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SYSTEM
CHAPTER #
3
Introduction to Computing
Computer System
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System
A group or combination of interrelated, interdependent, or
interacting elements forming a collective entity.
Computer System
A functionally related group of elements, especially a
network of related computer hardware, software and data
transmission.
So a system of one or more computers and associated
software with common storage
Input
it is the process of accepting data or information
Processing
it is the transformation process to convert the input into output
the way that a computer manipulates data
Output
it is the result produced by the computer
it is the outcome of the process
Storing
it is the process of storing or retaining the data or information or
instructions, so that the user can retain and retrieve it whenever required
Controlling
it is the process of directing the manner and sequence in which all the
operations are to be performed
Chapter # 3 Introduction to Computing 4
Basic Operations of Computer
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Users
are the people operating the computer
are the most important part
tell the computer what to do
In fact the user is a critical part of a complete computer system,
especially when a personal computer is involved
this may seem surprising, since we tend to think of computer as intelligent
devices, capable of performing amazing tasks
People also sometimes believe that computer can think and make
decisions, just like human do
but this is not the case
even the most powerful supercomputer requires human interaction for
solving problems.
When working with a personal computer, the user can take on several
roles, depending on what he or she wants to accomplish
Chapter # 3 Introduction to Computing 10
Components of Computer Systems (Data)
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Data
Pieces of information
Computer organize and present data
Data is collection of facts as values or measurements.
It can be numbers, words, observations or even just description of things
This information may be in the form of
Text documents
Images
Audio clips
Software programs, or other types of data
Communications devices perform both input and output functions,
allowing computers to share information
In a computer, data consists of small pieces of information that, by
themselves, may not make sense to a person
The computer manipulates data into useful information
Chapter # 3 Introduction to Computing 11
Components of Computer Systems (Hardware)
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Device drivers
They provides basic functionality to operate and control the hardware
connected to or built into the computer
Operating system
It allows the parts of a computer to work together by performing tasks like
transferring data between memory and disks or rendering output onto a
display device
e.g. Microsoft Windows, Mac OS X and Linux
It also provides a platform to run high-level system software and application
software
Utility software
it helps to analyze, configure, optimize and maintain the computer
Software Development Tools
like a compiler, linker or debugger
BIOS
Chapter # 3 Introduction to Computing 23
Operating Systems
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(operating system)
3) An executable
program is
created
1) A programmer writes
a computer program
2) The compiler translates
the program into a form
that the computer can
understand