Cognitive

Errors

Annum Akram
Cognitive Errors
• Cognitive errors are simply ways that our mind
convinces us of something that isn't really true.
These inaccurate thoughts are usually used to
reinforce negative thinking or emotions — telling
ourselves things that sound rational and accurate,
but really only serve to keep us feeling bad about
ourselves.
 • Putting experiences in one of
two categories i.e. person
All or look at things in absolute
Nothing black and white category .
Thinking • I am a sinner, or I am a saint.
 • Believing that something will
always happen because it
happened once
• Because i felt uncomfortable
Ovegeneralizati once at the meeting, i don’t
on have what it takes to make
friends.”
 • Reject positive experiences
by insisting. They "don't
count" for some reason or
other. In this way you can
maintain a negative belief
that is contradicted by your
Discounting everyday experiences.
the positive
• “I did that project well, but that
doesn’t mean i’m competent; i
just got lucky.”
 • Deciding how to respond to a
situation without having all the
information.
• Quick to interpret ideas, events,
or possibilities negatively even if
Jumping to there is no support for
conclusions conclusion.

 The man/woman I am interested in

never called me back because he
thinks I’m stupid.
 • Believe you know what others
are thinking, failing to
consider other, more likely
possibilities.
Mind • He’s thinking that I don’t know
Reading the first thing about this
project.
• I know she hates my guts.
 • Anticipate that things will turn
out badly, and you feel
convinced that your
prediction is an already-
established fact.
• Believing that you can predict
Fortune a future outcome, while
telling ignoring other alternatives
• I’m going to have a panic
attack if I go out in public.
 1. Predict the future negatively
without considering other,
more likely outcomes
2. Jumping to the conclusion that
if the negative outcome did in
Catastrophizi fact happen, it would be a
ng  catastrophe.

• I’ll be so upset, I won’t be able

to function at all.
 • Believing something to be
true because it feels true.
• I am a failure because I feel
like a failure.

Emotional
Reasoning
 • Have a precise, fixed idea of
how you or others should
behave and you overestimate
how bad it is that these
expectations are not met.
• Thinking Telling yourself you
“Should” should, should not,
• It’s terrible that i made a
mistake.  I should always do
my best.
• The emotional consequence
is guilt
 • Instead of describing error,
attach a negative label to
yourself or others.
• I’m stupid (instead of “I didn’t
study for my test, and I failed
Labeling it.”)
 • Believe others are behaving
negatively because of you,
though you are not
responsible, without
considering more plausible
Personalizati explanations for their
on behavior.  
• The repairman was rude to me
because i did something
wrong.
 • Link
Video
https://www.youtube.com/watch?
v=65jiOtaFWJI
Activity – Skit
Marks - 04
The End!