centuries ago. • Today, it is undertaken to cure almost every ailment and injuries related to the bones, muscles and joints. A person undergoing physiotherapy is guaranteed to find relief over time. If we go back to the history and origin of physical therapy, we see that the treatment has been existence since the ancient period. • A confluence of events and developments around the world over centuries of time led to the formal recognition of physical therapy as a health care profession in the second decade of the 20th century. The development and use of the interventions commonly applied by physical therapists today, including exercise, massage and mobilization of tissues, heat, cold, water, and electricity, • dates back to Greek culture and Hippocrates’ influence as the father of Western medicine. In the 1500s, 1600s, and 1700s in Europe, the use of exercise to treat muscle and bone disorders and disabilities progressed, and by the 1800s exercise and muscle re-education were being used for a variety of orthopedic diseases and injuries • Physiotherapy dates back to 250 AD, when gold fish was used for pain relief in gout and headache cases. • In prehistoric era, Buddhists and Hindus recognised "pain as a sensation" but gave greater importance to its emotional aspects. • Non-invasive methods were used for pain relief. • Today's physiotherapists also use non-invasive, electro-therapy modalities for pain relief. • A very long time physical culture is used as a prophylactic and therapeutic agent in various diseases. • Even in ancient times was used for health promotion exercise, sauna (bath), massage, hydrotherapy, diet and other means. • For example, in ancient India, China and Egypt bad joint mobility treated by stretching, massage and water therapy. • In ancient Indian surgeon Sushruta in his practice applies physical exercises, breathing exercises, as well as massage. • yogis have used at least 800 of Asanas and breathing exercises, most of all - for holding your breath. • these exercises are preventive and treat disease. • Chinese doctor In the book «Cong-fou» (3000 BC) describes the active, passive and combined exercises and massage. • Scientists suggest that preventive medicine is the birth place of ancient China. • Chinese believed the most important aspect of disease prevention medicine. • Aphorism is “doctor is not he who heals the sick, BUT he who prevents the disease" came up with the Chinese. • In ancient China, in almost every province has a medical-school gym, where trained doctors - taosse "who knew the technique of therapeutic exercises and massage are worked • Greek surgeon Antilos was the author of works about the gym. In ancient Rome, usually bodily exercise, massage and water procedures involved in the baths. • Ancient Egyptian doctors treated rheumatism with physical exercise, massage, diet, • Ancient Rome, therapeutic exercise was particularly well developed. K. Galen used the gym for the treatment and prevention of diseases of bone and muscular systems. • In its edition of "The Art of return to health" K. Galen said: "Thousands and thousands of times I was returning health to the patient through exercise." • The ancient form of modern physical therapy, or physiotherapy, dates back to 460 BC, when Hippocrates and Hector used massage and hydrotherapy (water therapy) to treat their patients. • Abu Ali ibn Sina (Avicenna) in his book "Canon of Medicine" and "Book of Healing" describes in detail the treatment and prevention of various diseases with the help of medical gymnastics, water treatment, diet, etc. • In the middle Ages, occupations physiotherapy, massage and bath has been given too little attention and they were virtually forgotten. • In 1573 published the first textbook on gymnastics Merkuriasa "The Art of Gymnastics". • German Dr. F. Hoffmann (1660-1742) developed a very popular non-standard treatment system which takes a significant share of the use of rubbing, diet, massage, physiotherapy, etc. Convincing his aphorism: "The movement – is the best treatment for the body." • Hoffman wrote a guide, "Mechanotherapy” describes the principles of massage and medical gymnastics to get rid of various diseases. • In 1771 published a textbook in two volumes in orthopedics, which are described in detail gymnastics, massage, diet, etc. • In 1780 the published work of Tissot "Medical gymnastics, or exercise of human organs under the laws of physiology, hygiene and therapeutics, • it sets out descriptions of various physical exercises, massage (rubbing) as well as their use for treating all sorts of diseases. • Physical exercise for therapeutic purposes in Russia began to be used in the 18th century. • The earliest documented origins of actual physical therapy as a professional group date back to Per Henrik Ling, “Father of Swedish Gymnastics,” who founded the Royal Central Institute of Gymnastics (RCIG) in 1813 for massage, manipulation, and exercise. • The Swedish word for physical therapist is sjukgymnast = someone involved in gymnastics for those who are ill. • 1864 - the Swede T. Brandt developed a system of therapeutic exercise and massage to treat patients with gynecological diseases. • 1881 - the German Ertel suggested a method of climbing in mountainous terrain for the treatment of diseases of the heart and blood vessels. • 1884 - Schott developed exercises for heart patients, which was based on resistance exercises. • 1889 - a Swiss doctor Frenkel proposed a set of compensatory gymnastics for the treatment of ataxia, paralysis, paresis, and other diseases of the nervous system. (Frenkel’s exs for balance) • 1887 - PTs were given official registration by Sweden’s National Board of Health and Welfare • However, the actual physical therapy, which is practiced today, was formulated in 1894, when a group of four nurses in Great Britain established the Chartered Society of Physiotherapy. • Formal training programs were soon started by other countries, following the treatment formulated by the Chartered Society. • At the beginning of the second half of the 19th century Russian doctors have proven therapeutic effect dose of exercise, so that GI Sokolsky, recommending walking as a therapeutic agent, • or AI Polunin, declared that exercises not only trains, strengthens the body and prevents the development of the disease, but apart from that it cures the disease • Development of national science and culture in the 19th century particularly in the second half influenced the development of the science of physical education at promoting physical methods of treatment, especially increased interest in medical gymnastics, massage, Mechano-therapy, hydrotherapy. • 1913 - The School of Physiotherapy, established by the University of Otago in New Zealand. • 1914 - Reed College in Portland (Oregon), are the early examples of the institutions that taught physical therapy. • • Modern physical therapy was established in Britain towards the end of the 19th century. Soon following American orthopedic surgeons began treating children with disabilities and began employing women trained in physical education, massage, and remedial exercise. • These treatments were applied and promoted further during the Polio outbreak of 1916. • When the polio epidemic became widespread in the United States in 1916, the need for muscle testing and muscle re-education to restore function grew dramatically. • The United States entered World War I by declaring war on Germany in 1917, and the Army recognized the need to rehabilitate soldiers injured in the war. • As a result, a special unit of the Army Medical Department, the Division of Special Hospitals and Physical reconstruction developed. • From 1917 to 1918, the therapy was performed widely, to cure and restore physical function to injured soldiers in the World War I. And the field of physical therapy was institutionalized. • The treatment was considered as 'rehabilitation therapy' during that time. The people who were employed to provide aid to the injured patients were named 'reconstruction aides'. • They were trained nurses' who had the knowledge of physical education and massage therapy • The first school of physical therapy was established at Walter Reed Army Hospital in Washington D.C. following the outbreak of World War I. • During the 1920s the partnership of physical therapists with the medical and surgical communities grew, and the profession of physical therapy gained public recognition and validation. • The year 1921 holds significance in the history of physical therapy. • A research paper on the therapy was published in the PT Review, in March 1921, in the United States. • It was during this time that Mary McMillan, the first physical therapy aide, established the American Women's Physical Therapeutic Association. • The organization's name was later on changed to the Americn Physical Therapy Association (APTA). • Due to her significant contribution in the reconstruction aide services, • Mary McMillan came to be known as the 'Mother of Physical Therapy' • 1930s the polio epidemic continued, and the United States’ involvement in World War II at the end of the decade resulted in additional wounded soldiers to rehabilitate • Wounded veterans who returned home with amputations, burns, cold injuries, wounds, fractures, and nerve and spinal cord injuries required the attention of physical therapists in the first half of the 1940s, with WW II at its peak. • In 1946 Congress adopted the Hill Burton Act to build hospitals across the country and increase public access to hospitals and health care facilities. • This legislative action resulted in an increase in hospital-based practice for physical therapists and an increased demand for physical therapy services. • Due to the increased need for physical therapists and the discontinuation of the army based schools after the war, APTA recognized the need to educate more physical therapists. • The Schools Section of APTA made recommendations about admissions, curricula, education, and administration of physical therapy programs, and APTA embarked on an effort to encourage more universities and medical schools to create programs and expand existing programs, including creating opportunities for graduate-level education • Practice in the 1950s continued to be influenced by war, as the Korean War began in 1950, and by the polio epidemic, which continued to rage. • Research that had been initiated in earnest in the 1940s finally paid off with the development of the Salk vaccine, eradicating polio in the United States by the early 1960s India free from polio in March 27 , 2014 • Although individuals who had contacted polio prior to the vaccine continued to need physical therapy treatment, the profession could turn its focus to the rehabilitation of other disabilities as a result of the widespread use of the Salk vaccine and the growth in the availability of physical therapists • Specialization for physiotherapy (physical therapy) in the U.S. occurred in 1974, in orthopedic branch. Research papers were published Indian history • Physical therapists have been involved with the Indian Health Service (IHS) since the 1950s • are classified as “allied health providers.” Physical therapists provide a full range of culturally sensitive services within IHS, including community outreach, preventive education, and athletic programs. • 1952 - Foundation for physiotherapy profession in India was laid following a major epidemic of Poliomyelitis in Mumbai. • 1953 – first Physiotherapy School and centre at KEM hospital started. • It was first in south east Asia. • A joint venture of GOI, Gov of Maharashtra, Bombay Municipal Corporation with technical assistance from WHO. • Mr R,l,Jocques from UK and Mrs Pege Mehta from USA were deputed by WHO as experts. • 1953 – 2 years Diploma course in Physiotherapy started at KEM. • 1954 – Physiotherapy department started at sayaji hospital, Baroda. • 1955 – establishment of IAP • 1956 – Syllabus and exam pattern changed. • 1965 – IAP recomposed by WCPT • 1965 – India- Pakistan war - • 1966 - Army medical rehabilitation centre at Pune following war was started. • 1967 – IAP represented in international congress of WCPT in Australia. • 1967 – 2 years degree - B.sc in physical therapy from Bombay university • 1968 – 69 – 1st degree college in Gujarat - India - School of Physiotherapy at Baroda started with WHO under MS university Baroda with 10 students. • It is 5th college in India, others at KEM, Nagpur, valor, Delhi. • 1977 – 3 years and 6 months internship of basic degree programme started. • 1978 - Master degree introduced first time in India at KEM. • Nagpur university was first to introduced 4 years and six months internship course followed by Mumbai and Manipal university. • 1992 – Intake increased to 28 at MS University. • 1992 – 2nd college of physiotherapy in Gujarat at Ahmadabad civil hospital under Gujarat university started. • • 2006 – 07 - In Gujarat MPT course started at school of physiotherapy, Gujarat university. • 2011 – MPT course started at school of physiotherapy, MS University. • 1980 - Further development in the field of physiotherapy was recorded when the use of computers became prevalent in Medical Science. • Various devices, such as electrical stimulators, were introduced for practicing physiotherapy, which increased the effectiveness of the treatment • Physical therapist practice in the neuromuscular area developed significantly during the 1960s, influenced by the work of Margaret Rood, Margaret Knott, Dorothy Voss, Signe Brunnström, and Berta and Karl Bobath, who developed techniques for adults with stroke, cerebral palsy, and other disorders of the central nervous system • The cardiovascular/pulmonary area of practice also developed during this time, as advancements in medicine such as open heart surgery became more commonly practiced. • In the orthopedic practice arena, total joint replacements developed in the 1960s created an additional need for postoperative physical therapy and introduced new options for patients with severe joint restrictions to live more independent and pain-free lives. • Having relied primarily on exercise, massage, functional training, water (hot and cold), heat (heat lamps, paraffin baths, diathermy), simple electrotherapeutic modalities, and assistive devices and equipment (wheelchairs, splints/ braces, ambulatory aids) to address patient needs up until the 1950s • physical therapists found new opportunities and more options to improve patient function with developments in interventions between 1950 and 2000. • Technological advances provided new testing methodologies with more objective outcome measures, and new intervention methodologies expanded practice and the types of diseases and conditions that physical therapy could positively influence Physiotherapy Today • An independent health care profession for all the age groups from neonatal to geriatrics. • The task of early intervention in neonatal cases is taken over by a physiotherapist, new born babies with birth defects are evaluated and treated, which helps in minimizing disabilities and helps in early ambulation. • Woman's wellness, maintaining healthy lifestyle after menopause needs attention. Common problems are: obesity, Arthritis, incontinence of urine, fatigue, aches & pains in joints etc • Pain management in acute & chronic cases is managed by physiotherapists • Physiotherapy has spread its wings in all branches of medical science therefore no hospital can run without a physiotherapy department. • Sports physiotherapy is becoming popular among the young physiotherapists. • In fact special post-graduate courses are conducted by the association, to promote this new emerging avenue of physiotherapy. • Industrial physiotherapy deals with ergonomics and safety measures. Guidance on work positions etc. is given by physiotherapists • Manipulative Therapy is gaining momentum due to its instant relief in pain and increase in range of motion. Special training is required before practicing this technique Physiotherapy Tomorrow • Moving ahead and looking forward to add life to years on earth as well as in space. • There is scope for physiotherapy even in space where there is a high possibility of gravity related injury. • Back pain, muscle strain and headache are common in space-craft. • Micro-gravity induces calcium loss from bones. But assessment of the limbs or back is difficult in space • The future of physiotherapy for the astronauts in space is promising. • Physiotherapists can help "body positioning", and exercises for micro- gravity posture DIFFERENCE • Vast difference in physiotherapy practice abroad and India. • Funds and facilities • Ethical practice • Research • Documentation • records Thank you COMING TOGETHER IS BEGINNING KEEPING TOGETHER IS PROGRESS WORKING TOGETHER IS SUCCESS By HENRY FORD