INDUSTRIAL SAFETY &

ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING
KUNDAN KUMAR
Research Assistant
Institute of Environmental Engineering & Management
Mehran University of Engineering and Technology Jamshoro 1
BASICS OF ACCIDENT, ACCIDENT
PREVENTION, CONTROL &
INVESTIGATION

2
Accident?
Contents Investigate

Types of
Accidents
Accident
Prevention
Causes of
Accidents
Types Of
Accident Cost

3
WHAT IS AN INCIDENT ???

“Unplanned and unwanted event

which disrupts the work process
and has the potential of resulting
in injury, harm, or damage to
persons or property”.
WHAT IS AN ACCIDENT???

“Unplanned, unwanted, but

controllable event which disrupts
the work process and causes injury
to people”.
 WHAT IS AN INDUSTRIAL ACCIDENT???
• According to Factory Act of 1948 it is define as
“An occurrence in industrial establishment
causing bodily injury to a person which makes
him unfit to resume his duties in the next 48
hours”.
• For instance, In an organization a person / labour
while working receiving an electric current, a
labour cut his finger from machine, blast in
chemical industry because of various reasons, fired
in textile section etc..
• These are all the example of industrial accidents.
 TYPES OF ACCIDENTS
1- ACCORDING TO LENGTH OF
RECOVERY

FIRST AID LOST TIME HOME CASE ACCIDENTS

ACCIDENTS ACCIDENTS Worker loses
Here these worker Here worker loses a remainder of shifts or
day or shift in turn on which the
receives first aid which accidents
at plant hospital occur. accidents has occurred
and then return Compensation is
to the job. given to the
 2. ACCORDING TO THE NATURE OF
INJURY

FATAL ACCDIENTS TEMPORARY PERMANENT

It includes the DISABLEMENT DISABLEMENT
accidents that Accident that reduces An accident that
could result in the the earning capacity reduces completely
death of the of an employee when reduces the earning
injured worker. he engaged in the capacity of an
injury. employee…..!!!!
 3. ACCORDING TO CAUSES OF
EVENT

Machine Accidents Non Machine Accidents

 Contact  Tripping over obstacles on ground
 Impact  Slipping due to oil and greases
 Trap  Running inside the shop
 Ejection of particles  Leaning from ladder to reach the
object
 NATURE/ EFFECTS OF
ACCIDENTS
The Nature Of Accidents May Vary From Industry To Industry. An Employee May Fall
From Height While Engage In Particular Job, Or May Be Caught On Machine While
Working & Injure Employee. These Results In Disablement Or Death.
Permane
DISABLEME nt
NT Temporary
Disablity ,Pain
I -INJURY Suffering
D- To Equipment, Buildings
, etc
DAMAGE
of life ,output ,time,
L –LOSE
-
profit , etc
Following Injury, Death,
EMOTIO Pain
N
E
 CAUSES OF ACCIDENTS
• Accident do not have any single cause. These are the result of
combination of factors which may vary from situation to situation.

• It is possible to classify accident causes under the headings

P Plant, eg; A faulty layout, electrical and chemical hazard etc

Equipment, eg; a defective guard ,incorrect equipment.
E Enviornment, eg; High noise, insufficient light and ventilation
People, eg; Careless ,untrained, overstressed
E Systems of work, eg; Poor procedure , Bad Housekeeping
 CAUSES OF ACCIDENTS
Unsafe condition
 Improperly guarded equipment
 Inadequate warning system
 Poor Ventilation system
 Fire and Explosive hazard
 Improper plant layout
 Congestion of workplace
 Hazardous atmospheric conditions
 Poor Housekeeping
 Excessive noise and Radiation
explosure
Unsafe
act
Operating equipment at improper
speed
 Operating equipment without
authority
 Using equipment improperly
 Engaging with gambling
 Use of alcohols by employees
 Improper loading and placement
of equipment
 Improper lifting and taking
improper position
 Using Defective equipment
 CAUSES OF ACCIDENTS

Other Causes
 Excessively long duration of work
 Harsh and domineering behavior of the management
 Feeling of Job, insecurity among workers
 Defective or reduced vision of workers
 Lack of Proper inspection and Supervision
 Smog in the atmosphere
 Inexperienced workers generally sustain injuries than
experienced workers
 Martial Status of workers
 Leadership style adopted by management in the
organization
 TYPES OF ACCIDENT COST

Direct Cost Indirect Cost

 Medical Expenses  Lost time of injured person
 Cost involved in damage of  Lost time of other employees
equipment
 Cost due to loss of profit on the injured
 Cost involved based on raw materialworker
 Compensation paid to injured person Cost of time spent by First Aid
attendant and hospital staff
 Lost time of Foreman,
Supervisor &
other executive
 ACCIDENT PREVENTION
Accident prevention may be define as “an integrated
program , a series of coordinated activities, directed to the
control unsafe personal performance and unsafe mechanical
condition”
It depends on three E’s
Engineering: Job to be engineered for
safety

Thre Education: Employees should be educated procedur

e in safe es
E’s
Enforcement: Safety rules should be properly
enforced
STEPS IN ACCIDENT PREVENTION

1.Monitoring 2.Collection of data 3.Analyzing Data

STEPS IN ACCIDENT PREVENTION

4. Select Remedy 5.Apply the Remedy

 WHY INVESTIGATE?

Prevent future accidents.

Identify and eliminate hazards.

Expose deficiencies in process and/or equipment.

You lose money when regular work stops.

 Maintain worker morale.

The rule requires you to investigate serious accidents.

 HOW TO INVESTIGATE

Develop a plan
 HOW TO INVESTIGATE
• Assemble an investigation kit

• Investigate all incidents and accidents

immediately

• Collect facts
 HOW TO INVESTIGATE

Interview witnesses
 HOW TO INVESTIGATE

Write a report
 TIPS FOR DEVELOPING A
PLAN

Develop your action plan ahead of time.

Your plan might include:

Who to notify in the workplace?

How to notify outside agencies?

Who will conduct the internal investigation?

 TIPS FOR DEVELOPING A
PLAN

What level of training is needed?

Who receives report?

Who decides what corrections will be taken and when?

Who writes report and performs follow up?

WHAT SHOULD BE IN THE
“INVESTIGATION KIT”
Camera equipment First aid kit
Tape recorder Gloves
Tape measure Large envelopes
High visibility tape Report forms
Scissors Graph paper
Sample containers with labels Scotch tape
Personal protective equipment
 INVESTIGATE ALL
ACCIDENTS

Conduct and document an investigation that answers:

Who was present?

What activities were occurring?

What happened?

Where and what time?

Why did it happen?

 INVESTIGATE ALL
ACCIDENTS

Also answer:

Is this a company or industry-recognized hazard?

Has the company taken previous action to control this

hazard?
What are those actions?

Is this a training issue?

 BEGIN INVESTIGATIONS
IMMEDIATELY

It’s crucial to collect evidence and interview witnesses as soon as possible

because evidence will disappear and people will forget.
 HOW DO YOU
INVESTIGATE?

Notify individuals according to your “plan”

You must involve an employee representative, the immediate

supervisor, and other people with knowledge

Grab your “investigation kit”

Approach the scene

ACTIONS AT THE ACCIDENT SCENE

Check for danger

Help the injured

Secure the scene

Identify and separate witnesses

Gather the facts

 FACT
FINDING
Witnesses and physical evidence

Employees/other witnesses

Position of tools and equipment

Equipment operation logs, charts, records

Equipment identification numbers

 FACT
FINDING

Take notes on environmental conditions, air quality

Take samples

Note housekeeping and general working environment

Note floor or surface condition

Take many pictures

Draw the scene

 INTERVIEW
WITNESSES

Listen

Don’t blame, just get facts

Talk to witnesses as equals

Keep conversations informal

 INTERVIEW
WITNESSES

Choose a private place to talk

Ask open ended questions

Interview promptly after the incident

Ask some questions you know the answers to

 WRITE THE
REPORT

How and why did the accident happen?

A list of suspected causes and human actions

Use information gathered from sketches, photographs,

physical evidence, witness statements

 WRITE THE
REPORT
Answer the following in the report:
When and where did the accident happen?

What was the sequence of events?

Who was involved?

What injuries occurred or what equipment was damaged?

How were the employees injured?

 REPORT CONCLUSIONS

What should happen to prevent future accidents?

What resources are needed?

Who is responsible for making changes?

Who will follow up and insure implementation of corrections?

What will be future long-term procedures?

 Thank
You Very
Much