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Feeds
04/07/20 1
What is Nutrition?
Nutrition is the science of dealing
with the utilization of food by the
body processes which transform
food into body tissues and energy.
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To obtain and utilize surplus or unusable feed stuffs
and convert them to desirable products such as meat,
milk, eggs, fiber and work.
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What is a Nutrient?
A single class of food or group of
like foods that aids in the support of
life and makes it possible for
animals to grow or provide energy
for physiological processes.
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Digestible Nutrient
The portion of the nutrient which
may be broken down (digested) and
absorbed and used by the body.
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The Six Nutrients Needed
• Protein
• Carbohydrates
• Fats
• Minerals
• Vitamins
• Water
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Protein is needed for the following
4. Developing antibodies
5. Transmitting DNA
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Proteins
Needed for growth and repair
Helps form muscles, internal organs,
skin, hair, wool, feathers, hoofs and
horns
Contain carbon, hydrogen, oxygen
and nitrogen
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Proteins
Complex nutrients, composed of
carbon, hydrogen, oxygen and
nitrogen
Examples of Proteins
1. Meat and Bone Meal
2. Fish Meal
3. Soybean Meal
4. Cottonseed Meal
5. Dried Skim Milk
6. Amino Acids
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Proteins
What are proteins?
Organic compounds that
are made up of amino
acids
– Needed by animals
1. Animal Proteins
– Meat and Bone Scraps
– Blood Meal
– Fish Meal
2. Vegetable Proteins
– Soybeans
– Peanut Meal
– Hay
– Pastures
Proteins
Animal Proteins Source vs. Vegetable/Plant
Protein Source
Why?
They contain a good balance of the
essential amino acids
Carbohydrates
• Furnish energy for body functions, growth
and reproduction
• The largest part of the animal’s food supply
and usually the fibrous part of the diet
• Include sugars, starch and cellulose
•Are made of carbon, oxygen and hydrogen
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Carbohydrates
Contain the chemical elements
carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen
Made up of a group of chemicals
called sugars, starches and crude
fiber
Energy Nutrients- Carbs
1. Providing energy
3. Reproduction
4. Digestion of feed
Minerals
7 Macro Minerals
– Calcium
– Phosphorus
– Sodium
– Chlorine
– Potassium
– Sulfur
– Magnesium
Minerals- Major
Calcium
Phosphorous
Minerals- Major
Sodium
Functions:
– Maintain osmotic pressure in cells
– Muscle and nerve activity
Deficiencies:
– Reduced appetite
– Rough hair coat
– Cannibalism in chickens
– Dirt eating
Minerals- Major
Calcium
Functions:
– Bone development
– Nerve and muscle function
Deficiencies:
– Rickets- in young animals bones are soft,
bend easily, and are malformed
Minerals- Major
Phosphorus
Functions:
– Bone and Teeth Development
– Appetite
Deficiencies:
– Rickets
– Stiffness in joints
– Loss of appetite
Minerals- Trace
Needed in small amounts
– Sulfur
– Magnesium
– Iron
– Iodine
– Copper
– Cobalt
– Zinc
– Manganese
– Boron
– Molybdenum
– Fluorine
– Selenium
• Are only needed in small amounts
• Are essential for life and health
• Provide a defense against disease,
promote growth and reproduction
• Contribute to the general health of
the animal
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Vitamins
– Dissolved in fat
– Dissolved in water
This Vitamin is associated
with EYESIGHT
What am I?
04/07/20 38
Vitamin A
Function:
– Vision
– Conception Rates
– Disease Resistance
Deficiencies:
– Night Blindness
– Blindness in calves
– Reproductive problems
This Vitamin is associated
with BONES
What am I?
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Vitamin D
Function:
– Bone Development
– Growth
Deficiencies:
– Rickets (young animals)
– Osteomalacia (older animals)
This Vitamin is associated
with REPRODUCTION
What am I?
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Vitamin E
Function:
– Reproduction
– Muscle Development
– E and Selenium together help immune
system
Deficiencies:
– Reproduction failure
– Muscular dystrophy
This Vitamin is associated
with BLOOD
What am I?
04/07/20 44
Vitamin K
Function:
– Blood Clotting
Deficiencies:
– Blood doesn’t clot fast
Vitamins
What are some sources of Vitamin A,D,E,K?
Yellow Corn
Cod Liver
Fish Oils
This Vitamin is associated
with TEETH/BONES
What am I?
04/07/20 47
Vitamin C
Function:
– Prevents infections
This Vitamin is associated
with APPETITE
What am I?
04/07/20 49
B- Complex
Function:
– Appetite
– Growth
– Reproduction
Vitamins
Cereal Grains
Milk
Water
2. Feces
3. Sweat
4. Milk production
Water Deficiencies
What happens if animals are deprived of
water?
1. Reduced feed consumption
– Reduces amount of feed eaten by 27%
– Reduces feed efficiency by 33%
– Reduces weight gain by 50%
2. Weight Loss
3. Water Intoxication
– 4-5 days without water animal will drink up to
50% of body weight in ½ hour
4. Death
http://www.youtube.com/w
atch?v=SAUw9GO6tgE
Questions?
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FEED
CLASSIFICATIONS
1. Roughages
2. Concentrates
3. Supplements
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ROUGHAGES
•High in fiber and relatively low in
digestible nutrients
Examples of roughages:
1. Alfalfa
2. Clover
3. Soybean
4. Oat hay
5. Corn Silage
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Concentrates
• Are low in fiber and high in
digestible nutrients
Examples of concentrates:
1. Corn
2. Cottonseed
3. Barley
4. Oats
5. Sorghum
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Supplements
• Supplements are extras that supply the body
with additional nutrients.
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Salt Copper Iron