EXERGY

Annisa Septyana Ningrum

02311940000103
WHAT
EXACTLY IS
AN
Exergy of a system is the maximum useful work
theoretically possible during a process that brings
EXERGY?
the system into equilibrium with a heat reservoir.
When the surroundings act as the reservoir,
exergy is the potential of a system to cause a
change as it achieves equilibrium with its
surroundings.
Exergy is the energy that is available to be used
System’s surroundings is everything
outside of the system with change of
intensive properties as a consequence
after interacting with the system
SURROUNDINGS AND
ENVIRONMENT
 Environment is the bigger portion of
surroundings without any change on it’s
intensive properties such as temperature
(and pressure

Then how about it’s extensive

properties?
 The extensive properties of the
environment such as internal energy
entropy and volume can change due to
the interaction. All of those properties
connected to the T dS equation.
Because and are constant, then the
equation will be:
 
DEAD
STATE
If a certain amount of material
condition is in isolated system,
separated from the environment,
there will be a chance for work to
occur. But when it is changing to it’s
environment condition, the chance
for work to occur is decreasing until
it is disappear. When the system
reaches that state, it achieves
equilibrium with the environment.
The system is inofthe
No chance dead state.
spontaneous
changes in the system or
Exergy
environment =0
 HOW IS THE
NUMERIC
 
VALUE OF
EXERGY?
 With the concept of energy and entropy balance in
combined system which consist of isolated system
and the environment, we could calculate the work of
combined system.
An energy balance stated as:

Energy of combined system in the first state consist

of potential energy, kinetic energy, and internal
energy of the system. On the last state which is dead
state, it only consists of internal energy:

Substitute
  𝑐and
𝑊 define
=( 𝐸− 𝑈 0 ) +the
𝑝 0 (question
𝑣 − 𝑣 0 ) −𝑇above with the
0 ( 𝑆 − 𝑆 0)
first one, then the equation will be:
 An entropy balance stated as:
Or proportional to the sum of entropy change in the closed system
and in the environment:

Where and are entropy of closed system un certain state and

 So, the equation will be:

Substituting to the second equation, the

final equation will be:

(depends on certain state and dead state)

 According to the definition of exergy, which is the

maximum value of work, then the value of set to be
zero.
SPECIFIC EXERGY
Although exergy is a form of extensive
properties, it is often easier to calculate it in
mass or mole form, as shows below:
e=
  ( 𝑒 −𝑢0 ) + 𝑝 0 ( 𝑣 − 𝑣 0 ) − 𝑇 0 ( 𝑠 − 𝑠0 )
By substituting e, specific energy, the
equation 2will be:
 
e= [( 𝑢+
V
2 ) ]
+ 𝑔𝑧 − 𝑢0 + 𝑝 0 ( 𝑣 − 𝑣 0 ) − 𝑇 0 ( 𝑠 − 𝑠0 )

  +
 CHANGE OF EXERGY
In two states of a closed system

 
Based on the equation of an exergy value:

Chan Chan
ge ge
Of Of
Exerg Energ
y y
 BALANCE OF EXERGY
Exergy balance for closed system formed
with combining entropy and energy of
closed system balance.
By substituting entropy balance into energy
balance, we will get:
2 2
  𝛿𝑄
( 𝐸2 − 𝐸1 )− 𝑇 0 ( 𝑆2 − 𝑆1 )=∫ 𝛿 𝑄 − 𝑇 0∫
1 1
( ) −𝑊 −𝑇
𝑇 𝑏
0 𝜎

  (

2
  𝑇0
E2 − E1=∫
1
( 1−
𝑇𝑏 )
𝛿 𝑄 −[𝑊 − 𝑝 ¿ ¿ 0(𝑉 2 −𝑉 1 )]− 𝑇 0 𝜎 ¿
 2
  𝑇0
E2 − E1=∫ 1 −
⟨  𝟏 ⟩ 1
( 𝑇𝑏)𝛿 𝑄 −[𝑊 − 𝑝 ¿ ¿ 0(𝑉 2 −𝑉 1 )]− 𝑇 0 𝜎 ¿
⟨  𝟑 ⟩
⟨  𝟐 ⟩

 
Change of exergy
Exergy transfer
Destruction of exergy

 Change of energy does not depend only on the last

state and , , but also depends on the process of the
system itself. We can see it on the first underlined
equation on the right which states a heat transfer
to and from a system as the process occur.
 EXERGY TRANSFER
2
𝑇0
[∫ ( ) ]
 
1
1−
𝑇𝑏
𝛿 𝑄 −[𝑊 − 𝑝 ¿ ¿ 0(𝑉 2 −𝑉 1 )]¿

Exergy transfer accompanying heat is

the heat transfer factor in a system
when the process occur

Exergy transfer accompanying work is the work

factor such as the value of work between as a
result of the interaction between system and
environment
DESTRUCTION OF
EXERGY
 Destruction of exergy due to irreversibility of a
system represented by .

Considering the second law of thermodynamics,

the value of energy destruction is positive if
there is irreversibility in the system, contradict
with it, in a rare case, if there is no
irreversibility, then there is no destruction of
energy.
Notes:
Tb = temperatur pada batas sistem
zigma : entropi yang dihasilkan oleh ireversibilitas
internal
W dan Q = kerja dan perpindahan kalor antara sistem
dan daerah sekitarnya