GEOMETRIC DRAWING

INTRODUCTION

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 Drawing Sheet : Standard size
A4
Trimmed paper of
a size A0 ~ A4. A3
Standard sheet size
(JIS) Japanese A2
Industrial Standard
A4 210 x 297 A1

A3 297 x 420
A2 420 x 594
A1 594 x 841
A0 841 x 1189 A0
(Dimensions in millimeters)
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 Drawing Sheet : Orientation & Margin

Border d
lines
A3 297 x 420

Drawing space

Title block
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Basic Line Types &Application
Thickness Thick Thin 1. Dimension line
2. Extension line
Visible line
Style 3. Leader line

Continuous Hidden line

Dash
Chain Center line

1. Visible line represent features that can be seen in the current view.
2. Dimension line indicate the sizes and location of
Extension line, Leader line features.
3. Hidden line represent features that can not be seen in the current view.
4. Center line represents symmetry, path of motion, centers of circles,
axis of axisymmetrical parts

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 SCALES
5

• It is basic requirement for the preparation of plan or map.

• Scale is used to represent large distances on paper.
• The ratio by which the actual length of the object is reduced
or increased in the drawing is known as the ‘Scale’
• For example., if 1 cm on a map represents a distance of 10
metres on the ground, the scale of the map is said to be 1 cm
= 10 m.
 Drawing Scales : Definition
Length,
size
Scale is a ratio between the linear dimension of a
drawn representation of an object and the actual object.

1 : 2

10

20
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Drawin 6 Actual
 Representative Fraction
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 The
 ratio of the distance on the drawing to the
corresponding actual length of the object on the ground is
known as the representative fractions. i.e..
R.F=
 Distance of the Object on Drawing

Corresponding Actual distance of object on

Ground
Both the distances are in same unit.

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 Representative Fraction
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 For example,


 If a scale is


 1 cm = 10 m


 R.F. =
 1 = 1 or 1: 1000
10 x 100 1000

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 Representative Fraction
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 For example,


 If a scale is


 1 cm = 100 m


 R.F. =
 1 = 1 or 1: 10000
100 x 100 10000

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 Representative Fraction
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 For example,


 If a scale is


 1 cm = 1000 m or 1 km


 R.F.
 = 1 = 1 or 1: 100000
1 x 1000x 100 100000

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 Drawing Scales : Designation

Designation of a scale consists of the word “SCALE”

followed by the indication of its ratio, as follows

SCALE 1:1 for full size

SCALE X:1 (X > 1) for an enlargement scales
SCALE 1:X (X > 1) for a reduction scales

Drawing scale is commonly found in a title block.

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Drawing Scales : Standard scale

Standard reducing scales are

1:2, 1:5, 1:10, 1:20, 1:50, 1:100

Standard enlarging scales are

2:1, 5:1, 10:1, 20:1, 50:1, 100:1

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 Types of Scales
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 (a) Plain Scale



 (b) Diagonal Scale



 (c) Vernier Scale



 (d) Comparative Scale



 (e) Isometric Scale



 (f) Chord Scale



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