Life and Human Origins Unit Powerpoint For Educators - Download Unit at Www. Science Powerpoint

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Start Part IV / V of an educational unit about
Change Topics in Science for
students in grades 7-10
Part I: Evolution and Natural Selection

Part II: Evolution and Natural Selection
Part III: Earth System History
Part IV: Life and Human Origins
Part V: Ecological Succession
Download the Powerpoint version of this video,

unit notes, assessments, lab handouts, review
games, videos, and much more at
www.sciencepowerpoint.com


v ED SLIDE: These are notes that are very
important and should be recorded in your
science journal.
v LACK SLIDE: Pay attention, follow
directions, complete projects as described
and answer required questions neatly.

v Keep an eye out for ³The Owl´ and raise
your hand as soon as you see him.
± He will be hiding somewhere in the slideshow
and finding him is worth something cool.
s
s

v Activity! Observing Sewer Lice
v ÿ

v Larger Cousin of (Pediculus humanus)

v Sewer Lice

v Sewer Lice
± Discovered in 2003 by Dr. Katie Matthews in
a sewer system of Cleveland, Ohio.

v Sewer Lice
± Largest of the dark colored louse.

v Sewer Lice
± Is a food source for many animals.

v Sewer Lice
± Can be found in fecal samples in the sewer.

v Sewer Lice
± Has a very fleshy mesocarp.

v Sewer Lice
± Decreases in size when dries up.

v Sewer Lice
± Decreases in size when dries up.

v Please observe and record all of the sewer lice
behaviors for a few minutes

v hat are the sewer
lice doing?

v hat are the sewer
lice doing?
v In what ways are the
sewer lice living
creatures?

v hat are the sewer
lice doing?
sewer lice living
creatures?
sewer lice not living
creatures?

v Dried up sewer lice
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v hat does it mean to be living?

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hich is not a characteristics of living
things?
v Moves
v Made of cells
v Does not use energy
v Maintains homeostasis with environment
v rows and develops
v eacts to a stimulus
v eproduces by exchanging it¶s own DNA
v It evolves over time
v Has a life span

things? Answer:
v Moves
v Made of cells
v rows and develops
v Has a life span

things? Answer:
v Moves
v Made of cells
v rows and develops
v Has a life span

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v Video! (Optional) Characteristics of Life.

How do you think life began? Please be
specific. 3-
3-5 sentence paragraph please.
- The only wrong answer is no answer at
all.

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v Some scientists believe that the rod-shaped
structures across the top and center of this
meteorite may be tiny fossilized bacteria.

v Some scientists believe that the rod-shaped
structures across the top and center of this
meteorite may be tiny fossilized bacteria.
Many other scientists believe that the
structures were formed by processes other
than life.

v Amino acids have been found within meteorites.
± Amino acids are the building blocks of proteins.

` ! * +|

v rancesco edi ± (1668)
± People believed flies spontaneously came
from meat.
± edi covered one flask, left one open to air
± Observed flies laying eggs on meat.
± lies come from flies.

from meat.
± edi covered one flask, left one open to air

from meat.
± edi covered one flask, left one open to air.

from meat.

from meat.
± lies come from flies. Life comes from life.

v Life only comes from pre-existing life. Except of
course for the first form of life. Science has
disproven but also believes in abiogenesis.

v Pasteur' s experiments (1860' s) showed
that micro-organisms are even carried in
the air.
v oth flasks boiled to sterilize Micro-organisms trapped in swan
v Open to air (broth spoils). and broth does not spoil.

the air.

the air.

the air.

the air.

v As a result (Pasteur) ± Sterilization of tools
± Helped save millions.
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v Early earth was a primeval soup.
(SPONCH soup)

v Early earth was a harsh place of extreme
temperatures and chemicals.

v Stromatolites are some of the oldest
known fossils, dating back more than 3
billion years

v ypsum Daisy: Extremely old fossil.

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v .
v This is the Apex Chert, a place in Austrialia that
contains the oldest rocks on earth. ithin these
rocks fossils have been found and dated 3.465
billion years ago.

v This is a Cyanobacteria from the Apex Chert
after staining.

v Picture of microbial life from the arberton
ormation in South Africa, of 3.4 billion years of
age.

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v Small wormlike creatures dated to 1.2 illions
years ago.

v Explosion and radiation of animals in the sea in
the Vendian Period. 605 million years ago.

v 520 million years ago during the Cambrian
Period, the oceans had a wide diversity of
animals.

v The late Ordovican.

v The Devonian Period of 375 million years ago
saw an explosion of amphibians.

v A visual timeline.
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v In 1977, Every scientists jaws dropped,
the book about how life, and ecosystems
works was dropped on it¶s head.

v An entire unknown ecosystem was found
thriving in the deepest parts of the ocean
around hydrothermal vents. A place
nobody suspected to find life.

v Life exists at«
± Temperatures are incredibly cold in the deep
ocean away from a vent.
± Temperature are incredibly hot near the
volcanic activity.
± Pressures at these depths are enormous.
± Acidic environment 2.8 pH
± There is no light.

v Life exists at«
± Temperatures that are incredibly cold in the
deep ocean.
volcanic activity.

v Life exists at«
deep ocean.
± Temperatures that are incredibly hot near the
volcanic activity.

v Life exists at«
deep ocean.
± Temperature that are incredibly hot near the
volcanic activity.
± Enormous pressures.

v Life exists at«
volcanic activity.
± Enormous pressures

v Life exists at«
volcanic activity.

5)7

6
v Even microscopic organisms at this depth
are unique.
v How does this type of ecosystem exist
without sunlight?
± here does the energy come from?
v H2S-oxidising bacteria form the base of
the ecosystem¶s food chain.
± The energy source that sustains this deep
ocean ecosystem is not sunlight, but energy
from chemical reactions (chemosynthesis).
v H2S-oxidising bacteria form the base of
the ecosystem¶s food chain.
± The energy source that sustains this deep
ocean ecosystem is not sunlight, but energy
from chemical reactions (chemosynthesis).
v Life can exist at 4030 degrees, enormous
pressure (300 atm), in acid, and all without
any sunlight.
± Could life exist on other planets?
v Video (Optional) Hydrothermal vents.
v All of human history (A blink of time)
v Video - Evolution of Everything, 15 billion years
ago to modern humans in 7 min. Enjoy!

v Video! Evolution Explained by Carl Sagan
with cool computer visuals from twenty
years ago.
v Video (Optional) The Evolution of Homer
Simpson
v http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=fa lsY
mkeY&p=4E3349223C5C13E&playnext=
1&index=12
v Try and guess the hidden picture beneath the
boxes. Please raise your hand when you think you
know.
± You only get one guess.

&

v hat is this important contraption?

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v Miller-Urey Experimented showed that amino
acids can be created from non-living elements.
These are building blocks of Proteins. (ONCH)

v The experiment did not create life!

v The experiment did not create life! It did create
some molecules that are important to life.

v The experiment did not create life! It did create
some molecules that are important to life.

v This is where time comes into play. It only took a
few months for these molecules to form the
building blocks of life.
v This is where time comes into play. It only took a
few months for these molecules to form the
building blocks of life. The Earth had billions of
years.
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v There are 10130 combinations of amino acids
that can be used to create the molecules of life.

Amino acids are building blocks, not the
assembled structure. ( NA)

v Is this the first Protocell?

v Answer: No, it is a greasy dish pan, but lipids
and fats do play an important role in cell
formation.

v Activity! Making fatty vesicles.
± orm thin layer of non-polar cooking oil over
water.
± Mix up the fat layer and describe what forms
in your journal.

v Answer! The fat layer should mix and form small
vesicles or round structures because oil (non-
polar) and water (polar) don¶t mix.
± Larger bubbles will engulf smaller bubbles.

v Video! Vesicle (bubble) formation from lipids.

v However, fatty acids are believed to have
formed the structure for the first protocells.

They are also permeable so simple
monomer units can enter.

They are also permeable so simple
monomer units can enter.

v These fatty acids expand when they are
closer to heat (hydrothermal vents)
allowing for more monomer units to enter
cell.
v These monomer units link and attach with
hydrogen, forming first primitive
nucleotide.

v These fatty acids expand when they are
closer to heat (hydrothermal vents)
allowing for more monomer units to enter
cell.
± These monomer units link and attach with
hydrogen, forming first primitive nucleotide.

v hen a large fatty vesicle meets a smaller
vesicle it engulfs it and it¶s contents. The
vesicle gets larger and more complex.

v Mutations occur within the vesicle,
mutations that favor self replication allow
that Proto-cell to continue.

that Proto-cell to continue. Evolution then
get¶s involved in the process.

get¶s involved in the process. Those
protocells that can self replicate pass on
this characteristic.

this characteristic. Small changes over
billions of years lead to new and better
replicating protocells.

this characteristic. Small changes over
billions of years lead to new and better
replicating protocells. Trillions of tiny
bacteria live your mouth, imagine a world
with trillions of tiny cells and billions of
years of change slowly.

v Lots of time + lots of chemicals + right
environmental conditions = Primitive life.

v The Key Steps to early life
± ormation of complex organic molecules.
± These are expected to be common on early
earth.
± Self-replicating systems.
± Protein synthesis.
± NA can be both genetic material and serve
the role of proteins in replication.
± Compartmentalization: the first cell.
± Microspheres offer a solution.

earth.

earth.

earth.

earth.

earth.

earth.

earth.

v hich is the wrong key step to early life?
earth.
± Quick advances lead to the first Eukaryotic
cell.

earth.
cell.

earth.
cell. (Took a billion years later)

v Video! Origins of life and Protocells.

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v hat¶s wrong with this cartoon?

v Answer! Dinosaurs and people did not
coexist. They are separated by 65 million
years of evolution.

v emember, dinosaurs went extinct about
65 million years ago.
± Mammals emerged after the KT event /
volcanic debris / and microbes that wiped out
the dinosaurs.
v emember, dinosaurs went extinct about
65 million years ago.
± Mammals emerged after the KT event /
volcanic debris / and microbes that wiped out
the dinosaurs.
v Earliest primate fossil (Ida)

± 47 million years old.

± 47 million years old.
± Early linage that may have given rise to
modern monkeys and apes.

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v Power grip.

v The power grip was believed to help human
break bones / scavenge animal remains with a
sharp pointed rock called a hand axe.
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v Vultures are a clear sign that an animal is dead.
Easily seen from a distance for early Hominids on
the dry African savannah.
v Precision grip

v Stone tools advanced to become more precision
based. Allowing early hominids to cut, and
eventually being a part of weapons such as
spears.

v Photo of Orangutang stabbing fish with spear.

v Activity! Please untie and then tie your
shoes without use of your thumbs.
± or those without laces, please organize your
binder.

` V ! . *+

v Laetoli footprints ± Dated 3.6 million years ago.
v Not bipedal!

v Activity! The teacher jumping from the table to
the floor. How may this have lead to increased
bipedalism.

v Activity! The teacher jumping from the table to
the floor. How may this have lead to increased
bipedalism.
± Africa began to dry 5-8 million years ago. The
jungle turned into Savannah. How does this change
lead to a change in hominid behavior and
physiology.

v Hominids had to travel over greater and
greater distances over time. Standing tall
allowed hominids to see over the grasses, and
traveling on two feet became easier than four.
The life in the trees became a life on the
ground.

v Lots of new evidence suggests that Africa went
through serious environmental shifts during this
period.

period.
± rom lush and wet, to dry, and then back again.

period.
± rom lush and wet, to dry, and then back again.
± This shifting was believed to have accelerated
evolution.

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v People are wrong when they assume
people came from monkeys.

v Humans are instead just a branch from a
tree which includes thousands of primates,
some still around, most have gone extinct.



v There are many connections and similarities that
people share with primates.
± Our DNA is close to 94% the same as chimpanzee.

v There are many connections and similarities that
people share with primates.
± Our DNA is close to 94% the same as chimpanzee.

v Humans are closer genetically to chimps than
horses are to zebras.

v You could get both a heart and blood
transfusion from a chimpanzee.

v You could get both a heart and blood
transfusion from a chimpanzee.
54

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v irst hominid found at Olduvai orge, in
Tanzania.
± Louis and Mary Leakey beginning in 1931

v irst hominid found at Olduvai orge, in
Tanzania.
± Louis and Mary Leakey beginning in 1931

v ust a few of the important sites where
hominids have been found.

v @

± 6-7 million years ago.

v
±

v
±
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v Named ³Lucy´

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v
v
± Meaning ³Southern Ape´
± A group split from Australopithecus to become ³homo.´
v
v The word
± Short for the word "human" from ,
v
v The word
± Short for the word "human" from ,
5
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v epeat, we are the last surviving hominid.
v epeat, we are the last surviving hominid.
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v Other hominids include
v Australopithecus africanus

v Australopithecus boisei

v Australopithecus boisei
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v Homo habilis
± 2.4 to 1.5 million years ago.

v Homo habilis
± 2.4 to 1.5 million years ago.
5
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v Homo habilis
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v The roca's area of the skull which is in charge
of speech is enlarged.

v Homo erectus
5]

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v Homo erectus
± 1.8 million and 300,000 years ago
5)

6
5 6
v Homo ergaster
± 1.7 million years.

v Homo erectus
v Homo erectus
± The first appearance of hominids outside of
Africa.
v Homo erectus
Africa.
± The first appearance of systematic hunting.
v Homo erectus
Africa.
± Tool making and use of fire.
v Homo erectus
Africa.
± irst indication of extended childhood.
v Homo erectus
Africa.
± Homo erectus was capable of a more
complex life.
v Homo erectus
Africa.
± Homo erectus was capable of a more
complex life.
v Homo neanderthalensis
v (archaic)
± 300,000 years old,

v Neanderthals were out competed by EMH
(Early Modern Humans). They were more
aggressive, and had better tools.
± Outcompeted is a fancy term for killed off.

v Neanderthals were out competed by EMH
(Early Modern Humans). They were more
aggressive, and had better tools.
± Outcompeted is a fancy term for killed off.

v lores Hobbit ± Last hominid to become
extinct by EMH.

v If you were not born in Africa, this is your
great, great, great««..randmother
named ³Eve´.

v Mitochondrial DNA and Eve.

± Mitochondrial DNA shows for everyone
outside of Africa, they share a common
mother.

mother.
± This type of DNA passes from mother to
daughter.

mother.
daughter.
± e (Not native of Africa) can all be traced
back to one Early Modern emale named
³Eve´.

mother.
daughter.
³Eve´.
± Her family group crossed into the middle east
and mothered many children whom spread
around the globe, outcompeting all other
hominids, and becoming all of the different
cultures we see today.

mother.
daughter.
³Eve´.
± Her family group crossed into the middle east
and mothered many children whom spread
around the globe, outcompeting all other
hominids, and becoming all of the different
cultures we see today.

> "
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v Homo sapien
± 195,000 years ago

v The Iceman, 5,300 Years ago.
± Tools, Clothing, Agriculture (wheat in
stomach)

v Video! rain size of hominids and skulls.
v Question
± Describe the changes in brain size over time.
v Video! Parts I and II
± orks well for intermission if doing worksheet
from the ecoming Human ebsite.
v Activity! hich brain is from an EMH (Early
Modern Human) and which is from
Australopithecus africanus

v EMH Australopithecus
(Early Modern Human) africanus

v hich skull is from Homo habilis, and which is
from Homo neanderthalensis?

v Homo neanderthalensis Homo habilis
v hich skull is from a Homo sapien and which
from Homo floresiensis?

v Homo sapien Homo floresiensis

v hich skull is Australopithecus boisei and which
is Homo erectus?

v Australopithecus boisei Homo erectus

v hich hominid skull is older? @

v @

v hich skull is the oldest, middle and youngest if
carbon dated and based on dental changes?

v Oldest

v Oldest Middle

v Oldest Middle Youngest

v hich skull is a chimpanzee and which is a
hominid?

Chimpanzee Hominid

v hich is a hominid, and which is a cartoon
character?

v Activity Sheet! ecoming Human.
v http://www.becominghuman.org/
5)
! /

6

v ecommended Video! APE enius + Sheet
(Can be found on YouTube in 6 segments
or purchase online)
± hat is it that makes us human?
± http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/nova/apegenius/

v Ape enius Links Parts 1-6
v Part I
v http://www.youtube.com/watch?v= 1Q_NaTwkc
v Part II
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=xSm Nyhm0zk
v Part III
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=wp6PA75Uo
v Part IV
v http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=oAKdeT5108Q&feature=related
v Part V
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Lzx bHoevA&feature=related
v Part VI
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=dX9LeHyZQQ&feature=related
v Try and guess the hidden picture beneath the
boxes. Please raise your hand when you think you
know.
± You only get one guess.

v Activity! Life Topics eview ame

v The Life Topics Assessment due shortly!

"|



Start Part I / V of an educational unit about


Start Part I / V of an educational unit about


v More Units Available at«
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Part I: Evolution and Natural Selection

Download the Powerpoint version of this video,

Part I: Evolution and Natural Selection

Download the Powerpoint version of this video,

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Part I: Evolution and Natural Selection

Download the Powerpoint version of this video,

Part I: Evolution and Natural Selection

Download the Powerpoint version of this video,

Part I: Evolution and Natural Selection

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