GRAPHICS DESIGN

(CHAPTER 16)
INTRODUCTION
BY JEYANTHI V G
GRAPHICS SOFTWARE

• The range of pictures, drawings and images which can be

produced by a computer are called graphics. The main types
of graphics packages are
• painting,
• drawing,
• photo editing and
• CAD.
PAINTING PACKAGES
A PAINTING APPLICATION ALLOWS FREEHAND DRAWING AND COLOURING, USUALLY
WITH A MOUSE. GENERALLY THE FEATURES ARE
• A palette from which the user can choose
colors
• Freehand pens and brushes offering
different styles and line thickness
• Range of standard shape tools such as
rectangles and circles
• Color fill tools
• Spray cans and eraser tools
• Cut, copy, paste and zoom (to work in
finer detail)
:
• Bitmap graphics
• Bitmap graphics made with painting
packages consist of many tiny dots called
pixels. It is possible to edit each individual
pixel.
• Since the computer has to store
information about every single pixel (the
colour for example) in the image, the file
size of a bitmap graphic is often quite
large. Bitmap graphics lose quality when
they're resized.
DRAWING PACKAGES
IMAGES MADE WITH DRAWING PACKAGES CONSIST OF LINES, SHAPES AND CO-ORDINATES. DRAWING PACKAGES ARE ALSO KNOWN AS VECTOR
DRAWING PACKAGES. GENERALLY A DRAWING PACKAGE OFFERS MANY SIMILAR FEATURES TO A PAINTING.
• Vector graphics
Vector graphics are based on mathematical
relationships with control points that make up the
image. Information is not stored about each pixel.
These points are connected by lines and curves
called vector paths or vectors.
• Vector objects
A vector object is a shape made up of vector
paths. It is possible to edit each object separately,
for example, change the shape, stroke, fill, size
and position. A stroke follows the outline of the
vector path and a fill adds a colour to the area
inside the path.
Advantages
• Smaller file size - vector graphics, unlike bitmap
images, do not store data about each individual pixel.
For a large illustration, such as a poster, a vector graphic
would have a significantly smaller file size compared to
a bitmap image.
• Scalable - when you resize a vector graphic the
mathematical relationships mean that the image does
not lose quality. A vector graphic the size of a postage
stamp could be resized to be used on a poster and the
image would still be clear.
Disadvantage
• Vector graphics are never going to be as lifelike as
bitmaps or photos. They will always appear computer
generated.
PHOTO EDITING
PHOTO EDITING SOFTWARE ALLOWS THE USER TO EDIT AND ADJUST PHOTOGRAPHS. USUALLY THESE PHOTOS COME FROM
A DIGITAL CAMERA, BUT THEY COULD ALSO BE SCANNED FROM EXISTING PHOTOS. DIGITAL PHOTOS ARE BITMAP IMAGES.
THERE IS A LARGE RANGE OF PHOTO EDITING SOFTWARE AVAILABLE, EG ADOBE PHOTOSHOP, COREL PAINT SHOP PRO AND
GIMP.

• Crop – cut off sides of an image to make it a • Special effects – the effects vary from one
suitable size or remove unwanted areas. piece of software to another but usually
• Adjust contrast and brightness. include:

• Remove red-eye. • Artistic effects - for example, making

• Layers - you can have several different
elements of the graphic as separate layers.
These layers can be made invisible or even
deleted at any time.
• Clone tool – allows the user to clone one part
of the picture to another to remove an
unwanted element.
a picture look like an oil painting.
• Geometric effects - for example,
making an image appear to be on the
surface of a ball.
• Color adjustments - for example,
turning a photo into greyscale or
brightening certain colors.
COMPUTER AIDED DESIGN (CAD)
CAD PACKAGES ARE MORE SOPHISTICATED DRAWING PACKAGES. THEY ARE
USED BY ENGINEERS, ARCHITECTS AND DESIGNERS TO
PRODUCE DETAILED DESIGN PLANS AND TECHNICAL DRAWINGS.

CAD software offers all the features of standard drawing software but in

addition may also offer:
• greater accuracy (it is possible to work to within 1/72 of an inch)
• objects and drawings can be created in 2D, 3D, 2D CAD and 3D CAD

• images can be viewed from any angle

• powerful scaling, rotation and reflection options

• libraries of engineering components which can be imported
• links to packages to calculate costs
COMPARISON WITH IMAGES

VECTOR IMAGE BITMAP IMAGE PHOTO EDITING

DIFFERENCE BETWEEN BITMAP(RASTER) AND VECTOR
GRAPHICS
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