UPPER FLOORS

Introduction

• Type of floor – influenced by design of structure.

• Supported on walls or columns; therefore have

problems of stability and strength.

• Loads – self weight, live loads, load of partitions

• Flooring material – practically the same as

ground floors.
 Classification
• Steel joist and stone or precast concrete floors

• Jack arch floors

• Reinforced cement concrete floors

• Ribbed or hollow tiled flooring

• Filler joists floors

• Precast concrete floors

• Timber floors
 Steel Joist & Stone or Precast
Concrete Floors

• Common where flagtones are available in

span of 1 to 3 m and width of 30 to 60 m.
• Precast concrete slabs can also be used.
• The slabs may be placed on lower flange
of rolled steel joists (RSJ) or on upper
flange of R.S.J. or placed directly on walls.
Spacing of RSJ – equal
to the length of stone
available.
Bearing of RSJ on wall
– should be equal to
depth of the RSJ or
width of the wall. In no
case less than half the
width of the wall.

Stone slab – placed

on lower flange
when plain ceiling is
required. Bearing
(available support)
of slab is less in this
case.
Slabs supported on
upper flange of R.S.J.
by inserting wide stone
bedding plate, called
suboti.

Slabs having length

greater than the width
of room, the slabs
directly placed on
walls.
Steel joists are not
used.
 Jack Arch Floor
• An arch of either brick or concrete.
• Supported on lower flange of R.S.J.
• RSJ spacing – 1 to 1.5 m
• Rise of arch is kept to 1/12th of span.
• Min. depth of concrete at crown – 15 cm
• The bottom of floor is not plane.
• Steel tie rods are provided at end span to bear the tension.
1.8 to 2.4 m c/c.
• The end arch is supported on wall by providing RSJ in
the wall or by fixing an angle iron or mild steel in wall
 Brick Jack Arch Floor
• Centering board – length on
upper side equal to soffit length
of arch
• Centering board – can be rest on
lower flange or with help of clips.
• Well burnt bricks, wetted and laid
on edge to form arch.
• Joints – encased in cement
mortar to prevent rusting form
lime mortar.
• Proper interlocking of successive
rings is ensured.
• Top concrete and flooring is laid
only after proper curing of
brickwork.
 Cement Concrete
Jack Arch Floor
• Arches are supported on
lower flange of R.S.J.
• 3 mm thick mild steel plate
and 12 mm dia. rods are
used for centering.
• Wooden block is used to
check the deflection of the
steel plate.
• After concrete is properly
cured and hardened,
centering is removed by first
removing the wooden block,
then the rods and plate.
 R.C.C Floors
• Most widely used floors.
• R.C.C. floors are suitably reinforced with the
steel bars which take the bending tension.
• Less self-weight, comparatively fire-proof ,damp-
proof and easily constructed.
• Types of RCC floors
• Simple slab flooring • Beam-slab flooring

• Reinforced brick flooring • Flat slab flooring

 Simple R.C.C. Slab Floor
• When length of room > 1.5 times width of room it is called one way
slab.
• Main r/f is provided in shorter direction.
• Suitable for span up to to 5 m.
• The slab is cast on timber or steel shuttering.
• Distance pieces of stones are placed below r/f to maintain the cover
of 15 mm.
• Concreting is done with M20 mix or 1:1½:3 mix.
 Simple R.C.C. Slab Floor

• When length < 1.5 width, it

is called two-way slab.
• R/f Provided in both
directions.
• Mesh reinforcement is
provided to preventing the
lifting of corners.
• Formwork and Concreting –
similar to one way slab
• For both types of slabs, the
bearing should be no less
then thickness of slab and
half the width of the wall.
 Reinforced Brick Flooring

• Compressive strength of brick is utilized to bear

the compressive stress.
• Steel bars are used to bear the tensile stress in
slab.
• Reinforcing bars are embedded in the gap
between the bricks which should in come in
contact with bricks.
• Suitable and cheap for small span floor slabs
carrying lighter loads.
Reinforced Brick Flooring
 Beam-Slab Floor

• When the width

of room is more
beam-slab floors
are used.
• The floor consist
of R.C.C. beams
and slab.
• The beams are
called T-beams.
 Flat Slab Floor
• A reinforced slab is
constructed with the
supporting columns
without any provision of
beam.
• The slab construction
may be either with or
without drop.
• Drop is the part of slab
around the column which
is of greater thickness
than the rest of slab.
 Pre-cast Concrete Floor
• Pre-cast beam-slab units are
available, using which the floors
can be constructed easily.
• There is no need of formwork
also.
• Supported on walls or R.S.J.
• These floors are sound proof, fire
proof, light weight and
economical.
• The grooves are provided on
sides to make better connection
with adjacent units.
 Timber Floors
• basically of three types:
• Single joist timber floors.(3.5 m span)
• Double joists timber floors. (3.5 to 7.5m
span)
• Framed or triple joists timber floors.(more
than 7.5 m span).