WIENER FILTER

Udit Pratap
Mtech Cse
 INTRODUCTION
• The Wiener filter was proposed by Norbert
Wiener in 1940.
• It was published in 1949
• Its purpose is to reduce the amount of a noise
in a signal.
• This is done by comparing the received signal
with a estimation of a desired noiseless signal.
• Wiener filter is not an adaptive filter as it
assumes input to be stationery.
 DESCRIPTION
• It takes a statistical approach to solve its goal
• Goal of the filter is to remove the noise from a
signal
• Before implementation of the filter it is assumed
that the user knows the spectral properties of the
original signal and noise.
• Spectral properties like the power functions for
both the original signal and noise.
• And the resultant signal required is as close to
the original signal
 DESCRIPTION
• Signal and noise are both linear
stochastic processes with known
spectral properties.
• The aim of the process is to have minimum
mean- square error
• That is, the difference between the original
signal and the new signal should be as less as
possible.
Important Equations
• Considering we need to design a wiener filter
in frequency domain as W(u,v)
• Restored image will be given as;

Xn(u,v) = W(u,v).Y(u,v)

• Where Y(u,v) is the received signal and Xn(u,v) is

the restored image
• We choose W(k,l) to minimize:

e2 = E {(f − fˆ)2 }

Obtained from [1]

• Where the equation represents the mean

square error.
• The wiener filter can be represented by
the equation:
• Obtained from
[1]
• H(u,v) = degradation function
• |H(u,v)|^2 = H*(u,v)H(u,v)
• H*(u,v) = complex conjugate of H(u,v)
• Sn(u,v) = |N(u,v)|^2 power spectrum of
noise
• Sf(u,v) = |F(u,v)|^2 power spectrum
of undegraded image
. G(u,v) is the transform of the
degraded image.
Important Equations
• The signal to noise ration can be
approximated using the following equation:

M −1 N −1

∑ ∑ F(u,v)
u =0 v =0
2

SNR =
M −1 N −1

∑ ∑ N(u, v) 2

u =0 v =0

Obtained from [1]

• Low noise gives high SNR and High noise gives

Low SNR. The value is a good metric used in
characterizing the performance of restoration
algorithm
• The MSE in statistical form can be calculated
as:

•If restored signal is considered as signal and difference between the

restored and degraded as the noise, then we can obtain SNR in spatial
domain M −1 N −1

∑ ∑ f ˆ (x,
SNR = M − 1 N y−)1
2

x =0 y = 0 ˆ 
∑ ∑
x =0 y =0  f ( x , y ) − f 2
Obtained from
( x[1]
, y)
• But it is sometimes hard to estimate the power
spectrum of either the un-degraded image or
the noise.
• In that case we assume a constant K, that is
then added to all terms of H|(u,v)|^2
• The new equation in that case becomes:
 Working Example 1
• We apply the filter to the following set of
images

1 obtained from [1] 2

Obtained from [1]

• We reduce the noise variance (noise

power):

3 obtained 4 obtained from

from[1] [1]
• We decrease the noise variance even
further:

5 obtained from [1] 6 obtained

from [1]

• As we can see A wiener filter does a very good

job at deblurring of an image and reducing the
noise.
 Example 2
• The problem is to estimate the power spectrum
of noise and even more difficult is to estimate
the power spectrum of the image.
• We know that most of the images have
similar power spectrum.
• We take two images and calculate their
individual power spectrum
• The images derived are obtained from [2]
Obtained from
[2]
• We calculate the power spectrum of each
image:

Obtained from
[2]
• If we restore the cameraman image using its
own power spectrum, the image will look like
this:

Obtained from
[2]
• But we use the power spectrum obtained from
the house image, the restored image will look
like this:

Obtained from
[2]
• Now if we consider a large set of images and
calculate the power spectrum for them and find
a mean, that could then be used as the power
spectrum input for the wiener filter, we are likely
to get better results.
• Hence, it is important to have a large data set,
to calculate power spectrum for.
• In the previous scenario a user can derive the
noise power spectrum from previous knowledge
or can calculate it by observing the variance
within an image’s smoother part.
How to use Wiener filter?
• Implementation of wiener filter are available both
in Matlab and Python.
• These implementations can be used to
perform analysis on images.
 Conclusion
• Wiener filter is an excellent filter when it
comes to noise reduction or deblluring of
images.
• A user can test the performance of a wiener
filter for different parameters to get the
desired results.
• It is also used in steganography processes.
• It considers both the degradation function
and noise as part of analysis of an image.