m Latin : Rotteness

m Greek : Death

m V
:
P




 



 






 

 



  



  

 
   



  


  

 




   
m Dental caries has been classified in a number of
ways depending upon the clinical features.
m They are;
m 9: According to progression.
a: Acute caries.
b: Chronic caries.
c: Arrested caries.
m 2: According to Location.
a: Pit and fissure.
b: Smooth surface.
c: Root surface.
m 3: According to occurrence.
a: Primary caries.
b: Secondary caries.
m : According to the structure affected.
a: Enamel caries.
b: Dentinal caries.
c: Cemental caries.
m 5: According to the chronology.
a:Early childhood caries.
a Rampant caries.
a Nursing bottle caries.
b: Adolescent caries.
c: Adult caries.
m J: According to the depth of involvements.
a: Class A
Ê
 
 Ê

b: Class B
 Ê
 Ê
 
 

Ê

  
c: Class C
 
 Ê
Ê
   
 Ê
  Ê 
Ê
d: Class D
 
 Ê
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Ê
m ccurs in the occlusal surface of molars and premolars.

m Buccal and lingual surface of the molars and in the

palatal surface of maxillary incisors.

m Poor cleansing features they are more prone to develop

caries.

m Favours the retention of food debris along with

microorganisms, later tends to fermentation and
formation of acids.
m Caries activity takes place in triangular shape.

m Surrounding enamel is undermined, it collapses

and results in a big cavity.

m Apex towards the pit and base towards the DEJ.

m Develops on the proximal surface of the teeth or on
the gingival third of buccal and lingual surfaces.

m Preceded by the formation of a microbial plaque.

m Begins just below the contact point and appears in the

early stages as faint while opacity of enamel without
losing continuity.

m It is triangular shaped.

m With apex towards DEJ and base towards the surface.

 Defined by HAZEN and his colleagues.
³Ê
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 Ê  

 Found in dentition of older age groups having gingival

recession and exposed root surface.

 Also referred to as ³Ê

 º.

 Ñicrobial invasion and plaque formation is an essential

cause of this lesion.
m ccurs frequently in children and young adults.

m Rate of progression is smaller but faster.

m Appears as a small lesion initially, later diffuse

involvement of dentin produces a large internal
excavation.

m Saliva doesn¶t penetrate the small opening, less

oppurtunity for buffering and neutralisation.

m Dentin is usually stained yellow.

m Characterized by sudden, rapid and almost
uncontrollable destruction of teeth.

m Seen more in primary dentition of young children

and permanent dentition of teenagers.

m Arise due to dietry as well as physiological factors.

m Also called nursing caries, baby bottle syndrome and
bottle mouth syndrome.

m It is a form of rampant caries, affecting decidous teeth.

m It may be due to prolonged use of

a a nursing bottle containing milk or milk formula,
fruit juices or sweetened water.
a breast feeding.
a sugar or honey- sweetened pacifiers.
m The habitual use of one of the above after one year of
age, usually as an aid for sleeping.

m Ñost commonly the four maxillary incisors, then

cuspids.

m It affects so severe that only root stumps remain.

m Pooling of milk or other forms of carbohydrate is

cariogenic.
m 2 chronological periods.

m Seen at -8 yrs of age and at 99-98 yrs of age.

m Acute caries attack at later period, is characterized as Adolescent caries.

m Seen in the teeth and surfaces that are relatively immune to caries.

m Small opening in enamel with extensive undermining of enamel.

m Due to rapid progression, little time for formation of reparative dentin.

m Progress slowly and tend to involve pulp.

m Ñost common in adults.

m Entrance to lesion is larger.

m Because of this, food retention as well as there is greater access of

saliva.

m Due to slow progression, enough time for sclerosis of deposition of

reparative dentin.

m Large destruction of tooth surface.

m pen and shallow, with little undermining

m ccurs in the immediate vicinity of a restoration.

m Due to inadequate extention of orginal restoration

favouring retention of debris or poor adaptation of
filling material to the cavity, producing a ³

 º.
m Described as caries which becomes static and doesn¶t
show any tendency for further progression.

m Affects decidous and permanent dentition.

m Dentin is getting burnished µ   Ê Ê

   
 appears polished and is hard.

m Arrested caries may be due to

- large open cavity on occlusal surface.
- Area become exposed for cleansing activity, when
adjacent tooth is extracted.
- Fluoride application
D Presence of brown pigmentation
D Change from soft to hard texture
D Change from chalky whiteness to light
brown
D Now increase in size of lesion.
D No further progress of the lesion as long
as the pigmentation remained.
m Type of rampant caries.

m Large number of teeth is affecting.

m ccurs as a result of radiation therapy in the head and neck

region.

m Seen in adults.

m Xerostomia is a complication.

m Also there is increased viscosity and decreased PH.

m Bacterial activity of salivary enzyme reduced.

9. Involvement of neck of the tooth.

2. Starts on the occlusal aspect of posterior and

incisal edges of anterior teeth.

3. Starts on the occlusal and incisal edge of buccal,

labial and incisal surface.