Evaluation: Modified True or False

1. If I have red gummy bears and I point a green

laser to it, the green light will be transmitted.
2. Formation of rainbow is the combination of
refraction and reflection of light due to
raindrops.
3. A wilted leaf would reflect green light.
4. When you look in a plane mirror, the image
you see is virtual and inverted.
5. Among the three liquids, water, lemon juice,
and milk, the milk transmits light the most.
 LIGHT
and its properties
 CONTENTS:
• I. Characteristics of a Wave
• II. The Photoelectric effect
• III. The Particle-Wave Duality
of Light
 Emergence of Light

Sir Isaac Newton

Rene Descartes
 Emergence of Light
Rene Descartes
- - red light is more refracted than blue
light.
- Use the concept of plenum, an invisible
substance in the universe.

Plenum particles are tiny ball in

which rotates at constant speed,
once it passed through prism and
encountered slit, it changes
speed, thus emergence of colors.
 Emergence of Light
Sir Isaac Newton
- red light is the least refracted while
violet is the most refracted light.
- Refraction occurred due to difference in
mass of the colors of the light.

Particles with greater

mass and inertia will
be deflected less
when acted upon by
same force.
What is a Wave?
Wave
- defined as disturbance or continuous change
from one point to another.

2 types of Wave:
Mechanical wave
- it requires a medium in order for it to occur
Electromagnetic wave
- can happen through an empty space or
vacuum
 Wave Characteristics
• Wavelength:
 (lambda) distance between identical
points on successive waves, peaks or
troughs
• Frequency:
 (nu) number of waves that pass a
particular point in one second
• Amplitude:
the vertical distance from the midline of
waves to the top of the peak or the
bottom of the trough
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Period of wave
- the time for a
particle on
medium to make
one complete
vibrational cycle.

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 The Nature of Light
• The electromagnetic spectrum
includes many different types of
radiation.
• Visible light accounts for only a
small part of the spectrum
• Other familiar forms include:
radio waves, microwaves, X rays
• All forms of light travel in waves
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Electromagnetic Spectrum

Figure 06.01Figure 06.01

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Wave Characteristics
• Wave properties are mathematically
related as:
c = 
Where,
c = 3.00 x 108 m/s (speed of light)
 = wavelength (in meters, m)
 = frequency (s1 or hz)
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Wave Calculation
1. The wavelength of a laser pointer is reported to be
663 nm. What is the frequency of this light?
2. A yellow light emitted by a sodium vapor lamp has
a wavelength of 589 nm. What is the frequency of the
yellow light?
3. A radio station broadcasts at a frequency of 590
KHz. What is the wavelength of the radio waves?
4. A particular electromagnetic radiation was found to
have a frequency of 8.11 x 1014 Hz. What is the
wavelength of this radiation in nm? To what region of
the electromagnetic spectrum would you assign it?
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 Planck’s Quantum Theory
• 1900 - Max Planck
• Radiant energy could only be
emitted or absorbed in discrete
quantities, or quanta.
• Quantum: packets of energy

E  nh
h = Planck’s constant 6.63 x 1034 J  s
 = frequency
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 Photoelectric Effect
• Ejection of electrons from the metal’s surface
or other materials when the light shines on it.

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 Photoelectric Effect

• Albert Einstein proposed that particles of

light are really photons (packets of light
energy) and deduced that:
h = W + K.E 22
Photoelectric Effect
Dilemma caused by this theory -
is light a wave or particle?
Conclusion: Light must have
particle characteristics as
well as wave characteristics
- Particle-wave duality of
Light.
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Calculate the energy (in joules) of a photon
with a wavelength of 700.0 nm.
109
  700.0 nm X m = 7.00 10-7 m
1 nm
3.00108 m/s 14
= = 4.2910 1 s
7.00107 m

Ephoton = h
E  (6.631034 J s)(4.291014 s1 )

E  2.841019 J
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 Learning Check:
1. The work function or the energy needed to eject
an electron in cesium metal is 3.42 x 10-19 J.
a) If an incident light of frequency 1.00 x 1015 s-1 is
used to irradiate the metal, will electrons be
ejected? Show your calculations.
b) What will be the kinetic energy of the ejected
electron?

2. Calculate the wavelength (in nm) of light with

energy 7.85 x 1019 J per photon. In what region of
the electromagnetic radiation does this light fall?
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