Why Projects Fail

• Lack of senior management

commitment
• Inadequate project planning
(budget, schedule, scope,
etc.)
• Absence of user involvement
• New or unfamiliar technology
• Lack of defined, clear, or
concise requirements
Why Projects Succeed
1. Sound project management
processes.
2. Senior management commitment.
3. Detailed requirements.
4. Realistic schedule.
5. Good stakeholder relationships.
6. Empowered project manager.
7. Skilled and appropriate team
members with defined roles and
responsibilities
 Project Management Institute.

 Established in 1969

 Global Organization Headquartered in Newtown

Square, Pennsylvania USA

 Codified best practices in Project Management as

PMBOK® guide
What is a Project?
Temporary
Unique products or services

A PROJECT is a temporary endeavor

undertaken to create unique products,
services or result.
Application of
Skills
Tools and Techniques

Project Management is the application

of knowledge, skills, tools and
techniques to project activities to meet
project requirements.
 Managing a Project means
 Identifying Requirements
 Setting Clear and Achievable
Objectives SCOPE

 Balancing TRIPLE Constraints

The TRIPLE QUALITY

CONSTRAINTS are
SCOPE, TIME and COST TIME COST
 Portfolio Management Organization

Program Management

Project Project Project

Management Management Management Other Work

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Program
A Program is a group of related projects
managed in a coordinated way to obtain
benefits and control not available from
managing them individually.
Program management focuses on
interdependencies of projects and
describes the best approach to achieving
program objectives
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Portfolio
A Portfolio is a collection of projects or
programs and other work that are grouped
together to facilitate effective management
of the work to meet strategic business
objectives.
Portfolio management is an approach to
centralized management of collection of
programs, portfolios and other work, to
achieve organizational goals.
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Market demand
Organizational need
Customer request
Technological advancement
Legal requirement

March 29, 2020 14

Project Management Office
 Coordinates resources
 Develops Project management methodologies, best
practices and standards
 Repository of project templates and documents
 Monitoring quality of projects

March 29, 2020 15

PMO
Application area knowledge,
General Management skills
Standards & regulations

Project manager

Understanding project
Interpersonal skills
environment

March 29, 2020 17

Application Area Knowledge
Standards and Regulations of the Area
General Management Skills
IT Skills
Budgeting Skills
Project Environment
Cultural and Social
International and Political
Physical (Ecology)

March 29, 2020 18

Interpersonal Skills
Communications Skills
Organizational and Planning Skills
Conflict Management Skills
Negotiating and Influencing Skills
Leadership and Motivating Skills
Team Building Skills
Problem Solving Skills

March 29, 2020 19

Project life spans through

Monitoring &
Initiating Planning Executing Controlling Closing

Starting the Organizing & Carrying out the Project Closing the
Project Preparing for Work Project
the Project

Phases

March 29, 2020 20

Characteristics are
 Phases are sequential
 Cost and Staffing
Low at the Start
High in Intermediate
Low at the End
Cost and Staffing

Start Intermediate End

Time
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Deliverable
A DELIVERABLE is a measurable, verifiable
work product
Phase

The completion and approval of one or more

deliverables characterizes a PROJECT
PHASE

March 29, 2020 22

1. Phases are sequential
2. Work differs from one to another
3. End of each phase, a deliverable is produced
4. Phase end deliverables are reviewed whether to
continue or to abort the phase / project

March 29, 2020 23

Both
Performed by people
Constrained by limitations
Planned, executed and controlled
Differ by
Temporary Performed by
Project people Operation
Unique Constrained by
•Unique limitations •Ongoing
•Temporary Planned, •Repetitive
Executed &
controlled

March 29, 2020 24

Identify Stakeholders
 Determine requirements and Expectations
Influences
 Positive
 Negative

Project Stakeholders are individuals and organizations

who are actively involved in the project, or whose
interests may be positively or negatively affected as a
result of project execution or successful completion
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 Project
Project
Sponsor

Project
Other Manager Customer
Stakeholders Project
Management
Team Operational
Program Management
Manager
Project Team Vendors
Portfolio & Partners
Manager

Project Stakeholders
Key Stakeholders are:
Customer
Project Manager
Performing Organization
Project Team
Project Management Team
Sponsor
Influencers (Positive and Negative)
Key Stakeholders are:
PMO
Operational Management
Vendors & Partners
Program Manager
Portfolio Manger
Other Stakeholders
Organizational culture will have a direct influence on
the success of the project
Organizational culture includes:
Values
Organizational policies and procedures
View of authority relationships
Work ethic and work hours

March 29, 2020 29

Types of Organization
 Functional
 Matrix
Weak
Balanced
Strong
 Projectized

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 Project Manager’s Authority
 Little and known as Project Coordinator / Project
Expeditor
 Resources Availability
 Little
 Control of the Project
 Functional Manager
 Project Manager’s Role
 Part-Time
 Project Management Admin Staff
 Part-Time

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 Advantages
 Clear reporting relationships
 Highly specialized expertise
 Drive for technical excellence
 Disadvantages
 Hierarchical decision and communication
processes
 Employee development opportunities limited
 PM is dependent on his personal influence
 Limitations to customer satisfaction and influence

March 29, 2020 32

 Project Manager’s Authority
 Total
 Resources Availability
 Total
 Control of the Project
 Project Manager
 Project Manager’s Role
 Full-Time
 Project Management Admin Staff
 Full-Time

March 29, 2020 33

 Advantages
 Clear accountability
 Decision making
 Customer relationships
 Disadvantages
 Focus on technical competence reduced
 Project Manager may be technical/non-technical
 Project team is dissolved at the completion of the
project

March 29, 2020 34

 Project Manager’s Authority
 Limited and known as Project Coordinator
 Resources Availability
 Limited
 Control of the Project
 Functional Manager
 Project Manager’s Role
 Part-Time
 Project Management Admin Staff
 Part-Time

March 29, 2020 35

 Project Manager’s Authority
 Low to Moderate
 Resources Availability
 Low to Moderate
 Control of the Project
 Mixed
 Project Manager’s Role
 Full-Time
 Project Management Admin Staff
 Part-Time

March 29, 2020 36

 Project Manager’s Authority
 Moderate to High
 Resources Availability
 Moderate to High
 Control of the Project
 Project Manager
 Project Manager’s Role
 Full-Time
 Project Management Admin Staff
 Full-Time

March 29, 2020 37

1. Organizational Structure
2. Organizational Culture
3. Governmental/Industry standards
4. Infrastructure
5. Existing Human Resources
6. Personnel Administration
7. Organization’s Work Authorization System
8. Marketplace conditions
9. Stakeholders’ risk tolerance
10. Project Management Information System

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1. Organizational processes, standards & procedures
2. Templates
3. Organizational communications requirements
4. Financial controls procedures
5. Issues and Defect Management procedures
6. Change control procedures
7. Risk Control procedures
8. Procedures approving and issuing work authorizations
9. Organizational knowledge base

March 29, 2020 39

To Sum up…
 We know what Project is
 We know what Project Management is
 We know what a Program and Program
Management is
 We know what Portfolio and Portfolio
Management is
 We know why projects are undertaken
 We know what Project Management Office is
 We know w hat are qualifies of a good Project
Manager
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To Sum up …
We know what Project Life Cycle is
We know the characteristics of Project Life Cycle
We know characteristics of Project Phase
We know differences between a Project and an
Operation

March 29, 2020 41

To Sum up …
 We know to identify Project Stakeholders
 We know the importance of stakeholders in
influencing the project
 We know different types of organizations and
their influences on the project
 We know what Enterprise Environmental
Factors are
 We know what Organizational Process Assets
are
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March 29, 2020 43
What is a Process?
 Activities in pre-defined sequence
 Inter-related
 Expected deliverables

A PROCESS is set of interrelated activities

that are performed to achieve pre-specified
set of products, services or results.

March 29, 2020 44

Project Manager must consider Organizational
Process Assets and Enterprise Environmental Factors
for every process
Organizational Process Assets provide guidelines and
criteria for tailoring organizational processes to the
specific needs of the project
Enterprise Environmental Factors may constrain
Project Manager’s options
Project Management Processes are
grouped into
 Initiating Process Group
 Planning Process Group
 Executing Process Group
 Monitoring & Controlling Process Group
 Closing Process Group
Initiating Process Group
 To define new project and authorizing it
Planning Process Group
 Defining objectives and selecting the best action from
alternatives for successful implementation of project
Executing Process Group
 Coordinating people and resources to implement the
plan
Monitoring & Controlling Process Group
 Ensuring the project objectives are met by measuring
and monitoring project progress
Closing Process Group
 Formalizing acceptance of the project deliverables and
bringing it to an orderly end
 Monitoring & Controlling
Process Group

Planning
Process
Initiating group Closing
Process Group Process Group

Executing
Process
Group
 Executing
Planning Process
Process Group Monitoring &
Level of Process

Group Controlling
Initiating
Interaction

Process
Process Group Closing
Group Process
Group

Start Time Finish

 Lets identify the activities at the start of a project:-
 Business needs
 Feasibility study
 Project objectives defined
 Alternative approaches
 Initial Scope Description
 Authorizing the Project
Integration
Scope
Time
Cost
Quality
Human Resources
Communication
Risk
Procurement
Ensures proper coordination among project
management process groups
Specify timely completion of the project
Required to manage the completion of the project
within budget.
Process that are involved in getting Quality product
Recruiting team members
Bringing about team coordination
Solving Risk involved in the project by analyzing them
Managing the resources
THANK YOU