NEO MARXIST

THEORY

BY: ASHNA VIG

ENROLLMENT NO: 00514702418
BA(JMC), 3rd Semester ( 1st Shift)
  The Marxist approach to literature is based on the
philosophy of Karl Marx, a German philosopher and
economist born in Tried in Germany.
KARL MARX  Involved in communist party ( a group of people who
intended to overthrow the caste system).
AND
FREDERICK
ENGELS
  Marx noted a disparity in the economic
and political power enjoyed by the
factory owners and that allowed to the
factory laborers.
Marxist  He believed that the means of
production (i.e., the basis of power in
Theory society) should be placed in the hands
those who actually operated them.
  A society is shaped by its forces of production. Those
who own the means of production dictate what type of
society it is.
 The two main classes of society are the bourgeoisie
(who control the means of production and wealth)
and the proletariat (who operate the means of
CLASS- THE production and are controlled by the bourgeoisie).
BASIS OF  Since the bourgeoisie own the means of production—
MARXIST and, therefore, control the money—they can
manipulate politics, government, education, art, and
THEORY media.
BOURGEOISIE PROLETARIAT

DOMINATIN
DOMINATED
G

FACTORY
WORKERS
OWNERS
 GAP IN GROWTH RATE BETWEEN CLASSES
7

5 CHART OF
4
CONTINUING
ECONOMIC
3
DISPARITY
2

0
POOR RICH
CLASS,
CONFLICT  A Capitalist society will inevitability experience conflict between
AND its social classes.
 This constant conflict, or dialectical materialism, is what instigates
CAPITALISM change.
 Marx called on the proletariat to reject the social structure of the
bourgeoisie, the rules that would keep them subservient forever,
and form their own values. Such a course would be the only way to
escape the oppression, for the proletariat could never defeat the
bourgeoisie on its own terms. For the workers to win, they must
establish new terms.
  The major weakness of Marxism is that it does not seem to work
in the real world.  This is because it does not take into account
the essential greediness and selfishness of the human being. 
 Marxism relies on people to work hard just because they
should and to forego the ability to get rich from their efforts. 
Unfortunately, in the real world, this does not happen and
Marxist economies have always been inefficient and
DRAWBACKS unproductive.
 The major strength of Marxism is a theoretical one.  In theory, it
OF MARXISM would be a much more humane way to run a society.  It would
be much better if we could have societies where no one
oppressed any one else and where no one was poor.  This is
what Marxism promises (though it has never been able to
deliver it).
 Concerned with materialistic development, didn’t consider
other aspects of social life in view.
  Neo-Marxism is a loose term, and tends to encompass most of the
trends of Marxist philosophy. Neo-Marxism seeks to answer questions
traditional or orthodox Marxism cannot.
 Neo-Marxism retains some basic features of classical Marxism like
economic determinism in the idea of exploitation and inequality. 
 For them, the world is now divided into rich and poor, developed and
developing, second and third world countries capitalist or non-
NEO capitalist countries.
MARXIST  The Neo-Marxist approach to development is highly connected with
dependency and world systems theories:
THEORY 1. Dependency Theory
2.  World Systems Theory
3. Underdevelopment Theory
  Capitalism is regarded as a mode of exchange of goods and
services in monetary profit. Exploitation exists as there is
dominant centre and dependent periphery.
 Globalisation cannot ensure equality for people all across the
NEO- world as the peripheral societies remain underdeveloped due to
MARXIST common interests of global capitalists.
 There is unequal international exchange which is the defining
THEORY characteristic of global capitalism.
 The only way for dependent developing countries to break out of
this networking of domination is to detach their relations
completely with global capitalist system.
  Dependence - a situation in which the economy of certain
countries is conditioned by the development and expansion of
another economy to which the former is subjected.
 The relation of interdependence between two or more economies,
and between these and world trade, assumes the form of
dependence when some countries (the dominant ones) can
expand and can be self-sustaining, while other countries
(dependent ones) can do this only as a reflection of that
DEPENDENCY expansion, which can have either a positive or a negative effect on
their immediate development
THEORY