VOLCANOES

Prepared by:
Ms. JOY Y. VILLAMARIN
 WHAT IS A VOLCANO?
A volcano is a rupture or opening in the
Earth’s crust through which rock fragments,
lava hot vapor, and gas escape from below the
surface.
The word “volcano” comes from Vulcano, a
island in Italy whose name has been derived
from Vulcan, the Roman God of Fire.
Volcanology is the study of volcanoes.
The volcanoes found in the Pacific Ring of
Fire.
PACIFIC RING OF FIRE
PACIFIC RING OF FIRE
PARTS OF A VOLCANO
Magma - Molten rock beneath
Earth's surface.
Parasitic Cone - A small cone-
shaped volcano formed by an
accumulation of volcanic debris.
Sill - A flat piece of rock formed
when magma hardens in a crack in
a volcano.
Vent - An opening in Earth's surface
through which volcanic materials
escape.
Flank - The side of a volcano.
Lava - Molten rock that erupts from
a volcano that solidifies as it cools.
PARTS OF A VOLCANO
Crater - Mouth of a volcano -
surrounds a volcanic vent.
Conduit - An underground passage
magma travels through.
Summit - Highest point; apex
Throat - Entrance of a volcano. The
part of the conduit that ejects lava
and volcanic ash.
Ash - Fragments of lava or rock
smaller than 2 mm in size that are
blasted into the air by volcanic
explosions.
Ash Cloud - A cloud of ash formed
by volcanic explosions.
HOW VOLCANOES FORMED?
Volcanoes formed because of convergent
and divergent plate boundaries.
Convergent Plate Boundaries
When plates converge, the part of the
lithosphere that plunges melts, creating
pockets of magma and forming
mountain ranges through which magma
rises and erupts out of a volcano.
HOW VOLCANOES FORMED?
Divergent Plate Boundaries
In the regions where plates diverge,
molten rocks rises from the mantle. It
goes up into the crack and becomes a
solid rock forming new crust. It hardens
into basalt found on the ocean floor. The
Mid-Atlantic Ridge, a long linear volcano
under the Atlantic Oceanis, is the result of
tectonic plates moving apart from each
other.
THERE ARE TWO PREDOMINANT
TYPES OF VOLCANIC ERUPTIONS:
Effusive eruptions – magma rises through the
surface and flows out of the volcano as a viscous
liquid called lava.
Explosive eruptions – magma is torn apart as it rises
and reaches the surface in pieces known as
pyroclasts.
EXPLOSIVE ERUPTIONS CAN
OCCUR WHEN:
 VOLCANIC PRODUCTS
1. Molten Rock- is the primary material
extruded. When a molten rock is below
the Earth’s surface, it is called magma.
When the molten rocks reaches the
Earth’s surface during the volcanic
eruptions, it is called lava.
2. Pyroclastic Materials- like broken
rocks, bombs, and ash that are ejected
during explosive eruptions.
 VOLCANIC PRODUCTS
3. Volcanic Bombs- are large
fragments, from the size of a pebble to
a boulder.
4. Volcanic Ash- are volcanic particles
that are sand-sized or smaller.
5. Lahar- which is ash and rainwater
combined, can cause major
devastation in low lying areas near
volcanoes.
TYPES OF VOLCANOES
1. Cinder cone volcanoes- are formed form the
finer pyroclastic material like ash and scoria.
Example: Mexico’s Paricutin and Arizona’s
Sunset Crater.
 TYPES OF VOLCANOES
2. Shield volcanoes- are broad and flat volcanoes.
Their formed can be explained by the ability of the
lava to flow at a greater distance from the volcano’s
vent.
Example: Mauna Loa in Hawaii
 TYPES OF VOLCANOES
3. Composite or Stratovolcnoes- are tall conical
mountains formed by he combination of lava flow and
layers of pyroclastic material.
Example: Mayon Volcano in the Philippines, Mt. Fuji in
Japan, and Mt. Vesuvius in Italy.
 TYPES OF VOLCANOES
4. Caldera- is a volcano that has a very large crater.
This large depression is often formed by the
withdrawal of magma underneath the surface.
Example: Taal Volcano Island in Philippines
CLASSIFICATION OF VOLCANOES

1. Active Volcanoes- are those which

have erupted in the last 10, 000 years
2. Inactive Volcanoes- have not
erupted
3. Potentially Active volcanoes- are
those which have an eruption history
between 10, 000 and 1.65 million
years.
THURSDAY AND
FRIDAY ACTIVITY
 MATERIALS
2 C2 BOTTLE (SMALL LANG - KASING LIIT NG CHANCE
NA MAGING KAYO!)
GLUE/ DOUBLE SIDED (KUNG SINO MAS MAKAPIT -
PARA DI KA NYA BITAWAN!)
CARD BOARD (KARTON – PARA PAG NAFALL KA MAY
SASALO SAYO!)
PAPER/ NEWSPAPER (KAHIT ANONG PAPEL BASTA
MAPUNAN MO LANG YUNG PAGKUKULANG NIYA!)
PAINT- BROWN (PARA MAGKAKULAY AT
MAGKABUHAY NAMAN YUNG LOVELIFE MONG
NAMAMATAY NA)
 A VOLCANO MODEL
EACH GROUP WILL CREATE 2 VOLCANOES
C2 BOTTLE
EACH GROUP WILL
(YUNG MALIIT LANG PO)
CONSIST 4 MEMBERS
ONLY

CRAMPLED PAPER
IPA-IKOT SA VOLCANO
(PAINT PO NG
BROWN)
CARD BOARD
(KARTON)
DIYAN ITATAYO YUNG
VOLCANO
LAGYAN NG PANGALAN
SA LIKOD
A VOLCANO MODEL