Moscow Institute of Architecture (State Academy)

Rector of the Institute
academician D.O.Shvidkovskiy
Vice–Rector on Academic Works
professor Afanasev A.K.
Vice–Rector on Scientific Research Works
professor G.V.Esaulov
Head of the Department
of International relations
professor V.N.Bgashev
The Moscow Architectural Institute (MARKHI) – State Academy
has 250 year’s history and has always been the leading
architectural institution in the country. During the past several
decades MARCHI has trained highly qualified specialists for
architectural schools in Russia as well as for other schools of post
soviet countries. MARCHI maintains contacts with numerous
architectural and art institutes abroad.
 In April 1994 the Royal Institute of British Architects (RIBA)
accredited the Institute.
 Presently MARCHI is undergoing accreditation according to
the European Union. Today there are 2000 students in the Institute
and additionally 800 on the evening courses. Among them there
are students from Russia, countries of the ex-Soviet Union,
Europe, Asia and North and South America.
The course of study lasts 4 years for a Bachelor of Arts in
Architecture, 6 years in order to receive the qualification of an
“Architect” in the profession of Architecture, qualification of an
“Architect-Designer” specializing in the Design of Architectural
Environment and the qualification of an “Architect-Engineer”
specializing in the design of buildings and 7 years for a Master of
Arts in Architecture. Training architects of a broad profile
includes also studying a variety of subjects on a corresponding
department: town planning, architecture of residential and public
buildings, architecture of industrial buildings, architecture of
rural settlements, theory and history of architecture, restoration -
reconstruction of buildings, landscape architecture, regional
planning and town master plans, principles of town planning
theory, design of the architectural environment.
 The Institute also trains post-graduates , who having prepared an
appropriate scientific thesis and having defended it before the
Specialized Scientific Council, are awarded the scientific degree -
Candidate of Architecture (equivalent to the PhD in the West).
During the 65 years of the Institute’s existence it has trained over
12 thousand architects. The teaching staff of the Institute includes
approximately 400 full time teachers, amongst them there are 138
professors and associate professors,66% of the teaching staff hold
a PhD.
All the subjects studied in the institute are relatively united into
blocks on the following main courses:
• Humanities and Social Economic Subjects
• General Mathematical and Science Subjects
• General Professional Subjects
• Contemporary Problems of History and Theory of Architecture,
Urban Design
• Specialized Subjects (specialty «Architecture»)
• Specialized subjects (specialty «Design of Architectural
Environment»)
 Federal component
 Foreign Language
 Physical Training
 History of Fatherland
 Culturology
 Political science
 Law
 Psychology and Pedagogics
 Russian Language and Culture of Speech
 Sociology
 Philosophy
 Economics
 National Regional component
 Optional subjects (chosen by the students)
 Introduction into the Profession
 Federal Component
 Mathematics (Statics)
 Information Science, Fundamental Computer Technologies,
Composition Combinatory Computer Course
 Theoretical Mechanics (Strength of Materials)
 Descriptive Geometry and Technical Drawing
 Physics
 National Regional Component
 Mathematical fundamentals for Architectural composition
 Composition Combinatory Computer Course
 Federal Component
 Construction of Civil and Industrial Buildings (Architectural
Structures, Engineering Structures)
 Architectural Materials
 Fundamentals of Land Surveying, Civil Planning and Transport
 Mechanical and Electrical Equipment
 Fundamentals of Construction Technology
 Life Safety
 Economics and Organization of Architectural Design and
Construction
 Artistic Drawing
 Painting and Architectural Colour Design
 Sculpture and Sculpture Modeling
 History of Arts
 History of Architecture, Urban Design
 Contemporary Architecture and Design
 Esthetics of Architecture and Design
 Introduction into the Profession
 National Regional Component
 Computer Graphics

 Architectural Design
 Volume-Space Composition
 Social Fundamentals of Architectural Design
 Theoretical Fundamentals of Town Planning and District Planning
 Ecological Fundamentals of Architectural Design
 Fundamentals of Town Planning Cadestre
 Subjects of Specializations (specialty «Architecture»)
 Compulsory Specialization Subjects
 Town Planning
 Theory of Town Planning
 Transport in Town Planning
 Landscape Design
 Problems of Compositional Craftsmanship
 Economics of Town Planning and Reconstruction
 Architectural Design 9 – 12 semester
 Architecture of Civil and Public Buildings
 Theory of Architectural Composition
 Construction and engineering equipment
 Architectural Design 9 – 12 semesters
 Architecture of Industrial Buildings and Structures
 Typology of Industrial Buildings and Structures
 Problems of Composition Craftsmanship
 Landscape Design of Territories
 Engineering Equipment of Industrial Buildings and Structures
 Construction of Industrial Buildings
 Organization of Architectural Design
 Typology of Agricultural Buildings and Structures
 Architectural Planning Organization of Agricultural Settlements
 Construction of Agricultural Buildings
 Engineering Equipment of Agricultural Buildings
 Landscape Design and Architectural Organization of Agricultural
Environment
 Economics and Organization of Agricultural Design and
Construction
 Philosophical Problems of Architecture
 Contemporary Problems of Art Criticism
 Actual Problems of Architecture and Town Planning
 Literary Stylistics
 Contemporary Methodology of Architectural Analysis
 Architectural Criticism
 Ecological Requirements on Green Plantations
 History of Landscape Architecture
 Architectural Dendrology
 Esthetics of Russian Landscape

 Social and Economic Fundamentals of District Planning and
Development of Town Master Plans
 District Planning and Regional Settling
 Technical Provision of Territories and Transport
 Town Master Plans
 Ecological Fundamentals of District Planning and Town Master
Plans
 Optional Specialization Subjects
 Architectural Projects on Design 9 – 12 semesters
 Volume Space Composition
 Fundamentals of Town Planning Theory
 Fundamentals of Urban Design
 Preparatory and Project Analyses in Urban Design
 Complex Formation of Objects and Systems of Urban
Design
Composition
 Graphic Design
 Optional Subjects (chosen by the students)
 Fundamentals of Environmental Design
 Preparatory and Project Analyses in Environmental Design
 Fundamentals of Ergonomics
 Finishing Materials and Composition
 Compulsory Specialized Subjects
 Structures in Interior
 Special Equipment for Interiors
 Special Equipment and Landscape Organization of Open Spaces
 Light and Colour Organization of Urban Space
 Architectural Projects on Design 9 – 12 semesters
 Optional Subjects (chosen by the students)
 Computer Interior Design
 Computer Design of Urban Design Elements
 Dean of the Faculty (FGT)
 professor T.A.Dyakonova
 Training Course for 1st and 2nd Academic Years

 Speciality (State index):
 2901– Architecture
 2902 – Design of Architectural Environment
1.1. In the Moscow Architectural Institute a system of competitive
entrance exams is adopted. To enter the Institute a prospective
student has to pass all exams with a certain sum of all marks.
 Special official acts and norms determine the organisation of exams.
An Enrolment Board arranged by the Rector and headed by him is
responsible for the enrolment of students. The work of the board is
directed by the Executive Secretary. The Enrolment Board is a
constantly functioning body, which co-ordinates and carries out the
project on attracting prospective students, preparation and
management of the enrolment.
 To attract and prepare young people for the Institute there is Faculty
of Pre-Institute preparatory education with day- and evening time
departments. for schoolchildren and young people. A network of
secondary schools under the patronage of education connected with
architecture is being developed. The Enrolment Board arranges
competitions to find the most gifted schoolchildren.
 The prospective students take the following examinations:
In key subjects:
 Free-hand drawing of a gypsum head in pencil (8 types) - 8 hours.
 Free-hand drawing of a composition of 5 - 7 given geometrical
bodies in pencil - 6 hours.
 Drawing of 3 orthogonal projections of a complicated figure given
in axonometric drawings - 6 hours.
 The projects are graded out of 10 points.
 In other subjects:
 Mathematics (in a written form).
 Russian (in a written form).
 The subjects are assessed - satisfactory/unsatisfactory.
 1.4. First year students are enrolled on the basis of their marks and
the enrolment plan of the Institute, which is determined by the
Ministry, but it can be changed by the Rector: (plus or minus 5%).
The state rules define categories of persons who can be eliminated
from competition.
 The Enrolment Board can consider objections to the mark for any
entrance examinations only on the day of each examination.
 Those who pass all exams but lose the competition may receive a
certificate with marks for examinations to enter another
educational establishment.
 The education at the Institute is free of charge for the students
who have passed the entrance competitions. However, in addition
to the regularly permitted number, 20% of students are admitted
on commercial basis. They are selected from those who
successfully passed the entrance examinations but lost the
competition. They have to pay appropriate fee for each year of
study.
 2.1. The aim of teaching at the Faculty of General Training is to provide
for the theoretical and practical basis for understanding the meaning of
the profession. Besides the "preparatory" function the faculty has its own
importance: it educates the student as a creative personality with
compositional thinking, and artistic taste, who considers architecture to be
an art and is ready to employ the entire historic and modern experience of
the world of architecture.
 The complexity of the architectural profession, its tremendous historical
potential and social importance require orientation in the many-hued
spectrum of human knowledge comprising historical, theoretical, artistic,
architectural and building, engineering and technical aspects.
 The base of pre-architectural education only begins to develop in the
country with the initiative and participation of MARKHI. The emergence
of some specialised schools, and the existence of some technical secondary
schools and colleges does not solve the problem of preparation at the
Institute level.
 The originality of the profession and the reality of the pre-institute
preparation have led to the necessity of the faculty in the Institute
structure and have helped to determine the purpose, program and
strategy of teaching at the faculty.
 2.2. The academic course at the faculty runs for two years.
 The first year is devoted mostly to the principles of architectural
designing and orientation in the professional problems.
 The tasks in designing also teach architectural graphics and
general compositional preparation.
 In the second year students are introduced to architectural
designing of objects on real sites. The curriculum also comprises
other subjects directly connected with designing.
 At the Department of Principles of Architectural Designing the
following architectural design subjects are studied immediately from
1st year: the introduction of compositional tasks on the subjects of
tectonics and structures in architecture, measurement projects (a first
task in designing), perspective drawings of a student's project, and a
computer course in space – volume composition.
 3.0.2. Structure of the curriculum
 Blocks of subjects have syllabuses for the entire period of studying at
the Institute, and are based on the idea of succession and sequence of
teaching at each step within the faculty. The Faculty of General
Training has the following blocks of subjects:
 I. Architectural Designing
 Principles of Architectural Designing
 Introduction into Speciality
 Principles of Three-dimensional and Spatial Composition

 II. Humanities and Social and Political Subjects
 History and Theory of World and Fatherland Culture
 History of Arts
 History of Architecture

 Ill. Engineering and Technical subjects
 Higher Mathematics
 Theoretical Mechanics
 Resistance of Materials
 Architectural Structures
 Surveying (Geodesy)

 IV. Visual Art Subjects
 Descriptive Geometry
 Artistic Drawing
 Painting
 V. General education subjects
 Foreign Language
 Physical Training
 VI. Practices
 Architectural measurements land surveying
 Artistic drawing
 Painting
 Architectural materials
 3.1.1. Principles of Architectural Designing
 The object is to develop the primary compositional thinking
needed to solve the simplest architectural problems and to
provide professional graphic skills helping to express
adopted solutions. The aim of the first stage is to enable
students to study the complex of artistic and compositional
disciplines, to develop artistic taste, and a culture of being
open to new ideas, which are to become the basis of the
architecture of the future. Under these conditions the choice
of term design themes is of a great importance.
 The stage of the General Training contains ten assignments
1 - 6 in the first year, and 7 - 10 in the second year.
 Assignment 1 (1st year, term 1)
 Acquaintance with a simple architectural structure and executing
its drawing
 Introductory lecture. The methods of representing architectural
structures: artistic drawing, and linear drawing with shading off
and washing in, perspective, and modelling. The importance of
linear graphics in the work of the architect. The basic kinds of
orthogonal projections. The dependence of the drawings'
projections on the character of architecture and sitting of the
structure. Rules of the drawing's composition. The importance of
the draft drawing. Scales of drawings. The devices, sequence and
methods of executing drawings. The main and auxiliary lines. The
system of indicating dimensions and inscriptions. The techniques
of executing drawings, tools, and materials.
 Possible themes of exercises: summer house, pavilion, and rotunda
(after preliminary studies on the basis of drawings from life).
 Main tasks: Introduction to methods of representing a simple
architectural structure in the basic orthogonal projections and
techniques of the execution (drawing in pencil, indication of
dimensions, inscriptions, outlining in ink).
 Composition of the project:
 Elevation M 1:50 (25)
 Plan M 1:50 (25)
 Section M 1:100 (50)
 Site plan M 1:200 (500)
 Related departments: Department of Artistic Drawing, according
to whose program a drawing of the examined object is executed
from life. The project is done on 1 board (75 x 55 cm)
 Study of architectural order and its execution in a technical
drawing
 Introductory lecture. Introduction to the architectural order, its
structure, proportions, and forms. Appearance and development
of the order. Notion about tectonics. Architectural order as an
artistic expression of the post- and - lintel tectonic system (ancient
Greece). Employment of orders in other tectonic systems (ancient
Rome, Renaissance). Introduction to canonical orders as described
by Vignola and Palladio and rules of their construction.
Comparison of canonical orders of architectural masterpieces.
Analysis of the use of orders under particular conditions.
 Possible themes of exercises: construction of canonical orders
according to Palladio or Vignola and their comparison with the
orders of historic buildings (after preliminary studies).
 Main tasks: to learn the main peculiarity of the order - its tectonic
character, expressed in a clear artistic form. To follow the changes
of proportions and forms of the order depending on the
conditions of their employment, comparing the canonical orders
themselves or with those of certain historic buildings; to master
the technique of executing complex architectural forms (drawing
in pencil, indicating dimensions, inscriptions).
 Composition of the project:
 Drawing of the order schemes (Vignola or Palladio).
 Drawing of a canonical order detail.
 Drawing of a historic building.
 The project is done on a board (75 x 55cm).
 Independent project - free-hand drawings of the order in
perspective (from imagination).
 Study of an architectural structure detail and its execution in a
wash drawing
 Introductory lecture: Three-dimensional and spatial composition
of architecture on a drawing plane. Laws of visual perception.
Sources of light. Conditional directions of light rays. Transparent
environment, air, light, shade, and perspective. Compositional
problems in this kind of graphic. Draft design. Techniques of
shading. Accurate rendering of the object. Stages of project.
 Possible themes of exercises. Details of architectural structures
(after measurements).
 Main tasks: Study of the scale, structure and material of the
architectural detail in connection with the general composition of the
structure. Tectonic importance of the detail depending on its place in
the composition of the historic buildings. Study of the architectural
detail rendering. Detail as an object of studying the primary laws of
form formation. Mastering the composition of the drawing and
artistic aims of shading the architectural detail. Mastering techniques
and rules of shading (drawing in pencil, outlining in ink, washing-in,
and inscriptions).
 Composition of the project.
 Architectural detail M 1:2 (20).
 Related Departments: Departments of Descriptive Geometry,
Architectural Materials.
 The project is done on 1 board (75 x 55cm).
 Independent project: representation of different materials (wood,
stone, plaster) by means of shading.

 Lettering composition in architecture
 Introductory lecture. Lettering in architecture. General rules of
constructing lettering forms. Stylistic characteristics of lettering
belonging to different historic epochs. Problems of compositional
interrelation of historic buildings and their verbal components.
Types of inscriptions used in architecture.
 Possible themes of exercises: memorial plate.
 Main aims: mastering principles of constructing the chosen set.
Analysis of compositional and plastic possibilities of materials,
chosen for the execution of the plate in a particular situation.
Mastering the graphic methods of representing materials: granite,
marble, concrete, metal, wood.
 Composition of the project
 Preliminary drafts on 1/16, 1/8 of a drawing sheet.
 Final draft on 1/2 of a drawing sheet.
 Drawing of the memorial plate with the indication of the material
and texture.
 The memorial plate is executed in life size.
 Execution of an elevation or section of a building with drawing of
shadows and washing in with ink
 Introductory lecture. Methods of washing-in elevations and
sections. Two kinds of graphics: linear and tone (shading).
 Possible themes of exercises: elevation of the historical building,
big fragment of the elevation, section of the structure.
 Main aims. Study of an object: period of creation, function, style,
construction, and composition. Determination of the character of
illumination of the building and its environment. Solution of the
drawing's composition.
 Composition of the project.:
 Graphic materials of the historic building study: draft drawings
and sketches, made on a sheet of paper.
 Preliminary drafts on 1/8, 1/16 of a sheet and the final draft on a
1/4 of a drawing sheet.
 Drawing of an elevation (section).
 Related departments: the Department of Descriptive Geometry.
 The scale of the drawing is chosen depending on the size of the
building and composition of the sheet. The project is done on 1
board (75 x 55).
 Study of an architectural object and its representation using
perspective
 Introductory Lecture. Perspective: its importance in the practical
activity of the architect as one of the most visual means of graphic
expression of architectural solution. Artistic and compositional
aims of perspective. Dependence of the choice of the point of view
and the drawing's composition on the characteristics of the
structure and its surroundings. Draft as a method of work,
accompanying all stages of the execution of the perspective.
Transition from the draft to the final drawing.
 Main aims: study of the three-dimensional and spatial
composition of the structure. Choice of the most characteristic
point of view and lighting, revealing the composition of the
structure and the character of the environment. Formation of the
conception on the basis of drafts and a model. Mastering
techniques of executing a perspective drawing with the projection
of shadows. Drafts. Outlining in ink and washing-in according to
the artistic task.
 Composition of the project.
 Perspective drawing of the structure with washing-in.
 Related departments: Departments of Descriptive Geometry,
 Assignment 7 (2nd year, term 3)
 Structure without an inner space
 Introductory lectures.
 Introduction into architectural designing. Compositional exercises
as a precondition for architectural designing. Compositional
goals: general principles of designing. Function: connection with
surroundings, and unity of constructive and artistic solutions.
 Architectural graphics in design. Characteristics of architectural
graphics. Their purpose and aims. Architectural graphics as a
method of spatial thinking. Methods and techniques of work.
Drafting. Architectural graphics as a form of fixing the adopted
solution.
 Possible themes of the design. Monument, sign of entrance, road
sign, canopy of a suburban station platform, stand selling
souvenirs. "Best workers of the enterprise" at an industrial
enterprise, water tower, etc.
 Main tasks. To understand the function of the task, its artistic image, and
structures and materials used. Using the mastered creative and graphic
skills to express the shape of the structure, and the texture of materials
used.
 Composition of the design:
 Plan M 1:50 (25)
 Section M 1:100 (50)
 Site Plan M 1:200 (500)
 In the structure without an inner space, it is possible to substitute a
second elevation for the section.
 Related departments: Department of Artistic Drawing.
 A model is added to the project. Sketch designs are made for all suggested
assignments.
 Independent project: a draft for a chosen theme.
 Small open space and a structure with a minimal function
 Introductory lecture. Principles of the methods of architectural
designs using the example of the composition solution of a play
space for small children. Awareness of the goal of designing kinds
of children's playgrounds. Composition of the play space. Means
of the realisation of the author's concept. Canopy for shade:
function, and structure.
 Possible themes of the design: children’s playground with a
canopy for shade, recreation ground, canopies over a source.
 Main tasks: study the allotted site: its topography, development,
and siting. Solution of the site planning
 with a canopy. Working out of the three-dimensional and spatial
solution of the canopy on the basis of the adopted scheme.
 Composition of the design.
 Working model out of paper or cardboard showing the
topography and the surrounding buildings. M 1:50.
 Drawings including projections:
 Site plan M 1:100
 Elevations M 1:20 (25)
 Section M 1:20 (25)
 Related departments: Department of Building Physics,
Architectural Structures.
 Public building with a hall
 Introductory lecture. Types of building. Principles of designing a
composition in connection with the environment. Concepts of
inner spaces. Principles of planning. Building as a whole and its
functional zones. Constructive solutions. Parts of the building.
 Possible themes of the design: exhibition pavilion, recreation
centre, discotheque, cafe, river landing, and stage.
 Main tasks: Study of the allotted site and choice of the composition.
Planning of the building with regard to the functional
requirements, choice of the structural solution matching the
composition of the building.
 1. Working model out of paper or cardboard showing the
surroundings. M 1:200.
 2. Drawing including the projections:
 Site plan M 1:400 (500)
 Plan M 1:100
 Section M 1:100
 Elevations M 1:20 (50)
 Related departments: Departments of Architectural Materials, and
Painting.
 The project is done on 1 board (75x55cm).
 Low – rise housing
 Introductory Lecture. Architecture of low-rise housing. Social and
economic premises of forming housing. Climate and character of
the building. Demography. Local traditions and national
environments. Connection of the dwelling with the natural
environment. Main functional zones and their interrelation.
Entrance zone. Kitchen and its equipment, lavatory and its
equipment. Hygienic requirements of the modern dwelling.
Orientation of the main room groups in different climate zones.
Basic planning schemes of low-rise housing.
 Modern domestic and foreign practice of designing and building
of one and two-storey housing. Normative requirements.
 Possible themes of designs: one or two storey housing, terrace or
detached houses, house of a forester (with a cordon), house of a
trackman (with auxiliary room).
 Main tasks: realisation of the previous compositional and graphic training
when designing housing. Arrangement of the inner space of a flat or
maisonette follows the exact dimensions of rooms, conditions of placing
sanitary and technical equipment and furniture. Creation of an impressive
image of dwelling. Understanding the structures and materials employed.
 The design is executed in two stages.
 Floor plans M 1:100 (50)
 Section M 1:200 (50)
 Site plan M 1:200 (500)
 Technical and economic properties of the design are given. A model is
executed for the design. On the second stage a section of the dwelling is
prepared showing the interior and structures. Related departments:
Departments of Architectural Structures, Architectural Materials, and
Engineering Equipment of Buildings, Building Physics.
 The design is done on 2 boards (60 x 80cm).
 3.1.2. Principles of Computer Graphics - (optional course)
 The aim of the subject is to master the methods of designing
architectural objects using mathematical methods and computer
technology.
 Contents of the subject.
 Modern computer technology in architectural designing.
 General questions of the project with up-to-date P.C.
 Studying the computer technology of architectural designing
(hardware).
 Using software (using packages of programs with 3D-Studio
and AutoCAD as examples).
 3.1.2. Principles of Computer Graphics - (optional course)
 Architectural section. Types of problems and solutions when designing using
computer technology.
 Sketch design. Search for initial ideas about architecture in the object's
constructive and planning parameters with the help of graphic editor.
 Idea-graft. Working out design versions.
 Working out three-dimensional and spatial structure (search for an
architectural image)
 Design of the architectural and planning structure.
 Design of the object's elevations.
 Design of the architectural details and elements (structural element,
windows, doors, arched openings, columns, etc.). Bank of basic functional
elements
 Choice of the design which according to the designer matches the task to a
greater degree
 Construction of axonometric drawings and perspectives
 Working out the draft. Specification of the planning structure chosen earlier, as
well as the structural system and architectural composition
 Technical and economic qualities of the design (If the course is simplified this
point can be omitted)
• 3.1.2. Principles of Computer
Graphics - (optional course)
• Execution of drawings
– Linear execution.
– Shading, shadows and the
representation of the
texture of the surface
– Colour scheme of the
object and its parts
– Representation of the
entourage
 3.1.3. Introduction into Speciality - (1st year, term 1)
 The theoretical lecture course "introduction into speciality" is
delivered in the first term and precedes the entire complex of
historical and theoretical subjects, directly connected with the
architectural profession.
 Aim of the course: Introduction to the key ideas about the profession
and professional outlook.
 Tasks of the course
 Scientific outlook: defining the place and role of architecture and the
architect in the history of the human society and culture.
 Professional: formation of ideas about the essence of the profession,
its aims, problems and possibilities.
 Social: characteristics of the position and possible role of architect in
modern social process. New possibilities of artistic personality
realisation.
 Teaching: construction of the entire system of architectural education.
Laying down a basis for a reasonable choice of personal program
under the conditions of a pluralist teaching system.
 3.1.3. Introduction into Speciality (1st year, term 1)
 Course structure.
 The course consists of two blocks of lectures.
 The first block is the basic one, aimed at the realisation of the main
aim and tasks of the course. It forms a general tendency and
structure; it consists of 9 lectures and is given by the teacher
responsible for the course. The second block is the problem block.
It displays a wide variety of problems of the modem theory and
practice, personal positions and personalities themselves of high
professionals. It consists of 9 lectures and is delivered by the
Institute staff and invited specialists.
 The composition of the first block is connected with changes in
scientific, professional and social situation. That of the second
block is connected with changes of the variety of the real-life
problems.
 Themes of the basic block lectures.
 Architecture as nature (natural history)
 General principles of architecture.
 Architecture as the realisations of human ideas about the world.
 Space unit and its development into residential, productive and social
formations.
 Morphology of architecture.
 Architecture: activities and result
 Process of creation and architectural life.
 Social requirements, design, construction, maintenance.
 Social and productive aspects of architecture
 Production and social infrastructure.
 Architecture of production.
 Modern opinion of the town
 Branch and territory approach.
 Production and the social basis of the town.
 Town as organism in space and time.
 Territorial and branch tendencies and development of society:
modern stage
 Restructuring of economic system of management.
 Balance of territorial and branch development.
 Territorial and branch architectural dialectics.
 Territorial and branch structure of design bureau and
architectural management.
 Restructuring of the design system and architectural
management.
 Juridical basis of architecture
 Town planning legislation.
 Architectural legislation.
 Copyright.
 Legislation of preservation of monuments of architecture, town
planning, culture, history, nature.
 Personality of the architect
 The architect in practice, science, pedagogy.
 The architect in society.
 Development of architectural science
 Formal and content analysis of architecture.
 Philosophy of the profession.
 Modern scientific thinking and creative process of the architect
 Action of creation and experience when perceiving.
 Architecture in science. Space and time in architecture.
 3.2.2. Principles of Three-Dimensional and Spatial Composition
(1st year, term 1, 2; 2nd years, term 3, 4)
 The aim of this course is to develop the three-dimensional and
spatial perception of students' ideas and thinking, knowledge of
the main kinds of composition, properties of three-dimensional
and spatial forms, their harmonic combinations on the basis of
proportion, rhythm, and other compositional rules; to develop the
sense of measure and harmony, scale when perceiving
architectural forms.
 The tasks consist of the connection of architectural composition
with architectural designing (from the analysis of real architecture
to the theory of composition), mastering principles of architectural
composition by means of modelling (from abstract exercises to
educational designing).
 The main method is abstracting and generalising as the beginning
of three-dimensional and spatial thinking in the first stages of
designing.
 The lecture course represents an analysis of classical and modern
architectural projects, theoretical generalisation of the analysis in
the form of schemes, analysis of positive qualities, and
characteristic mistakes of students in the previous years.
 Practical Training includes distribution of assignments, search for
compositional solution in drawings, construction of models
according to assignments, and final execution of a paper model
and orthogonal projections.
 3.2.2. Principles of Three-Dimensional and Spatial Composition (1st year, term 1, 2;
2nd years, term 3, 4)
 The lecture cycle comprises the following themes:
 1st year Composition on a plane. Rhythm in architecture. Properties of three-
dimensional and spatial forms, main kinds of composition. Construction and
modelling of frontal surface and three-dimensional form.
 2nd year Contrasts in architecture. Construction and modelling of open space.
Kinds of space. Interconnection of the interior space and it’s three-dimensional
form with the environment. Each lecture lasts 2 academic hours.
 Practical assignments (8 - 10 hours).
 The 1st year exercises are of a general orientating character of acquaintance with
principles and means of form formation.
 The 2nd year exercises are integrated into the design assignments and are the first
stage of compositional pre-design search for forms and their connections, with the
surroundings (e.g. 4 exercises in composition correspond to 4 educational designs
of the 2nd year).
 3.2.2. Principles of Three-Dimensional and Spatial
Composition (1st year, term 1, 2; 2nd years, term 3, 4)
 Composition on paper
 Aim - to give initial ideas about composition and show
possibilities of compositional solution of the paper sheet
surface with the help of a limited number of flat elements.
 Tasks - to achieve balance and completion in placing
elements.
 To show the frontal character of the plane.
 To define top and bottom of the composition.
 Time - 2 hours in studio.
 Interrelation of the main compositional types
 Aim - to fix an idea about principal differences between the three
types of thinking and show the dialectic interconnection between
them. The main criteria are position of elements in space, position
of the spectator in relation to the composition, i.e. consideration of
the situation in which the form is perceived.
 Tasks - to construct frontal and three-dimensional compositions.
 - Changing the position of elements in space to achieve the
conversion of the initial composition into a spatial composition.
 The assignment is executed in three models: frontal, three-
dimensional and spatial compositions. Models are executed on
boards measuring 20 x 30 cm. Compositions are constructed of
three-dimensional rectangular elements. The number of elements
in each composition is from 4 to 8.
Assignment 3 (1st year, term 2)
 Modelling of frontal surface and three dimensional form
 This assignment is a logical development of the construction
of various types of composition and is directed towards a
development of ideas about working three dimensional
form from architectural forms. It consists of two exercises,
and the student is to choose one.
 The aim of the assignment: to study properties of the
architectural form, to master methods, devices, and rules of
constructing architectural composition.
 Exercise 1. Modelling of the frontal surface. The student is to choose a frontal
surface a) a rectangle (with side ratio of 1:1.5 or 1:2) or a square b) an isosceles
trapezium. The surface can have rectilinear or curvilinear outlines in plan. The
student is required to model the given frontal standing surface considering it
as a frontal composition.
 Exercise 2. Modelling of the three-dimensional form. The student is to chose
one of the offered three-dimensional forms:
 parallelepiped (side ratio 1:2:3)
 Rectilinear triangular prism (side ratio 1:1:2)
 He is required to model the form, its geometry, properties (heaviness,
lightness, massiveness, and static -dynamics). The scale of the composition is
to be expressed by means of a symbolic human figure.
 Models are executed out of monochrome paper or cardboard.
 Overall dimensions of models are to be from 15 to 25sm.
 Methodological instructions
 The observer perceives the frontal composition when moving
toward or along it: The three-dimensional one - when moving
round it.
 The surface of the foundation on which the composition is located
can be plain or articulated.
 Compositional rules are employed: proportions, rhythmic
organisation of formal elements, etc.
 means of construction and modelling the frontal and three-
dimensional compositions: Plastic working out of the main form
(relief and counter-relief), comparison of mass and surface;
introduction of auxiliary additional elements in the form of planes
or three-dimensional forms, the use of texture is possible.
 Time - 12 hours.
 3.2.2. Principles of Three-Dimensional and Spatial Composition (1st
year, term 1, 2; 2nd years, term 3, 4) Assignment 4 (2nd year, term 3)
 Compositional organization and modelling of open space
 When solving large town planning problems and laying out small areas the
architect is confronted with the problem of organising open spaces.
 The aim is to study the main rules, methods and, means of organising open
spaces.
 Tasks:
 To organise compositionally an open space, using three-dimensional
elements and topography.
 To complete the given spatial composition, using methods of solving
compositions of three-dimensional forms and planes.
 The surface of the foundation can be horizontal or sloping (the angle is not to
exceed 30°), so stepping in one or more levels are used.
 The model is done out of monochrome paper or cardboard. Its size in plan is
from 20 to 30cm, in height-lip to 15cm.
 It is possible to use auxiliary flat or three-dimensional elements dividing the
space to reveal the space. Attention should be paid to successive perception
by a moving observer. Time - 12 hours.

 Compositional comparison of closed contrast space
 Designing architectural structures requires the architect's
capability to achieve artistic expression of both individual
interior spaces and the combinations of all spaces using
their comparative characteristics as expressed in light and
shade.
 The aim is to master main rules, methods and means of
organising closed spaces.
 3.2.2. Principles of Three-Dimensional and Spatial Composition (1st year,
term 1, 2; 2nd years, term 3, 4) Assignment 5 (2nd year, term 3)
 Tasks are to master skills of employing contrasts in a spatial composition,
to find methods of revealing characteristics of each space.
 A composition consisting of two interconnected contrasting interior
spaces is developed. The contrast can be achieved by changing
parameters in one or several characteristics:
 Correlation of co-ordinates (deep, vertical, frontal and other spaces).
 Dimensions.
 Shape of the plan (square, circle, etc., symmetrical and asymmetrical).
 Degree of closeness (closed or partly closed).
 It is obligatory to define the scale of the space by a symbolic human
figure.
 The composition is executed from paper.
 It is possible to use the following methods to reveal the constructed
composition:
 To compare contrasting forms of elements and their divisions.
 To compare mass and space between elements.
 It is necessary to pay special attention to a clear design of space as well as
to the organisation of successive perception of the composition during the
observer's movement in it.
 The dimensions of the model should be from 20 to 30 cm. Floors in the
model can be omitted or shown in the form of removable elements. Time
- 12 hours.
 Correlation of the interior space with its three-dimensional form
and environment
 The architectural structure is an organised interior space limited
by material surfaces. These surfaces form the block of structure
seen from outside. One of the conditions of creating the
architectural structure composition is the unity between the
interior space and the external form of the building, limiting it.
The aim of the assignment is to master compositional rules,
methods and means of organising interior space systems, three-
dimensional forms and their connection with the environment.
 3.2.2. Principles of Three-Dimensional and Spatial Composition (1st
year, term 1, 2; 2nd years, term 3, 4) Assignment 6 (2nd year, term 4)
 Correlation of the interior space with its three-dimensional form and
environment
 Tasks: to provide a composition consisting of several interconnected closed
spaces (of interior type)
 To reveal the character of the compositional organisation of closed spaces in
the external form of the building, limiting these spaces;
 To create the interrelation of the inner space and the environment (i.e. the
open space surrounding the building).
 The inner space is to represent one compositional system of several closed
spaces. The number of spaces should be from 3 to 5.
 The model is prepared in the scale 1:50.
 Overall dimensions of the spaces in each co-ordinate must be from 2.5m to
6m. The general height of the composition must not exceed 10m.
 The composition is to be located on a square space 20m x 20m.
 The model is executed from monochrome paper or cardboard.
 To define the dimensions of the composition in relation to man there should
be a symbolic observer's figure on the model.
 Correlation of the interior space with its three-dimensional
form and environment
 Methodological instructions
 The size of spaces can be in contrast or shade relations.
 Rectangular planes (no linear or three-dimensional
elements) limit closed spaces.
 Planes can intersect each other, adjoin each other or be
apart.
 Surfaces of the foundations of open and closed spaces can be
located on one or several levels.
 Time - 14 hours.
 3.3.1. History and Theory of World and Fatherland Culture (1st year,
terms 1, 2; 2nd year, terms 3, 4)
 The course includes 53 lecture hours and 53 seminars.
 The course is divided into two parts:
 1. History of Fatherland (1st year, terms 1, 2)
 The knowledge of fatherland history is necessary for the specialist of such
creative profession as architecture.
 The task of the course is to provide the concrete knowledge on the
principal events and important persons and statement in various historic
epochs, to form an impression on the legality of homeland history as a
unity process.
 It is important to help the students to understand the peculiarity of
various pastimes, to imagine the historic epochs as a complete picture.
 The course consists of 8 themes, devoted to various stages of the
homeland history – from ancient Russia up to the contemporary period.
 The form of knowledge control is a credit test after 1st term and an exam –
after 2nd term.
 3.3.1. History and Theory of World and Fatherland Culture (1st
year, terms 1, 2; 2nd year, terms 3, 4)
 2. History and Theory of World Culture (2nd year, terms 3, 4)
 The course is oriented to the students' study of the world history
on a cultural basis. Such an approach supposes a notion about
history as an aim of some closed and final culture - blocks. This
approach is believed to be extremely realistic and to give
perspective, as it is most fruitful in the sphere of studying the
interaction of cultures.
 The methods are based on the ideas formed by the mid 20th
century about the regional character of cultures and about their
existence on the chronological axis in the form of closed cycles.
 The course tends to overcome the chronological disproportion
between epochs (i.e. extended study of modern cultures at the
expense of ancient epochs). While following this principle our
own Eastern Christian culture, beginning from Byzantium is
given preference and corresponds to one half of the course.
 The structure of the course consists of 4 parts:
 Study of ancient, (not existing now) cultures. Culture of Egypt,
Mesopotamia, Aegean culture and Crete Mycenae culture
 Emergence and early stages of existing cultures (emergence of
Christianity, Christian antiquity, emergence of Byzantine culture,
Islam, western European culture)
 Existence of modern cultures in the middle ages (Renaissance,
Russian Middle Ages, classical medieval Islam)
 Existing cultures
 The methodological lecture course is completed by seminars. The
aim is to strengthen and deepen knowledge, to provide feed back
with students. At seminars they analyse essays - independent
students' work on suggested themes.
 The entire course of Art History has been recently divided into two subjects: History
of Arts and History of Russian Arts.
 The aim of the course is: 1)to help to form the aesthetic tastes and creative position of
future architects on the basis of acquaintance with the history of the world artistic
process; 2) to introduce the student to the fine arts: painting, sculpture, graphics, and
decorative and applied arts.
 The task is to help to form artistic thinking and sense of harmony and to show the
possibility of synthesis of fine arts and architecture.
 By studying works of art, the student gets acquainted with general principles of
composition. Acquaintances with concrete works of art in all their historical variety,
and with the main principles of a style development are among the goals of the
course. The course raises the general level of perception of works of art as the
interaction of disciplines of creative process.
 The course comprises 36 hours of lectures and 36 hours of seminars. Lectures are
accompanied by slide demonstration and if possible other forms of acquainting with
historic buildings (films, museums, etc.). There are both obligatory and optional
colloquiums. During the year the student prepares one course project divided into 2
parts: an essay with bibliography in the 1st term, and a graphical analysis in the 2nd
term. Assessment of knowledge is exams after 1st and 2nd terms.
 The course in the history of world architecture (taught in the 2nd
year) is a subject whose study is connected with the development
of students' abilities in architectural designing.
 The tasks of this course are (among others):
 To introduce the student to periods of world architecture history,
historical development of architecture of all nations;
 To show the interdependence of functional, material and
constructive principles of architectural structures and their
compositional character;
 To give students examples of professional analysis of outstanding
historic buildings;
 To acquaint the student with the most important theoretical
architectural teachings;
 To show the student the development of the architect's creative
method on the basis of realising the above-mentioned tasks;
 To provide the student by means of concrete examples with
methods of creatively mastering architectural inheritance.
 The course comprises 60 lecture hours, divided into two
equal parts: 30 hours in the 3rd and 30 hours in the 4th term.
Lectures are accompanied by slides and if possible with
other forms of acquainting with historic buildings (films,
excursions to museums, libraries, visiting historic
buildings).
 Practical seminars are connected with the main problems of
the lecture course. Optional seminars are devoted to
individual periods or regions.
 The course work is divided into two parts: a written essay in
the 3rd term, graphic or model analysis in the 4th term.
Assessment of knowledge is exams after 3rd and 4th terms.
 3.4.1. Higher Mathematics (1st year, terms 1, 2)
 The aim is to master mathematical methods in order to use those
solving engineering problems in architectural designing.
 Forms of teaching:
 Lecture course and seminars on the themes:
 Integral and differential calculus
 Matrices, their types;
 Linear equations, methods of calculations;
 Practical calculation and graphic projects.
 Control projects.
 Practical projects.
 Forms of controlling knowledge:
 Mark for calculation project,
 Credit tests at the end of the 1st term and an examination at the
end of 2nd term.
• 3.4.2. Theoretical Mechanics (1st year, term 2)
• The lecture course and seminars consist of the following themes:
• General questions. (The subject and content of the theoretical mechanics course and
its importance in architectural and engineering education. Historical information.)
• Main notions and axioms of statics.
• System of converging forces.
• Most simple flat systems of parallel forces.
• Arbitrary flat system of forces.
• Trusses.
• Limit equilibrium.
• Spatial system of converging forces.
• Theory of pairs in space.
• Centre of parallel forces and centre of gravity.
• Principles of kinematics and dynamics (optional training).
• Assessment of knowledge – credit test at the end of 2 nd term
• Recommended literature – see after 3.4.3.
 3.4.3. Strength of Materials (2nd year, terms 3, 4)
 Basic notions.
 Tasks and content of the subject: Theoretical and
experimental methods. Resistance of materials and
theoretical mechanics. Main characteristics of the resistance
of materials as deformed bodies. Characteristics of problems
in the course of resistance of materials. Importance and
employment of resistance of materials in construction and
architecture, creation of solid, stable, durable and
economical structures (the main task of the course).
Historical information. Classification of bodies and forces.
Bars, plates and masses. Kinds of bodies. Internal and
external bodies. Deformation and stress. Elasticity, elastic
and non-elastic deformations. Normal, tangential and full
stresses. Main kinds of deformation of bars.
 Tension and pressure.
 Experimental studies of properties of materials.
 Calculation of solidity under the conditions of tension and
pressure.
 Stressed state.
 Geometrical characteristics of flat sections.
 Bending.
 Stresses under bending.
 Deformation under bending.
 Statistically indeterminate beams.
 Torsion (optional).
 Complex resistance.
 Stability of rectilinear rods.
HYDRAULIC PRESS FORGING PRESS
 Calculation and graphic projects
 Theoretical mechanics
 Definition of efforts in truss rods under the action of flat
system of forces.
 Definition of support reactions in a spatial bar.
 Resistance of materials
 Approximate calculation of a column in a multi-storey
building for central pressure.
 Calculation of statistically determinate beams.
 Calculation of statically indeterminate beams.
 Calculation of a centrally pressed steel column of compound
section for longitudinal bending.
 Assessment of knowledge is exams after 3rd and 4th terms.
 Aim is to show the role of building materials on the stage of
projecting, building and maintaining structures, interdependence
of materials, structure and architectural forms.
 Tasks are to provide the possibility to understand physical
properties of building materials.
 To give the latest information about principles of production lists
and characters of building materials.
 To assess the experience of building materials employment and
their influence on the architect's creative conception.
 The discipline comprises a lecture course, laboratory projects, and
simulated professional project.
 Lecture course.
 1. General information on the aims and structure of the Architectural Materials
course in the Higher Architectural School, standardisation of building materials and
elements, their role in architecture and architectural creative activity.

 2. Principles of architectural materials. Scientific classification, properties and
assessment of building materials quality:
 Main principles of the classification in terms of structure (natural and artificial),
purpose and area of employment (structural and finishing).
 Maintenance and technical properties.
 Aesthetic characteristics: form, colour and its parameters, texture, design, pattern.
 Technical and economic characteristics of the production and employment of
materials.
 Quality of building materials and methods of assessment.
 Principles of the production, nomenclature, properties and the areas of employment
of building materials (including wood, natural stone, ceramics, glass, mineral alloys,
metal, concrete, and other materials).
 3. Building materials and architectural activity.
 Interdependence of architectural forms and structural and facing materials.
 Criteria and methodological principles of a rational choice and employment of
materials on the basis of modern architectural and construction practice.
 Practical projects seminars.
 1. Recommended themes of laboratory projects:
 Complex quantity assessment of the quality of elements, their
maintenance and technical properties and aesthetic characteristics;
 Study of the properties of the above mentioned building materials.
 The number of laboratory projects - 12.
 2. Themes of practical seminars:
 Influence of building materials on the creation and perception of
architectural forms;
 Methods of preparing technical requirements for the production and
working out of standards, for internal and external finishing.
 3. Themes of independent project:
 Assessing kinds and properties of building materials for educational
projects;
 Making a model of a three-dimensional composition employing building
materials.
 Number of projects are 3.
 Educational practice
 Acquaintance with the nomenclature and characteristics of
new materials and items at specialised exhibitions, in
finishing the facades and interiors of modern and historic
buildings.
 Acquaintance with technological operations of the
production at building industry enterprises.
 Duration of the practice is 12 days.
 Forms of checking up the knowledge is a credit test after
defending current practical projects, examinations at the end
of the 1st and 2nd terms.
 General aims and tasks of the course is to become acquainted with
building structures and details, and classification of structures,
and to understand the development of building constructions and
their form shaping role in architecture.
 The course includes the study of load bearing principles in
buildings and their elements, and structural requirements for
buildings – appropriateness for building category, durability, fire–
resistant standards, ecological requirements.
 The second year students study structures of low–rise residential
buildings. This part of the course includes lectures and seminars –
8 terms, 34 hours in each term.
 The principal themes of lectures and seminars:
 Structural principles for designing of low–rise buildings. Load
bearing and external wall constructions. Foundations.
 Frameworks for low–rise buildings: constructions in stone,
concrete, timber structures.
 Structural elements of buildings: floors, roofs, roofing, walls,
partitions, doors, windows, balconies, stairs, etc.
 Presentation of working drawings.
 In the 4th term the student should prepare the structural part of the
comprehensive architectural project – "Low–rise residential
building" done in the Department of Principals of Architectural
Design, followed by defence on the complex examination. The
structural part includes several working drawing.
 Assessment of knowledge – credit tests on the end of 3rd and 4th
terms.
 The purpose of the course is to give information on the land
surveying methods for the architectural designing, as well as for
the development of the projects on the building site.
 The course contains the following positions:
 The subject of geodesy and its tasks in designing and building
constructions
 Principles of land surveying.
 Geodetic measurements.
 Topographic surveying.
 Topographic plans and maps
 Methods of geodesic measurements at the architectural
measurements
 The course includes 8 hours of lectures, practical projects and
independent projects on the site.
 Control of knowledge is credit test after 2nd term.
 3.5.1. Descriptive Geometry (1st year, terms 1, 2; 2nd year, term
3)
 This subject develops the spatial ideas and imagination
necessary in any field of engineering activities and particularly
in architectural designing.
 The main tasks of the course are the study different methods of
constructing spatial forms in the plane and solving problems
related to the geometrical construction of these forms.
 The program consists of five main sections:
 Orthogonal projections
 Shadows in orthogonal projections
 Axonometric drawings
 Perspective
 Projections with figure markers, complicated surfaces, special
kinds of perspectives.
 3.5.1. Descriptive Geometry (1st year, terms 1, 2; 2nd year, term 3)
 In the first section special attention is paid to the methods of
geometrical construction and combining surfaces to form spatial
architectural forms.
 "Shadows in orthogonal projections" considers the methods of
shadows projection (mainly the method of ray sections, as well as
shadows of the second order surfaces) most often used in
architectural practice.
 In "Perspective" particular attention is paid to the correct choice of
the point of view, composition of the representation, rational
forms of constructing the basic forms of the object with the
maximum use of the proportional division method.
 The last section deals with questions devoted to vertical planning.
 The course comprises lectures, hands on projects, work with
textbooks and manuals, execution of individual graphic projects,
consultations.
 3.5.1. Descriptive Geometry (1st year, terms 1, 2; 2nd year,
term 3)
 Lectures deal with theoretical problems and basic questions
of the course theorems, which are formulated and proven.
In some cases it is reasonable for this problem solving to be
based upon projective, analytical and differential geometry.
 Seminars deal with the material and problems studied in
lectures to solidify general ideas. The most rational methods
of solution are considered. Students are encouraged to use
methodological manuals (in the lecture material) for the
project and to solve problems with the available initial data.
 During the course students usually do 6 - 8 educational
projects in each term (general volume up to 3 - 4 sheets of
A1 format).
 The assignment, character of presentation, and time of their
execution is determined by the syllabus.
 3.5.1. Descriptive Geometry (1st year, terms 1, 2; 2nd year, term 3)
 While studying the subject, each student is to do independently
some complex graphic projects (orthographic diagram).
 Their list may be as follows:
 Positional and metrical problems for a point, straight line, plane.
 Intersection of surfaces and construction of development.
 Construction of shadows in orthogonal projections.
 Construction of axonometric drawings with shadows.
 Construction of the perspective with shadows.
 Projections with figure markers.
 For the main course sections (orthogonal projections, shadows,

Axonometric drawings and perspective) one control project is to
be held. Assessment of knowledge – exams after 1st and 2nd terms
and a credit test after 3rd term.
 3.5.2. Artistic drawing (1st year, terms 1, 2; 2nd year, terms 3, 4)
 The ultimate aim of teaching artistic or free-hand drawing in an
architectural school is to develop general artistic culture,
understanding and ability to represent architectural forms and
space from nature and imagination, to work out the skill of surely
and correctly expressing one's thoughts by graphic means, which
is extremely important for an architect, and, together with other
subjects, to help to solve architectural technological, structural and
building problems.
 Training students is based on realistic free-hand drawing, whose
logic and essence are connected with materialistic dialectics of the
world cognition. The role of free hand drawing is revealed as a
means of cognition, an instrument for solving different creative
problems as an architect's language.
 3.5.2. Artistic drawing (1st year, terms 1, 2; 2nd year, terms 3, 4)
 The main tasks of the course are:
 To depict architectural forms from nature trying to understand
principles of their spatial construction.
 To execute perspective drawings according to orthogonal
projections of an architectural structure or one's own design.
 To be able to draw from memory and imagination.
 To prepare drafts sketches necessary for finding optimal solutions.
 To solve compositional problems in drawings: from placing the
object on a sheet of paper to compositional construction from
imagination.
 To make best use of various materials and technical methods
(pencil, Indian ink, pen, brush, etc.).
 The drawings executed by students are discussed and assessed. At
the end of each term a credit test is given. Students are given
passes with marks.

3.5.2. Artistic drawing (1st year, terms 1, 2; 2nd year, terms 3, 4)
 The main parts of the "Artistic Drawing" course are:
 Geometric forms
 Man
 Architecture and its environment.
 All these parts have the same methodologies, and analytical and
constructive approaches to the studied and depicted objects.
 Approximate list of assignments:

 1st term
 Introductory lecture
 Drawing of a small architectural structure.
 Reorganising and spatial structuring on the basis of geometric forms.
 Geometry of shadows
 Chiaroscuro - drawing of an architectural detail (capital, rosette, etc.).

 3.5.2. Artistic drawing (1st year, terms 1, 2; 2nd year,
terms 3, 4)
 2nd term
 Analysis of human figure proportions (gypsum model)
 Analysis of human head proportions (gypsum model)
 Drawing of the main projections of the skeleton and
human skinless head and neck.
 Chiaroscuro drawings of (a) a live, and (b) a gypsum
head of a man ("Pergamets" type) in a complex
movement.
 Drawing of an interior. Drawing of an exterior of an
architectural structure.
 3rd term
 Drawings from life: floral objects, animals, machines,
architecture, and design, etc. (different materials).
 Drawing of a human skeleton in basic attitudes.
 Analytical drawings of a human figure (alive and
gypsum) in two attitudes. 2 sheets.
 Drawing of a naked figure in different attitudes
(various materials).
 Perspective drawing of an architectural structure on
the basis of given orthogonal projections (various
materials).
 3.5.2. Artistic drawing (1st year, terms 1, 2; 2nd year, terms 3,
4)
 4th term
 Analytical drawings of a human figure (alive or gypsum) in
two attitudes and drawing of muscles of a human figure in
the same attitudes (2 sheets).
 Chiaroscuro drawing of a human gypsum figure in a
complex attitude with a background.
 Chiaroscuro drawing of a classical bas-relief with human
figures (various materials) 3 sheets.
 Drawing of a street (depth of space).
 21 - 28. Summer educational practice (8 sheets, 60 x 40sm
and album drawings)
 3.5.3. Painting (1st year, terms 1, 2; 2nd year, terms 3, 4)
 The specific features of the common, yet complex task of
"painting" in architectural education, include the skill not only of
colour perception of subjects and phenomena of visible reality,
but also of future reality, imagined by the architect, designing of
new towns, villages, buildings, interiors, etc.
 The methodological basis of the subject is the complex mastering
of creative, theoretical, and tectonic and colour thinking as well as
methods of high execution mastery in realistic materialisation of
architecture as understood by the architect's own concept.
 The first part of the course is the lecture course "Coloristics"
(Colour theory) with introductory lectures on each part of the
program. The course is a basis for idea-image colour thinking in
the creative activity of the architect and painter and introduces the
student to the laws of visual colour perception.
 The second methodological part is the practical, creative and
studio course "Painting", which consists of academic and
compositional exercises in solving architectural and pictorial
problems in designing, easel painting, monumental and
decorative painting, applied art, and architecture of interiors,
buildings and towns.
 The program of specialised academic exercises in painting in
architectural education is based on the same complex and colour
problems, on principles of the synthesis of arts in architecture, and
on methods of the successive development of creative abilities of
the student in his colour thinking. The program is realised by
exercises in painting from nature, in studio and in the outdoors,
by compositional exercises, architectural graphic drawings, three-
dimensional and spatial models, and monumental, decorative and
symbolic elements of architectural composition.
 The main assignments.
 1st year, term 1
 Figurative activity
 Study of principles for forming colour schemes, palette, and
the painting field. Assignments for still life pictures in
studio.
 Lectures. Principles of forming colouring in painting. The
colour circle and its laws in the form of a composition.
 Assignments.
 Colour nuance and contrast.
 Limited palette.
 General tone and it’s dominant and contrast.
 1st year, term 2
 Principles of compositional work
 Constructing a pictorial composition, study of the character
of representation, methods and laws.
 Lectures: visual models and character of representation.
Development of rendering techniques in painting.
 Assignments.
 Flat composition.
 Modelling of volume using local colour.
 Spatial and environmental composition.
 Analysis of works by masters of painting.
 2nd year, term 3
 Techniques of watercolour painting in architectural
drawings.
 Lecture: laws of chiaroscuro phases and technology of
watercolour painting.
 Assignments.
 Architectural drawing of a detail.
 Perspectives of a structure and interior executed in
watercolour washing-in.
 2nd year, term 4
 Sketching outdoors a series of sketches on the themes:
architecture and town space as preparation for summer
practice in painting and artistic drawing.
 Summer practice
 The aim: with the help of figurative means to show the
interconnection of architecture and environment, colour and
shape of architecture in the composition of an architectural
landscape.
 Assignments: a fragment of an object, an object in an
environment, ensemble or group of objects, town panorama.
 3.6.1. Foreign Language. (1st year, terms 1, 2; 2nd year, terms 3, 4)
 Mastering a foreign language is an integral component of
professional training for specialists.
 The foreign language course is of professionally oriented
character.
 The educational role of the foreign language is connected with the
possibility of getting direct access to information which is
impossible without its knowledge, of gaining skills in working
with scientific literature, widening general and professional
outlook, and gaining skills in communicating with foreign
colleagues.
 Structure of the course
 The course is subdivided into basic and optional ones. The basic
course provides 140 hours and ends in an examination, the option
ends in a credit test or an examination (depending on the
character and forms of teaching).
 3.6.1. Foreign Language. (1st year, terms 1, 2; 2nd year, terms
3, 4)
 The basic course comprises the following forms of training
 Group training in classrooms under the direction of the
teacher
 Obligatory independent project according to the teacher's
assignment
 Individual independent project under the direction of the
teacher
 Consultations.
 After the basic course the student can choose an optional
one (50 - 60 academic hours).
 3.6.1. Foreign Language. (1st year, terms 1, 2; 2nd year,
terms 3, 4)
 The basic course comprises the following forms of
training
 Group training in classrooms under the direction of the
teacher
 Obligatory independent project according to the
teacher's assignment
 Individual independent project under the direction of
the teacher
 Consultations.
 After the basic course the student can choose an optional
one (50 - 60 academic hours).

3.6.1. Foreign Language. (1st year, terms 1, 2; 2nd year, terms 3, 4)
 Depending on specificity of the professional training of students and their
interests the department offers a number of optional courses so students
have a free choice:
 Reading and translation of literature on the speciality
 Course of editors-translators
 Another foreign language
 Improvement of oral speech skills
 Course of guide’s-interpreters
 Semiotics
 Themes of educational materials are determined by themes of key
subjects (Moscow architecture, historic buildings of the countries of the
studied language, architectural styles with the analysis of concrete
buildings, projects of children playground and-houses, works of famous
world architects).
 In each term students take tests in studied themes and do two projects. At
the end of the 1, 2 and 3 term’s students take credit tests and at the end of
the fourth term they take an examination.
 3.6.2. Physical Training (1st year, terms 1, 2; 2nd year, terms 3, 4; 3rd year, terms 5, 6; 4th
year, terms 7, 8)
 The aim of physical training at the Institute is the formation of the student's physical
culture as a system and integral quality of the person, an integral component of general
culture of the future specialist.
 The course provides for the solution of the following tasks:
 Helping many-sided development of the organism, preservation and strengthening of
health, development of professionally important qualities.
 Mastering methodological and organisational principles of physical culture.
 Forming students' requirements for physical improvement and maintenance of high
health level.
 Forming skills of independent leisure arrangement with the use of physical culture and
sport.
 The course runs for 4 years (in the first and second – 4 hours a week, in the 3 rd and 4th –
2 hours) with credit tests in the following disciplines: athletics, swimming, volleyball,
shooting, mini-football, basketball, tennis, rhythmical gymnastics, athletic gymnastics,
general physical training and professionally oriented training. In addition, after the
lessons students are trained in sections under the direction of teachers.
 Dean of the Faculty (FFT)
professor T.A.Djakonova
 Training Course for 3rd and 4th Academic Years

 Speciality (State index):
 2901– Architecture
 2902 – Design of Architectural Environment
 Aims and Strategy
 The Faculty of Fundamental Training trains both 3rd year and 4th year
students of the MARCHI. The training process is oriented to a
comprehensive artistic, compositional, scientific, and technical education
from a humanitarian standpoint. The training is realised in two aspects:
theoretical and practical. During architectural design fusion of theory and
practice takes place: scientific, theoretical and technical knowledge
acquired separately is integrated into creative work.
 Training at the Faculty of Fundamental Training provides for a broad,
fundamental education in architecture and town planning, typology of
buildings, complex of engineering, and structural and economical
subjects. Students master lasting skills in architectural designing of
various objects of architecture and town planning. The fundamental
character of methods mastered by the young specialist and his ability to
solve complicated problems in any field of architecture are extremely
important.
 Methods and Forms of Training
 The training of students at the faculty is realised in the differential
or integral manner in the form of lectures, seminars or practical
training. In the first case, knowledge in every subject is acquired by
practical (term) projects, and executed independently. In the second
case, term designs are executed on the basis of the key subject
material and both are further developments of these materials.
 One of the basic methods of training the 3rd and 4th year students
is the method of comprehensive designing. The comprehensive
designing is an integral method of teaching in which architectural
solutions worked out keeping in mind various auxiliary subjects.
Comprehensiveness means integration, and synthesis of various
disciplines and knowledge when executing an architectural
assignment.
 Purpose of the method:
 To reveal the interconnection (mutual dependence and dialectics)
of artistic and technical principles of designing.
 To teach students to use acquired knowledge directly in their
designs.
 To overcome the isolation of engineering subjects from the key
subject (i.e. architectural designing) to make their content meet the
requirements of architectural training.
 To organise execution of all parts of practical exercises and
projects in engineering and other disciplines on the basis of the
architectural design executed by the students.
 To form a motivation for the student to study various subjects.
The number of subjects connected with comprehensive design is
not to exceed 3 or 4 in each individual design.
 Comprehensive designs differ in the method of execution. There
can be different methods of work in the comprehensive design:
 The participation of engineers and other specialists is limited to
consultations given together with architects during
architectural design training.
 Students do practical exercises and calculations in engineering
and other subjects for their completed design.
 The planned practical exercises and calculations in related
subjects are executed while solving architectural solutions and
are presented together to be assessed as one project.
 Such designs are to be defended by the student in the presence of
a commission comprising specialists in all aspects of the
comprehensive design.
 The projects are completed in three stages.
 The first stage is to be a technically correct architectural solution
(i.e. no special technical drawings and schemes are required.)
 The second stage requires doing some special engineering
calculations and schemes on the basis of the completed
architectural design. Architectural and engineering parts of the
design are presented and assessed separately.
 The third stage requires taking into consideration the results of
engineering calculations and schemes working at the architectural
solution. It is a true model of real designing.
 Assessment of the training process results
 The assessment of the training process and the mastery of knowledge and skills are
provided in three basic forms: operative, current and final.
 Operative assessment occurs directly during consultations in designing and term
and graphic projects, at seminars.
 Current assessment consists of checking the project execution at intermediate stages
(in architectural designing they are: short-term design on the theme, draft-idea, and
draft). Interim calculations and graphic projects in engineering and humanities
(both volume and quality of the work) are also taken into account. Also, the design
draft is to be approved by the head of the department or the member of the
department responsible for their design theme. The defence of the design can
accompany the approval of the draft by the student in the presence of a special
commission.
 The final assessment is different in various subjects. In architectural designing it is
the assessment of the quality of the executed proposals. In other subjects it takes the
form of checking knowledge at examinations and credit tests with marks.
 All subjects taught in the 3rd and 4th year of study at the FFT are
united in the following thematic blocks in the curriculum
structure. (See table at the end of this volume)

 I. Architectural Designing
 Architectural Designing
 Principles of Theory of Urban and District Planning
 Architectural Typology of Buildings and Structures
 The Soviet and Modern Foreign Architecture.
 II. Humanities and Social and Political Subjects
 Philosophy
 Aesthetics
 Principles of Eethics
 Principles of Religion History
 History of Russian Architecture
 History of Town Planning

 Ill. Engineering and Technical subjects
 Statics of Structures
 Architectural Structures
 Structure Engineering
 Climatology
 Light in Architecture and Lighting Engineering
 Transport and Engineering Services
 Technology of Building Constriction
 Economic Principals of Architectural Practice
 Engineering Equipment of Buildings
 IV. Visual Art Subjects
 Artistic drawing
 Sculpture
 Architectural Coloristics (Colour Theory)
• 2.1.1. Architectural Designing
• The 3rd and 4th year program provides for the general universal training
of students ensuring education of architects of broad specialisation. The
aim is to provide the basis of the knowledge and skills which will enable
the future architect to adapt himself to any field of professional activity,
to design objects meeting any purposes, and to specialise in the chosen
field of architectural designing.
• The main aims of the training are:
• To acquaint the student with norms and principles of designing objects
most widely used in practice.
• To study the experience of designing diverse objects.
• To be able to design for various town planning and natural conditions.
• To apply knowledge in other subjects to the solution of architectural
problems.
• To find their own solutions and realise them in their drawings and
models.
 Structure of Training
 The program in this subject for the 3rd and 4th year students consists of 8-
10 basic assignments. They are projects of a small civic building, an
industrial enterprise, an urban residential building and a residential
district. They represent the basic aspects of the future specialisation.
 Designing stages and assessment of results
 Projects are executed in three stages: concept draft, draft of the design and
graphic execution. Designs are assessed according to a 10-point system.
Expressiveness, originality of the architectural concept, meeting the
functional requirements, correctness of structural scheme, graphic
execution is assessed.
 Presentation
 Projects are executed on a board 1x1m in size and include drawings of
elevations, plans, main floors, sections, site plans and their fragments. In
addition axonometric drawings and models can be presented. Projects are
executed in black-and-white graphics and colour.
 Project 1 (3rd year, term 5) Basic design
 Small civic building with a hall (possible objects: club, tourist
centre, etc.)
 Duration of the work is 6 weeks. The aim is to learn the specifics
of the functional and spatial organisation of the building with one
or two main spaces (halls), foyer and some small rooms. The
student is required to:
 Locate the building taking into account natural and landscape
factors
 Find rational and artistic combination of halls and small rooms
 Provide comfortable conditions for visitors
 Offer an impressive three-dimensional and spatial composition
 Find a rational structural scheme
 Project 2 (3rd year, term 5)
 Interior for the building (Design 1)
 Duration is 2 weeks. The aim is to ensure basic skills of designing
the interior of a building. The elaboration of theme in the interior
is made in two stages:
 Spatial modelling of interior (3rd year) on the theme – "club"
(Project 1), duration – 2 weeks. Model in the scale 1:100 – 1:50
 Work out principals of interior (4th year). Theme – "Museum"
(Project 8), duration 2 weeks, presented in graphic techniques.
 Project 3 (3rd year, term 5) Small industrial building (possible objects: garage,
service station, plants with a simple production technology, etc.)
 Duration is 6 weeks. The aim is to provide initial information and skills in
designing buildings with a strict technological program. The student is to offer an
effective spatial solution of the object, meeting the technological requirements; to
achieve architectural expressiveness of the object by minimum means, to offer a
rational structural system for the building. This design is accompanied by a term
project in "Architectural Structures'' (section - structures of single-store buildings).
 Additional compositional exercise (If done if the previous assignment, takes less
than 6 weeks).
 Duration - 2 weeks. The aim is to generate a new architectural image, a new form of
the object. Possible themes - a conception of skyscraper, building on a difficult site,
soft-shell roofs for buildings, organisation of an exposition in an exhibition hall.
 Project 4 (3rd year, term 6) Mid-rise apartment building
 Duration is 6 weeks. Students design a block of flats to be built in a small town. During
the work on the design, students are to solve the following problems:
 To study the typology of mid-rise apartment buildings
 To define the social program i.e. The purpose of the construction (to be sold, to be let, to
be used for the city council needs, etc.), social status of its inhabitants, social model of
the dwelling
 To chose the necessary type of building and locate a group of buildings on the offered
area on this basis
 To define necessary types of flats (their sizes, number of rooms, etc.)
 To work out plans, elevations and sections on the basis of defined functional and social
requirements
 To ensure that architectural solutions correspond to acting regulations
 To chose a rational structural scheme and the way of construction.
 Consultations are given together with structural engineers. The particular design is often
used as a basis for practical exercises in the subjects: "Architectural Structures",
"Technology of Construction'' (erection of the part of the building above the ground,
finishing).
 Project 5, (3rd year, term 6)
 Settlement for 1-1.5 thousand inhabitants
 Duration is 6 weeks. The aim is to provide initial conceptions and
skills in organisation of residential environment as a town
planning system. While designing, the student is to study the
given natural and landscape situation to work out the functional
and planning frame of the settlement for the given situation
(zoning of the territory, structure of pedestrian and vehicle
communications, system of service industry), to work out
residential development (to chose the necessary types of housing,
define their siting), to model the settlement centre.
 Consultations are provided in problems of ecology and transport.
 Project 6 (4th year, term 7)
 Secondary school
 Duration is 6 weeks. Many departments on designs in their
specialisation spend this time. In this way students get an
opportunity to study one of the fields of architectural activity in
which they can specialise more thoroughly beginning in the 5th
year. Problems are defined in each case individually.

 Project 7 (4th year, term 8 )
 Museum
 Duration is 6 weeks. This is a town museum of medium size. It
could be a museum of natural history, or domestic arts and crafts,
museum of a large industrial enterprise, or of public activities and
interest etc.
 The design includes the elaboration of principal elements of
interior (2 weeks). The principal task is the designing of some
social object in the town’s build-up environment.
 Planning of a residential town district for 10-15 thousand
inhabitants
 Duration is 8 weeks. The design is worked out for a real situation.
While working at this design students deepen their knowledge
acquired earlier in landscape architecture and general
architectural and spatial devices of urban residential environment
solution.
 In addition to this new problems are set: solution of local
problems on the basis of the general design of the town, working
out a developed system of cultural and everyday life service of the
population and greenery system, organisation of pedestrian and
vehicle traffic and (most importantly) creation of an impressive
architectural and artistic appearance of residential development.
 Planning of a residential town district for 10-15 thousand
inhabitants
 The work at the design is carried out with specialists in ecology
and transport taking an active part in it. Practical exercises are
done in these subjects in order to check and correct solutions of
the architectural design.
 The mark is determined by a defence. The design is assessed
according to the knowledge of town planning norms and rules,
capability to organise and design urban environment as a complex
multifunctional system and to creation of a memorable
appearance of the residential district, town block, and group of
buildings.
 Multi-story block of flats
 Duration is 8 weeks. This comprehensive project consists of two stages:
Project 9 – designing of the basic conceptual decision and project №10 –
the detailed elaboration of the Project 9 in the form of work drawings.
 The aim of Project 9 is to work out a design of a building with at least 6
stories (to be constructed in the town district in project 7). The student is
required to study norms, typology and principles of designing residential
buildings with elevators, to study town planning conditions on the site, to
work out the general structure of the building and two or three types of
flat, to suggest the general shape of the block, and composition of the
facades, taking into consideration town planning conditions, to find a
rational solution of the basic constructive problems, and to take into
account requirements of engineering equipment when defining the
building's planning. Consultations are given together with structural
engineers, and specialists in engineering equipment.
 Drawing of a multi-story residential block (continuation of the previous
assignment)
 Duration is 2-3 weeks. The aim of this design is to acquire initial
experience in the basic parts of the design (structures, equipment,
building materials, and economics), students are to fully show the
interconnection of architectural and engineering solutions and to master
normative demands of working designs and their formation.
 The "Structure" section is to display drawings explaining the structure of
floors, and external walls, and to work out of a typical fragment or
architectural detail (oriole, entrance, staircase, mansard story, etc., 3-4
constructive joints, specification of elements (units) for the erection of
walls and floors.
 In the "Building Materials" section there should be a list of basic materials
for the erection of buildings, and their external and internal finishing.
 In the "Economics" section there is a calculation of the construction cost.
 Designs are drawn on 8-10 sheets (A-3 format) under the
supervision of architects and specialists in these subjects.
 Additional project training:
 During the 3 – 4 years training in the architectural design the
student could perform additional or alternative project studies on
various competition programs such as OTIS (USA), Lyceum
Fellowship (USA), SAN–TIM (Hungary), and others.
 The institute has established the Training of students in computer
programming and techniques for the architectural design, such as
AUTOCAD 13, 3DStudio 4, 3DMax, and CADdy 10,
AutoArchitect (by Softdesk).
 Skills obtained by the students are applicable in the academic
study projects including working drawing, interior designing, and
presentation of projects.
 The course in "Regional Planning" introduces students of all specialities to
the basic principles of territory spatial planning.
 The course content is displayed in lectures and contains the following
basic questions: the aims and tasks of regional planning (territory spatial
planning), the interrelation of district planning problems with social,
economic, and demographic processes, the main forms of population
distribution (urban agglomerations, large, medium and small towns, rural
distribution), the formation of the distribution frame, the sections of
regional planning (transport and engineering services, natural and
economic questions of regional planning, and the specifics of economic
development of land (objects of district planning): industry, agriculture
and forestry, nature management, etc.), and comprehensive planning
organisation of the territory.
 At the end of the 8th term a test is given to check the course material
knowledge.
 The course runs for 34 hours and is to give students knowledge
about methods of forming different types of buildings and
structures ensuring successful realization of processes of labour,
everyday life, recreation and culture, ethics, and aesthetics.
Lectures reveal notions of architecture as a single system of social,
functional, technological, ideological and artistic factors in their
unity. They also explain the main requirements of industrial,
residential and civic buildings and structures, and the principles
of designing various types of building and structure, taking into
consideration their preferable features and characteristics, and
place and role in an urban and natural environment.
 Great attention is paid to students' understanding of social
principles of buildings and structures, architectural principles of
designing, and the specifics of the formation of industrial,
residential and civic buildings and structures, as well as their
planning (three-dimensional/spatial, structural,
engineering/technical, architectural and artistic) solutions.
 As a result, the student is to possess knowledge of principles of
typology of buildings and structures of various kinds and to take
a credit test at the end of the term.
2.2. Humanity, Social and
Political Subjects
 The aim of the course is to communicate knowledge about
historical types of outlook, main notions and categories of
philosophy by means of historical, theoretical and
methodological cognition of the world and employment of
philosophical methods in the work of the architect.
 The course consists of 68 lecture hours, and 60 seminars.
Colloquiums are conducted. Students write essays. At the
end of the 5th term they take a credit test, and after the 6th
term an examination.
 The aim of this course is to introduce students to the main
notions, schools and trends of Russian and foreign
aesthetics as well as their influence on modern trends in
architecture.
 The course consists of 36 lecture hours and 32 seminar
hours. Colloquiums are given. Students write essays, take a
credit test (at the end of the 7th term), and take an
examination (after the 8th term).
 The aim of this course is to introduce students to religious
and ethical teachings, and to show their influence on
architecture, and the architect's work. At the end of the
course students take an oral test. The leading specialists in
the Department of Philosophy take turns delivering this
special course.
• These subjects complete the historical subject course begun at the
Faculty of General Training. They represent a successively studied
cycle of subjects, and ensure mastering the world architectural
and artistic heritage in its historical development.
• "History of Russian Architecture" teaching meets all the previous
year requirements, but it also has to satisfy some additional
requirements. In this course, introduction to the whole of the
country's architectural heritage (its national, regional and local
schools) is accentuated. The purpose of the History of Russian
Architecture is not only to give students all necessary information,
but also to show the importance of a creative approach to the
preservation of the historic environment, problems of keeping
national originality of architecture, and questions of the
correspondence of architectural creative activity to the local
cultural, artistic and natural context.
 A study by each student of the Russian architecture development
process, and the main features of its evolution, periods, and
originality.
 Acquaintance with all (without any exception) outstanding
examples of Russian architecture and, as well as possible, with all
historic Russian buildings in general.
 Acquaintance with the specifics of the historic environment and
the basic principles of its interpretation when designing.
 Contribution to the formation of architectural conceptual aspects,
connected with the preservation of the architectural heritage in
Russia.
 Teaching students methods of analysing historical buildings of
Russia.
• “History of Town Planning Art” completes the historical
subjects’ cycle. Not only does it examine outstanding towns and
cities and their ensembles, and the whole process of urbanisation
of this planet in general, but also includes important theoretical
aspects. This course is based on a comprehensive conception of
the town, which takes into consideration its social and economic
development, and the ecology of urban culture. The course
organically consists of the history of theoretical teachings about
settlement planning beginning from Antiquity, and including
epochs of Renaissance, Baroque, Classicism, and 19th and 20th
centuries. The analysis of the whole system of human settlements
in general (dating from various epochs in the structure of the
historic landscape affected by the man) also plays an important
part in this course.
 Acquaintance with the world history of town development.
 Study of the theory of historical teachings in the field of town
planning.
 Explanation of characteristic professional methods of town
planners of various historical epochs and countries.
 Analysis of professional town planning problem solution in
various historical epochs.
 Formation of careful attitude to the historic urban environment,
developing an understanding of its specifics.
 Analysis of urban ensembles, town planning, and historic
territories.
 The methods of teaching the historic cycle subjects in the
MARKHI combine traditional University teaching of historical
courses with the specifics of professional approach, which focuses
on creative problems. The syllabus structure is the same for all
subjects, and consists of the following elements: lecture course,
seminars, course work, consultations with members of the
teaching staff, and examinations.
 The course work consists of writing an essay, compiling a
bibliography on the chosen theme, and making a graphic analysis
according to the particular building or problem.
 The execution of the course work is carried out in close co-
operation of the student and the staff member. In this manner, the
theme is chosen, the form of analysis is defined, data is collected,
and bibliography is compiled.
 At the end of each term the student takes an examination. Only
students who have submitted their course work and got a "pass"
for them are admitted to take the examination. To get this "pass"
the student's work must meet a number of criteria: acquaintance
with the theme, orientation in literature, covering a wide range of
data, and quality of the analysis.
 The main aim of studying the architecture of this country of 1910 -
1990 is to foster professional culture of the prospective architect,
and widen his professional outlook. The course describes the main
stages of the development of Soviet architecture (e.g. the 20s, the
30s, the post-war period). Major themes include: the development
of the "New Moscow" General Plan (1918 - 1924), the architectural
competition of the 20s, (Palace of Labour, Housing for Workers
etc.), the architecture of the Agricultural Exhibition (1923), the
work of masters belonging to different creative trends, the
architectural competition for the buildings of Narkomtyazhprom
(Ministry of Heavy Industry), the Palace of Soviets, the
architecture of exhibition pavilions, the architectural conceptions
of Stalinist epoch, the reconstruction of destroyed cities (Kiev,
Sevastopol, Stalingrad, etc), the architecture of mass housing, etc.
 Students attend lectures and seminars and do a practical study (a small
historical research on a theme defined by the teacher). Examples include:
finding literature (with articles from journals) describing the history of
building some object, comparing competition designs of some object in
the form of a verbal description or a graphic work, etc.
 Some practical projects are carried out in the form of the examination of a
building, often together with foreign students (e.g. a study was carried
out on the club built by Melnikov in Stromynka and residential building
of Narkomfin by Ginzburg and Milinis).
 To check the efficiency of the lecture course and seminars, special tests
are conducted. For example, students may draw objects named by the
teacher without referring to books.
 The credit test at the end of each term is conducted in the form of a
discussion with the teacher and in the form of answers to question of a
general nature on problems touched upon at lectures and seminars.
2.3. Engineering and Technical
Subjects
 The course provides studying of the following problems: kinematics analysis of
structures, calculations of statically determinate systems, statically determinate
multi-span beams, three-hinged arches and frames, statically determinate trusses,
general theorems of building mechanics of elastic systems, calculations of statically
indeterminate frames, calculations of statically indeterminate arches, calculation of
space systems, and calculations of retaining walls. On the basis of this course the
student is to apply his knowledge in architectural design process easily, examine
geometric rigidity of the structure, define efforts as statically determinate and
indeterminate systems, calculate movements, check stability of compressed
elements, and so on. The student is to be able to evaluate the strength and
durability of the structure.
 Forms of teaching are lectures, practical training, and seminars.
 During the Training process the student executes four calculation and graphic
works.
 At the end of the term students take a credit test, and at the end of the course an
examination.
 The aim of this course is to teach methods of designing the "box" of the
building as a unity of individual elements which match the architectural
conception and to realise it.
 The course consists of two sections:
 Section 1 - Architectural structures of large-span single-storey
industrial and civic buildings.
 Section 2 - Architectural structures of multi-storey buildings.
 This sequence of material is explained by its thematically connection
with the key subject - architectural design and gradual complication of
the material. The first of these factors is extremely important as
"Architectural Structures" teaching is based on the principle of
comprehensive designing, as it has been mentioned in section 2.2.1. The
gist of this method consists in feed-forward and feedback connections
between the key and related subjects namely:
 Depending on architectural design, which is considered "basic" term,
designs are worked out in those related subjects which can influence its
three-dimensional and planning solutions, and the basic design is
completed and developed in its sections.
 These term designs help to consolidate students' knowledge in the related
subject in a comprehensive perception with architectural problems.
 These term designs are presented at the comprehensive design defence
and help to justify the design solutions, and to reveal students'
knowledge in complex.
 The teaching takes the form of lectures and practical training in the
following way: lectures are given and seminars are held. Then, the
designs are prepared. At the end of the 5th term students take an
examination, and at the end of the 7th term they take a credit test.

 The part of the course taken on 4th year (7-8 terms) consists of
three following divisions:

 Steel Structures
 The aim of teaching this subject is to study problems of forming
structures, joints, and details, approximate methods of calculating
structures, and recommendations for their rational employment.
Teaching this subject is realised in the forms of lectures and
practical training. The lecture course (20 academic hours) consists
of two sections. The first one consists of the following: general
information on steel structures, principles of calculation of metal
structures, joining metal structures, beams and columns
(calculation and construction), roof trusses, types of trusses,
calculation of trusses and construction of joints.
 The second section consists of frame structures, arched structures,
domed structures, and cross-rod structures. After each section
assessment tests are given.
 During the whole term consultation seminars are conducted as
well as additional consultations. Term calculation and graphic
work assignments are given, and students defend their work.
 The calculation and graphic work consists of arranging the
constructive scheme of the building, calculating the main load-
bearing structure of the building frame, constructing joints of the
main load-bearing structure, and the graphic execution of the
work.
 At the end of the term an examination is held.
 Timber Structures
 This subject Introduces students to the principles of design, calculations,
preparation, and assembly of wooden structures serving various
functions. Physical and mechanical properties, structural specifics and
calculation methods of timber structure elements are discussed. The
course consists of a cycle of lectures (20 academic hours). Students study
the following themes: general information on wooden structures,
calculation of elements, joining timber structure elements, beams,
constructing timber, steel and wooden trusses, flat thrust structures
(arches and frames), space structures and structures out of plastics. Two
projects to check comprehension of these themes are given.
 During the term students do a course in calculating and graphic work. It
consists of arranging the constructive scheme of the building, calculating
the main bearing structure, constructing and calculating joints of the main
bearing structure and graphic design of the work.
 Reinforced Concrete Structures
 This subject examines questions of the employment of pre-stressed and
pre-fabricated or monolith decking, prefabricated construction, and
assembly of buildings and structures out of advanced structures, etc.
 The course consists of 23 lectures and 2 course calculation and graphic
projects.
 In each term students write 2 check up papers on the themes of lectures:
physical and mechanical properties of concrete, armature and ferro-
concrete, principles of calculation of reinforced concrete elements,
specifics of their construction, and principles of designing reinforced
concrete structures. Students also study civic and industrial buildings,
structural designs of single-storey and multi-storey frame and panel
buildings, floor structures, questions of calculation and construction of
large-span fiat and space structures.
 The first course calculation and graphic task is done in the
7th term on the theme “calculation and construction of
prefabricated reinforced concrete elements of a frame single-
storey or multi-storey building”. It consists of arranging the
structural scheme of the building, calculating prefabricated
ferro-concrete elements of the building, constructing
prefabricated elements and joints of the frame building, and
the graphic design of the task.
 At the end of 7th term students take a credit test.
 The second course task is done in the 8th term. It is an
individual assignment devoted to calculating and
constructing space or flat roofing structure of a large-span
civic or industrial building. It consists of a draft solution of
the building structure in two versions, arranging of the
structure scheme of the building, calculating the main load
bearing of the roofing, constructing and solving joints of the
bearing structure of the roofing, graphic design of the task.
 At the end of the 8th term students are to take an
examination in the whole course of reinforced concrete
structures.
 This course completes the "Building Materials" course began
in the 1st year. The aim of the course is to show the role of
building materials in the creation of an architectural image
of the building structure. Its tasks consist of the appreciation
of the role of building materials in the creation, the
development and perception of an architectural form, and
the demonstration of the possibility regulating aesthetic
characteristics of building materials (i.e. in order to get the
required appearance of the external and internal finishing of
the building appreciation of the experience of finishing
building materials employment).
 The course consists of practical training, and seminars with
a credit test at the end.
 These subjects are parts of the "Architectural Physics" course.
They begin with an introductory section, “Subject and Role of
Architectural Physics in the Architect's Creative Method"
 The main aim of the course is to give an idea of the natural and
artificial environments affected by the man and the laws of its
formation to satisfy utilitarian and aesthetic needs of man.
 The main task of the course is to show theoretical principles of
forming the thermal, lighting and acoustic environment when
designing towns as well as civic, industrial and residential
buildings, to describe principles of architectural climatology and
heat engineering specifics of buildings, and methods of
normalisation, calculation and design of lighting, acoustics and
sound insulation of buildings.
 The introduction examines the problem: nature-man
architecture-ecology and its requirement in relation to the
architect's professional skill.
 “Architectural Climatology” analyses general notions on
climate and factors forming climate such as balance of
radiation and heat, general atmosphere circulation, and the
situation of the building (to account for weather conditions,
and heat and light environment in urban spaces and
buildings).
 Students study:
 Principles of climate division of the country into regions and normalisation of
natural climate conditions for purposes of architectural designing;
 Physiological principles of heat and moisture exchange of humans with the
environment;
 Notions of sanitary norms and comfort;
 Methods of considering natural and climate conditions of the area when designing;
 Typological specifics of town planning and designing civic buildings in the North,
in middle latitudes and hot South of the country and planet, rules of forming
architectural solutions of these problems and their perception by humans
depending on climate conditions being analysed as well as the interdependence of
these conditions with the principal categories of architecture and the architect's
creative method, and national traditions and conditions of life;
 Principles of thermal microclimate, and heat insulating properties of external
enclosing structures.
• The "Climatology" course is taught through lectures (16 academic hours)
and practical training (18 hours) for preparing "the climate passport" of
the area for the design term.
• "Light in Architecture" consists of four sections: a) the sun in architecture
(isolation and sun protection); b) diffused light of the sky in architecture
(natural lighting of rooms); c) artificial light in architecture (light
architecture); d) colour in architecture (architectural colour science).
• "Architectural Light Science" examines the role of light in architecture,
the ability of light and colour to form architecture, principles of
calculation methods of modelling the light and colour environment, and
graphic and experimental methods of modelling the light and colour
environment.
• The course consists of 40 lecture hours, 20 seminars, and two laboratory
tasks.
• The current progress is checked by the submission of calculations and a
graphic task. A credit test is in the 6th term, and examinations are in the 7-
8 terms.
• The aim of the course is to give necessary knowledge in the interaction of
transport and planning, to satisfy of the present transport requirements
for laying out streets, roads and squares, to provide transport servicing
for various buildings and complexes, to project a complex of engineering
measures for rational employment of urban land (providing drainage of
surface waters, defence of land from floods, valley formation, landslides,
mudflows), and to improve city lands.
• The "Transport" section takes one term: 17 lectures and 18 hours of
practical training. The course consists of studying of such elements of the
urban transport system as mass and individual passenger transport,
cargo-carrying vehicles, street and road networks, intersections in one or
different levels, provision of transport servicing residential and civic
development, basic notions of external rail, water, air and motor traffic.
• When studying these problems, students prepare a course task on a
comprehensive solution of problems connected with transport servicing
residential and civic development, and transport problems of a
comprehensive architectural design of residential area.
• Students get a pass mark on the basis of their knowledge of the theoretical
material, quality of course work, and the solution of transport problems in the
architectural design.
• "Engineering service'' is studied for one term. (17 lectures and 16 hours of
practical training). The course consists of studying the influence of the
topography on land planning, methods and devices of vertical planning,
methods of organisation of water-ways and drainage systems, defence of
urban land from under-watering and flooding, methods of creating reservoirs
and their engineering services, special cases of engineering work on sites
(appearance of valleys, landslides, subsidence of rock, mudflows etc.), and
principles of engineering improvement of the land (driveways and
pavements, greenery, lighting, and underground services).
• Students prepare a course task on a series of problems, connected with the
solution of engineering services on the residential development of land: the
improvement of water ways, vertical planning of a street plot, intersection and
the territory inside the town block.
• The test with a mark takes into account both the knowledge of the theoretical
material and the course work quality.
FLOODING FLOOD BARRIER
PIPE RAINWATER PIPES
TUNNEL TUNNEL LIGHTING
NAVIGABLE WATERWAY DRIVEWAY
 The purpose of the course is to introduce students to up-to-
date methods of the employment of building materials,
structures, technical means and methods of building (and
assembly) processes when erecting buildings, and structures
of various architectural, structural and technological
systems. This is examined as processes connected with the
architect's concept realisation whose specifics are to be taken
into account during the design stage.
 The course program is realised in the form of lectures,
seminars and practical training. The course is completed
with educational practice (46 academic hours).
 The program entails two course tasks:
 In the autumn term is an adaptation to the site of the civic
planning project and design of the building's underground
part.
 In the spring term a process chart for the erection of the
above ground part of the civil or industrial building
designed by the student. The course and calculating and
graphic tasks are obligatory. A pass marks the satisfactory
completion of the task at the end of the term. This pass is an
obligatory condition for the student being admitted to the
examination which is taken at the completion of the course.
 The educational practicum is carried out in the 6th term in
two stages:
 Theatre lectures covering all aspects of the course
 Excursions (accompanied by lectures) to objects of house-
building enterprises of different technological systems
comprising the main stages of erecting buildings and
structures.
 During this week long practicum, students are exempt from
training in all subjects. After the completion of the
practicum, the student submits his report to the teacher in
charge of the practicum.
 The course consists of education of economic thinking
elements on the basis of architectural and planning and
structural variants to make up decisions providing the
highest social and economic efficiency and competitiveness
of the design of the structure in the process of its erection
and maintenance.
 Students are introduced to economic principles of the
activities of project and construction organisations, and
work out practical skills under the condition of a radical
economic reform.
 The course program is carried out in the form of lecture
seminars and practical training. It entails two course tasks:
 Autumn term - technical and economic calculations, and
determination of a residential building designed by the
student.
 Spring term - technical and economic evaluation and
determination of calculated indices for the residential area
design.
 The course and calculation and graphic tasks are obligatory.
Their completion is marked by a pass, which allows the
student to be admitted to the examination. The examination
is administered at the completion of the course.

 The aim of the course is to introduce students to the
complex of engineering devices and technological process,
providing comfortable living and working conditions for
inhabitants: cold and hot water supply, gas supply, heating,
ventilation, air conditioning, sewerage, electric equipment,
refuse disposal devices, telephones etc.
 Students listen to lectures, attend seminars, and prepare
home and course work, and write essays. (Total 68 hours)
 In the architectural design process during the whole year
specialists of the department advise students as experts in
related subjects.
BOILER HEAT EXCHANGER
 This work is a continuation and completion of the course
began in terms 1 - 4. The aim of the course is the
professional expression of one's creative ideas (i.e. to be able
to draw freely from imagination and not from nature).
Therefore, each term students do exercises for developing
imagination and acquiring compositional skills.
 The course consists of two main parts:
• Figure drawing. Study and free hand drawing of the human
form makes it possible to develop a wide range of
professional qualities, which cannot be acquired with any
other object. Among them are observation skills, selectivity
of perception, and feeling of proportions, scale, etc. Students
study the shape and structure of the human figure (skeleton
and muscle anatomy, connection of the functions of
different body parts with their structure, sizes of details, and
movement). Understanding of the movement of body parts
as static and dynamic structures is developed. Students
study the specifics of drawing male and female figures, age
changes in the human proportions, the differences in
anatomy of man with that of animal to help understand
common features and differences of biological forms in
nature.
• Architecture and its surroundings. Exercises in architectural
themes develop the three-dimensional and spatial thinking,
artistic skills and compositional ability of prospective
architects. Principles and methods of constructive and
structural drawing are fixed in the mind of the student, and
practical drawing skills are developed. Teachers attempt to
teach students to be able to execute drawings, drafts
sketches with an emphasis on stylization, locale, and scale.
This is a key graphic language necessary for the
intermediate expression of his idea in the process of work.
 The purpose of the course is to give the students notions on
application of sculpture in architecture, and to acquire the
skill in interrelations of sculpture and architecture in project
designing.
 The student is taught methodology in preparing three
dimensional sculptures, projections of figures or forms in
sculpture, preparation of high and low relief, and so on.
Course includes the modelling of architectural details such
as capitals, bases, architraves and other forms. Works are
modeled in clay, gypsum, marble, stone, metal, etc.
BRONZE SCULPTURE METAL SCULPTURE
ICE SCULPTURE SAND SCULPTURE
STONE SCULPTURE GLASS SCULPTURE
Architectural sculpture
 The aims of the course are:
 Demonstration of and understanding of color theory in the
architectural environment by means of color expressive
context, working out a color proposal to change the
established color environment, and designing of the
environment using painting.
 Mastering artistic skills, means, and methods for the most
efficient display of the color meaning of the architectural
concept, both a real one of their own and an imagined one.
 Skills of expressing color theory of one's own or imagined
project using artistic means of monumental art.
 Promotion to Other Faculties and the Rules of Expulsion from the
Faculty.
 The promotion to the other faculties (Faculty of Specialized Training) is
made after the student's completion of the 4th year program on the basis
of passing all tests and examinations according to the curriculum and the
practice. It is impossible to be promoted to the Faculty of Specialized
Training with academic requirement. The student may satisfy his
requirements before the 1st of September (the beginning of the Academic
year) so departments give examinations and tests in August. The
promotion is realised by an order signed by the Rector on the basis of
documents prepared by the Dean of the FFT.
 Extraordinary cases of not passing examinations explained by the
student's illness or other serious circumstances are examined specially at
a meeting of the Qualification Commission chaired by the Rector (or Vice-
Rector in charge of the curriculum) and consisting of Deans,
representatives of the trade union organisation and student's department.
 The procedure of a student's expulsion from FFT is directly connected with
its reason. If the student fails to do everything required by the curriculum,
does not comply with the rules of the Institute and Training, or has
committed misdemeanours punishable by the Criminal Law, and so on, he
may be expelled from the Institute by the institute administration (the
Rector's order). The initiative can be taken by the tutor of the group, dean's
office, an institute official, representative of the institute social organisations,
or state institutions (militia etc.). This proposal is discussed in the presence
of the student and the initiator at the Deans' meetings and then approved by
the Institute Rector. The most frequent reasons for the expulsion are failing
to pass an examination session, missing obligatory lectures or training hours
(architectural designing, artistic drawing, painting) without good reasons, or
misbehaviour (in the hostel, or public spaces).
 One of the frequent and lawful forms of the student's expulsion is his
withdrawal on his own account on the basis of his personal application. This
request is never refused in such cases.
 Training Course for 5th and 6th Academic Years
 Speciality (State index): 2901– Architecture
 Specialty (State index): 2902 – Design of
Architectural Environment
 Dean of the Faculty (FST) professor O.D.

Breslavtsev

 Speciality “Architecture”(2901)
 Specializations:
 2901-1 Urban Design
 2901-2 Architecture of Residential and Public Building
 2901-3 Architecture of Industrial Building
 2901-4 Architecture of Rural Settlements
 2901-5 Theory and History of Architecture
 2901-6 Restoration of Architectural Monuments
 2901-7 Landscape Architecture
 2901-8 Regional Planning and Town Master Plans
 Speciality “Designing of Architectural Environment”
(2902)
 Design of Architectural Environment actually has the
separate status of Specialty 2902 and has its own
curriculum of study from 1st to 6th year, and its own
diploma.
 Footnotes:
 Each specialization has an official index, from 2901-1
till 2901-8. Each of these is a graduation specialization;
that is it finishes with a diploma project.
 The Faculty of Specialized Training is the final stage of
the uninterrupted architectural training on a broad
educational basis at the Moscow Architectural
Institute. The Faculty embraces the fifth and sixth years
of the sixth year course of studies.
 All students who have successfully completed the
program of the Faculty of Fundamental Training (that
is, the third and fourth years of the institute) and
passed all the examinations and have all the credits for
the designs of the third and fourth years, are admitted
to the Faculty of Specialized Training.
 2.1 The students entering the Faculty of Specialized Training have
to complete the basic program of the Faculty of Fundamental
Training, common for all the students. It should be noted, by the
end of the fourth year each student on the basis of broad
fundamental education and his own individuality, begins to take
interest in some aspect of architectural profession and begins to
develop his individual approach in architectural design, and in the
selection of architectural forms and structures and shows selective
interest and inclination to various types of architectural work. The
Faculty of Specialized Training has students, who differ greatly in
their professional interests: some prefer to work at and have
ability at architectural design, while others are concerned with
history of architecture or restoration of architectural monuments
or landscaping, etc.
 2.2. Starting with the fifth year at the Faculty of
Specialized Training, the student is able to realise his
individual interest and ability, where parallel with the
broad educational program the student can choose his
own specialization at the final stage of architectural
training. In this way the fifth and sixth year student
gets an opportunity of the in-depth study of the
methods of architectural practice in his chosen
specialization. The specialization enables the student to
realize his ability in the best way and to study and
work with greatest interest.
 2.6. The general strategy of education at the Faculty of Specialized
Training is the following. During the fifth year the fundamental
theory and design training: (the lecture courses and seminars on
architectural and town-planning problems, history, sociology,
structural engineering) is completed. Parallel with these studies the
student gets in-depth training within the framework of his
specialization, during which he has to carry out certain design
projects, historic studies and so on. At the same time the student
gets some practical experience in practice in design offices or
research institutes.
 On completing the fifth year the student is invited to select a
diploma project studio irrespective of the specialization he had in
fifth year. So the student is free in his choice of the diploma project
studio and the project supervisor; and he can alter his
specialization and propose his own theme for diploma project.
 In the diploma project the sixth year student should
demonstrate his professional competence obtained by all years
of study at the Institute. The diploma project keeps its focus on
training. It is a complex project, covering architectural as well
as sociological, engineering and constructional aspects. If a
diploma project is devoted to the problems of history, theory
or restoration, it must contain the comprehensive analysis and
elaboration of all the associated problems.
 The sixth year will comprise two half year terms. The eleventh
term will be devoted to the pre-diploma design, research or
feasibility studies for diploma project and practical training at
an outside design office. The final, twelfth term, will be
occupied with the execution and presentation of the diploma
project.
• 4.1. The general subjects in the 5th and 6th years
• Each graduation department applies its own program
and methods developed by the department for the
teaching of the fifth and sixth-year students according
to their specialization. However, in order to complete
the fundamental wide profile educational program, the
syllabus of studies also includes the subjects common
for all the specializations. As these subjects have been
started in the third and the fourth years, their programs
are described in the Faculty of Fundamental Training
section.
• There are three groups of general subjects.
 4.1.
 I. Architectural designing (theoretical subjects), which
consists of 4 subjects. Social Problems of architectural
design, Ecological problems of architectural design,
Principles of regional and town planning, Contemporary
problems of architecture and town planning.
 II. Humanitarian and sociological studies - there is only one
subject - Sociology; all the others have completed their
course.
 Ill. Engineering and Technological subjects, including
Structural engineering, Acoustics and Project management.
 4.1. By the fifth year the art disciplines have been completed.
Besides these subjects, the syllabus contains physical training and
civil defence. The programs for these subjects are also included in
the description of the Faculty of Fundamental Training.
 The lectures on general subjects are delivered by the teachers of
graduation departments and by the teachers of other departments.
The total number of lectures is 103 (206 hours).
 Assessment is made by examinations or credit tests, made by the
teaching staff of the department, who delivered the given
theoretical course. Examinations are marked out of 5 marks.
Credit tests are indicated as pass or fail marks.
• 4.2. The program of specializations for the 5th year
• The syllabus of studies shows the number of common academic
hours for each specialization - 14(10) hours a week out of the total
number of 31 academic hours a week during the ninth term and
28 hours in the tenth term. The program for each specialization on
the 5th year provides for 544 academic hours including 340 for
obligatory classes in architectural design (10 hours a week) and
about 200 hours for theoretical subjects, among them some 60-75
lectures during the fifth year. The actual time-table for all
specializations gives more hours to the architectural design than
the syllabus provides. Two days a week are given to the
architectural design (6+6=12 hours), that is, 12 hours in class; in
addition, in the ninth term students have one free day a week
(Saturday) for their individual work.
 4.2. The key department in each specialization forms the program
of theory and design training within the framework of this
schedule. The department determines the structure of theoretical
subjects and the form of their presentation (lectures, seminars).
The department also defines the philosophy, the sequence, the
methodological aims and tasks of practical projects (architectural
designing), and works out the programs for the designing and the
research work. The key department chooses the forms and places
for the design practice. The students' progress in theoretical
subjects is assessed by examinations and marked out of 5 marks,
or by the credit tests - out of 2 marks. Architectural designs are
marked by the board of the examiners out of 10 marks.
• 4.3. The diploma (graduation) project and the presentation of the
diploma project
• According to the syllabus for the sixth-year course the diploma
project occupies the 11th and 12th terms, – from September till next
June. The program for the 11th term includes the pre-diploma
project and several theoretical subjects, including ecology,
contemporary problems, project management and pre-graduation
design practice. The students who have successfully completed the
program of training and have got all the examinations and credits
for all subjects of the first 5 years are admitted to work at the
diploma (graduation) project. All the examination marks and
credits are registered in the student's book and summarized in the
assessment form, which has examination marks and credits on
some 50 subjects plus the subjects included in the specialization.
 4.3. The diploma project is in essence a training exercise it is done by the
student under the supervision of the teacher from the graduation
department. In his project the student should demonstrate that the level
of his knowledge and skills corresponds to the standards of the architect-
beginner. Therefore the diploma project should represent a complex
architectural and building elaboration of the object.
 If the diploma design is devoted to history or theory of architecture, or
town-planning, the comprehensive study is also required. The themes of
the diploma project should be as close as possible to real design.
 The graduation departments use various means to make the diploma
project as practical as possible. One way is to get commissions from
design offices for real projects, and to subsequently pass the best diploma
projects to the clients for future realization. Another way is to get a
commission for real project from the design office, where the student
could undergo his pre-diploma practice. Sometimes clients buy the
completed diploma projects from the Institute for future realization.
 4.3. The methods of work at the diploma project are determined
by the head of the design studio. The diploma project is an
individual independent project. But sometimes several students
are allowed to work at one large project - they work as a group. In
this case each student is obliged to have some part of the design
made individually.
 The diploma project should consist of a number of drawings, an
explanatory essay and a paper on the theme of the diploma
project. Work on the diploma project is carried out according to
the schedule set by the graduation department. The department
sets intermediate control dates and checks the work at various
stages. At the last check the department determines whether the
diploma project could or could not be admitted for the ‘defence’.
 4.3. The "defence" of the diploma projects takes place before the
State Examination Board or Attestation (S.E.B. or S.A.B.) (usually
up to 15 members). Several Boards of Examiners are formed by
the Institute, one for each specialization. The board consists of
leading practicing architects and also includes the dean of the
Faculty, the head of the department and several professors, who
are not involved in diploma projects. In the board there are also
sociologists, engineers, and technologists.
 4.3.Before the diploma project is submitted to the Board of
Examiners, it should be reviewed by an architect working in this
field. The student presents his project before the Board of
Examiners and speaks about the main features of his design,
architectural and technical solutions and costs. The architect
review report is read, and the members of the Board ask questions
and give their opinions of the design. The professor-supervisor of
the project assesses the nature of the student's work. Each member
of the Board marks the project out of 10 marks and average the
mean mark is calculated. The Board of Examiners may
recommend the design for practical realization and recommend
the student for the post-graduate courses if more than 75% of his
subjects have a grade of ‘excellent’, has done excellent diploma
work, and has shown abilities at research.
 4.3. If the diploma (graduation) project is marked satisfactory and
the student has satisfactory marks in all the subjects during all the
years at the Institute, he is granted the qualification of an architect
and is given the standard diploma. If the graduate has excellent
marks (over 75 per cent), he gets a diploma with honors.
 If the Board of Examiners finds the diploma project unsatisfactory,
the student does not get the diploma and receives the certificate
that states he has only completed the course of studies at the
Institute. The Rector's office and the department may allow such a
student to work at the diploma (graduation) project next year.
 Each year some 250 people graduate from the Institute in all
specializations. So in the last three years some 750 architects
graduated from the Moscow Architectural Institute.
• 4.4. The assignment to work and a license to practice.
• Upon graduating from the Institute and receiving the
diploma, their architectural graduates start working in a
position of their own choice. As a rule, a month or two
before the students graduate from the Institute, the design
offices interested in inviting new architects send invitation
notices to the Institute to let the graduates apply for jobs.
The representatives of the design offices have an
opportunity to get the information on graduates and to have
talks with them. Some graduates go to work at the offices
and firms which have sent them to the Institute and paid for
their tuition.
 4.4. A small percentage of the most gifted students are invited to
work at the Moscow Architectural Institute as assistant teachers.
Some students are invited to similar work at the institutes in other
cities of the country.
 Young qualified architects usually work at design offices and
firms as assistant architects and sign the project documents after
the chief architects of the project. The chief architect of the project
is fully responsible for the design, whereas the young specialists
usually work as members of an architectural team.
 At present the architect with practical experience can get a license
for private practice. At this point there is no strong law regulating
licensing. Therefore, experienced architects who work
independently enter into contracts without a license.
• 4.5. Programs of theoretical subject common for all
specializations.
• Delivered in 5th year, terms 9, 10; and 6th year, term 11.
• 4.5.1. Social Problems of Architectural Designing
(Sociology) (5th year, terms 9, 10)
• Introduction. Outside systems – "Nature",
"Techniques", "Society", as a background of the
"Architecture". Levels of the hierarchy of social systems
in relationship with architecture. Prognosis for
population and civilization development.
 4.5.1.
 Population quantity and density of world and country
population. Urbanization and colonization. Social
demographic characteristics of population.
 Family. Average size of family in various countries
regions and towns. Socio–demographic characteristic
of family. Specifics of life style, interconnection with
the structure of the community on apartment types,
services, etc.
 Personality. Social–demographic characteristic of
personality and peculiars of its activity in urbanized
and rural environment. Peculiar of human behaviour
in environment (psychological aspects). The system –
‘man–environment’. Interaction of "person–person" in
the environment, social isolation and contacts,
peculiars of organisating architectural environment.
 In the process of the course there are control exercises.
Students should prepare essays and or perform
architectural – sociological survey of housing and
residential districts.
• 4.5.2. Ecological Problems of Architectural Designing (6th year, term
11)
• The general purpose of the course is to provide students an overview
the global ecological processes, related to the problems of settlements
and urbanization, the structure of international and Russian
authorities responsible for natural environment protection, and
methods and approaches employed by ecologists.
• After completion of the course, the students should be familiar with
the ecological problems while dealing with town-planning and
architectural projects, the legislation and normative documents, and
the main creative environment factors (planning, architectural,
technological). These ensure the required parameters and
environmental qualities are followed according to existing standards
of preservation of natural environment.
• The context of the course includes: scientific principles for solving
ecological town-planning problems on various levels of architectural
designing; methods for factual environmental assessment; ecological
aspects of town-planning and architectural design and methods of
such designing.
• 4.5.3. Principles of Theory of Urban and District Planning (4th
year, term 8; 5th year, term 9)
• Out of total 68 lecture hours, about 34 are delivered in 8th term and
34 in 9th term.
• The purpose of the course is to provide to students the
understanding of historical and geopolitical aspects of settlement
and urbanization; of physiographical conditions for town
development in various world regions; of town geography
(landscape, relief, climate, and precipitation); and on main
settlement and urbanization theories. Examples of town and
regional planning development are provided.
• 4.5.3. Principles of Theory of Urban and District Planning (4th year,
term 8; 5th year, term 9)
• In the process of the course the students acquire a knowledge on the
urban and rural settlements; morphology and composition of town
plans; natural components of town and rural landscapes; on
planning and development principles in urban reconstruction; on
composition of town centers and assembles; on theoretical concept
of the world urbanistics.
• The framework of the course contains: principles and methods of
town and regional planning theory; settlements and their planning
organization; divisions of planning theory (nature–ecological;
socio–economic; technological; aesthetical); functional and
compositional analysis; synthesis of knowledge in town and
regional planning; historic and contemporary concepts of town
planning.
GERMANY BERLIN
• 4.5.4. Contemporary Problems of Theory and History of
Architecture and Town planning (6th year, term 11)
• The course is delivered on 11th term of 6th year, total 104 academic
hours including 50 hours of lectures, 18 seminars and 36
independent projects.
• This is the completion course in the complex of historical and
theoretical architectural disciplines.
• The course includes the following blocks of problems:
• Contemporary state of architectural and town planning science in
the context of fundamental sciences. Perspectives.
• Modern approach to the research of architect's creation process,
content of architecture.
• Function in architecture and town planning.
• Legislation principles in architectural and planning activities.
• 4.5.4. Content of lecture course:
• Architectural science today. Main approaches to research in
architecture.
• Architectural science in the context of fundamental science.
• Architect's creative act as a model of universe.
• Main natural and cultural factors in architecture: theme of
architectural space, theme of water, sun, thunder and lightning,
and time.
• Architectural space and function.
• Town. Modern approach to the town planning theory.
• Architecture and legislation. Town planning legislation.
• Assessment is made using a credit test.
• 4.5.5. Sociology (5th year, terms 9, 10)
• Total 136 academic hours (68 lecture hours, and 68-seminar
hours.)
• In 9th term – credit test, in 10th term – exam.
• The course includes the following divisions:
• 1. Short review of development sociologic concepts:
principal paradigms.
• Fundamentals of sociological knowledge.
• Marxist sociology.
• Alternative paradigms of sociologic concept development.
• Main theoretical conceptions of contemporary sociology
 4.5.5. Sociological aspects of contemporary society:
 Sociological theory:
 Theoretical and gynaecological aspects of sociology.
 Social interrelationships and social structure.
 Main conditions and forms of social activities.
 Social institutions.
 Social reality and ideological interrelationships.
 Social processes.
 Sociological management.
 4.5.5. Methodology of sociological survey:
 Methods of acquiring data in sociological surveys.
 Measurement problems of social data.
 Mathematical methods in social surveys.
 Methods of selection in social survey.
 Methodological problems in interpretation of result in social
survey.
• 4.5.6. Structural Engineering (4th year, terms 7, 8; 5th year, terms 9,
10)
• 136 academic hours (96 hours of lectures, and 40 hours of
seminars) 50% out of total hours are taken on 9-10 terms.
• The assessment of knowledge is exams on 9 and 10 terms.
• The course includes the following divisions:
• (1). Basic principles of structural engineering.
• Classification of structures: flat, three - dimensional, solid, and
grid systems.
• Methods for calculation of structures in limited conditions. Factors
influencing on the load - bearing ability of structures, conditions
of work and reliability. Live and dead loads.
 4.5.6. (2). Principles of metallic structures.
 Steel and aluminium in building constructions.
Strengths and weaknesses of steel and aluminium
constructions. Structural steel and aluminium as
structural material. Their classification, property, and
varieties commonly used.
 Principles for calculation of metallic construction.
Junctions of metallic structures. Welding, bolt and rivet
junctions. Metallic girders, joists, beams, columns.
Methods of calculation.
 (3). Principles of timber and plastic structures.
 Timber construction materials, their physical
properties.
 Synthetic construction materials.
 Methods for calculation of timber and plastic
construction.
 Junction of timber and plastic construction. Timber
girders, beams, joists, columns.
 4.5.6. (4). Basic principles of concrete and reinforced concrete.
 Concrete for reinforced concrete constructions. Principal physical–
mechanical properties, strengths and weaknesses of reinforced
concrete. Types of reinforced concrete construction and methods
for their erection.
 Concrete – as materials for structures.
 Armature for reinforced concrete structures.
 Methods for calculation of various reinforced concrete structural
elements. Pre–stressed reinforced concrete structures.
Construction of flat, floors, beam-less and panel type construction.
Cast - in city and pre-fabricated constructions. Lift-slab
constructions. Foundations.
 Stone and armo-stone construction.
• 4.5.7. Acoustics (5th year, term 9)
• The subject delivered in 9th term of 5th year, total - 34 hours.
• Architectural acoustics – as academic discipline includes the
following items:
• Principals of architectural acoustics.
• Physical and psychological principals of general acoustics.
• Notions on sound energy, characteristic of sounds.
• Reverberation, acoustic modelling.
• Noise protection in town and in buildings.
1. REVERBERATION 2. REFLECTIONS
3. ABSORPTION – NOISE 4. ISOLATION - SOUND
REDUCTION TRANSMISSION
 Kinds of noise, criteria for noise assessment.
 Planning and construction of noise protection remedies.
 Methods and parameters for noise protection calculation.
 Structural methods of noise isolation in building and noise
protection materials.
 Noise protection in housing.
 Acoustics of closed and open space.
 Norms for acoustic parameters of halls and open
performance structures.
• 4.5.8. Project management (5th year, term 9, 10; 6th year, term 11)
• The program contains the following themes:
• Preparation for architectural designing. Pre–project activities.
Project preparation stages. Content of the project documentation.
• Management of project elaboration process.
• Government regulations of the project activities.
• Expertise and approval of the project.
• Interrelations among the architect, client and contractor.
• Types of project organization by specialization, staff, palette of
services etc.
• Licensing of architectural activities. Contracting procedures.
• Investment – construction activities in market economy.
 Organization of client services in an investment –
construction company.
 Investigations on pre-project study.
 Calendar plan, content and timing of the project tasks.
 Program performance in client's office.
 Organization of the project.
 Organization of building construction.
 Realization of municipal programs.
 Realty activities. Commercial realization of built up objects.
 Client's control over project and construction work quality.
 After each term – credit tests assessment.
Specialization 1 (2901-1)
Urban
Design
 5.1. General tasks and aims. The syllabus of the specialization
 The specialization in town-planning occurs during the studies in the fifth
year, during the pre-diploma studies and diploma designing.
 The purpose of specialization (along with completion of the student's
broad education) is to give the student an opportunity to concentrate on
studying town-planning problems of architecture so that a student who is
interested and gifted in special and environmental design has an
opportunity to realize his abilities and increase his knowledge of town-
planning as well as executing a number of designs including a
comprehensive diploma project in architectural aspects more attractive
for him. The department of town-planning (the key department in this
specialization) gives the student an opportunity to increase his theoretical
knowledge by providing lecture courses on theoretical subjects and also
to acquire the skills in deep and specific design of town-planning projects.
 5.1. The department and specialization also aim at training town-
planners capable and willing to work in the field of town-
planning as a district architect-planner, and later as the chief town
architect, or to work in designing of development and
redevelopment of city areas.
 Table 4 shows the syllabus of studies for the fifth year, which
includes 5 theoretical subjects: theory of town-planning, urban
transport, landscaping, compositional problems and economic
problems of urban planning and redevelopment. Altogether there
are 106 hours (53 lectures) and 63 hours of practical studies and
individual consultations. Assessment of the theoretical knowledge
is by an examination marked out of five marks and pass marks.
This knowledge is applied to practical purposes of town planning.
 5.1. During the ninth and tenth terms of the fifth year the
student gets practical training in architectural planning
design at two comprehensive term projects. One project
represents the study of the redevelopment of a city area. The
other is devoted to developing new areas. Each project
consists of two stages.
 An important prerequisite for establishing realistic
requirements and important design skills of the students is
the close connection between the work of the department
and that of the practical design offices.
 5.2. Theoretical disciplines of the Urban Design
specialization.
 Besides general theoretical courses delivered for all the
specializations there are special theoretical courses for the
“urban design” specialization - theory of town-planning,
urban transport, landscaping, and the compositional and
economic problems of town-planning and reconstruction.

 5.2.1. Special course - Theory of Urban Design.
 The course covers 30 hours in the ninth term, and 28 hours in the
tenth. The course introduces the student to urban problems and
methods of town-planning studies and analysis. The study of
town-planning problems is becoming more and more important
because of the increasingly complex problems that the town-
planner faces today. The task of the course is to acquaint the
student with methodological principles of town-planning design.
The course is concerned with the research problems facing the
town-planner and researcher in the field of town-planning: the
problems of hierarchy and topological structure of town-planning
studies, the main factors of town-planning analysis and types of
urban problems and their characteristics.
 5.2.1. The course includes lectures and seminars (depending
on problems involved). The seminars are devoted to
preliminary studies of the surrounding environment
analysis of historic town composition and criticism of the
design solution. The practical seminars aim to introduce
students to the research methods in the field of town
planning on practice.
 Forms of assessment.
 The 9th term - assessment of the practical work done during
the term (credit marks).
 The 10th term - examination on the whole lecture course.
 5.2.2. Special course - Transport in Urban Design.
 The course Transport in Town-Planning aims to acquaint students with
interrelations of transport and urban infrastructure, the development of
transport systems and facilities in towns and cities - centers of settlement
systems. As one of the term projects in this specialization is concerned
with the redevelopment of the existing areas of Moscow, the lectures tell
the students about the present day transport system of Moscow and the
problems of its future development.
 The lecture course consists of such issues as modern problems of town
planning in connection with the growth of public and private transport,
elements of transport system related to the size of the city, differentiation
of roads according to their types and traffic speed, transport services in
residential developments in middle city areas, pedestrian streets and
zones, measures to free the city center from through traffic, the use of
underground space for car parking.
 5.2.2. The program of the course also includes the following
course projects: 1. While working on the project "A town for 100
thousand population", students work out a scheme of transport
services, which includes the classification of streets and roads,
placement of transport facilities, the public transport routes,
segregation of traffic and pedestrian circulation, the cross-sections
of different category roads and streets.
 2. As part of the project "Redevelopment of an existing area of the
city" students design an intersection at different levels, a road
junction and the design of an underground space for transport
purposes. The assessment is made through the presentation of the
design and by credit tests at the end of the term.
Network Type and Modal Fit


 A range of network types is here constructed from permutations of three

types of macro scale structure (grid, radial and linear) and two types of
micro scale grid (grid and tree).


 5.2.3. Landscape Designing.
 The main aim of this discipline is to train specialists capable
of comprehensive solutions of architectural and planning
problems connected with rational use of natural landscape.
The program is concerned with the problems of developing
new and redeveloped historical parks, embankments and
recreation areas in city agglomerations. The course uses
precedents from Russian and foreign practice and the
results of modern research.
 5.2.3. The contents of the program in short:
 The aims, tasks, objects and materials of landscape architecture.
 The town in the natural landscape. The system of open spaces.
Typology of landscapes.
 Consideration of the major functional factors in designing
recreational areas. The concept of the garden-park ensemble.
 The methods of architectural - landscape analysis.
 Architectural landscape organization in residential developments
and city centers. The town park. The methodology of its design.
 Elements of a park composition. Topography, planning, water
facilities and so on. The review of the theory and development of
landscape architecture. Long-term tasks.
 The assessment is by means of a credit test at the end of the term.
 5.2.4. Theory of Architectural Composition
 The aim of the course is to give a systematic exposition of
professional compositional principles and to develop artistic
and compositional thinking of the student; to prepare him
for independent professional development in artistic
creative work; to provide the student with skills and habits
of research work; and to ensure theoretical and
methodological provision of the architectural design
process.
 5.2.4. The purposes of the course are:
 To provide a detailed presentation of compositional themes as a
whole.
 To teach methods of compositional analysis that helps to
understand the achievements and experience of masters and
historic heritage.
 To bring theoretical and historical knowledge closer to the present
day requirements of creative work.
 To demonstrate with real life examples the compositional
relationships of different branches of art.
 To make the student understand the logic of architectural form
and the possibilities of compositional techniques.
 5.2.4. The contents of the course:
 The subject of composition- the problems of skills, methods and
forms of teaching.
 Historical studies of architectural composition.
 Modern methods of compositional analysis.
 Compositional structure of artistic image.
 Standard practices of developing architectural forms.
 Types of compositional planning.
 Methods and means of composition in the work of art.
 The style and evolution of compositional thinking.
 Artistic - compositional principles of other branches of art
(painting, sculpture, music, theatre, cinema, poetry).
 Structure and forms of work:
 5.2.5. Economics of Urban Planning and Restructuring. Outside
District Networks
 The discipline aims to introduce students to economic problems of
town-planning, feasibility evaluation of designs, systems and
methods of planning and financing capital investments. The
program of the course contains the idea of town-formation base,
the main concepts of the general scheme of population settlements
throughout the country, ways and means of raising the efficiency
of urban area usage, economic studies of the number of stories in
housing developments, principles and conditions of the
underground space usage and feasibility of underground
urbanism, and the priority order and feasibility of reconstruction.
 Assessment is by the mark for the compressive project.
 5.3. Architectural Designing in the 5th year. Specialization:
Urban Design.
 The aim of the specialization is to increase professional
competence of the students in the field of town planning.
Students are taught by means of lectures on theoretical
subjects and in the design process at the two major town-
planning projects: "Planning of new urban areas" and
"Reconstruction of a historical urban area". Each theme
covers one term and consists of two parts: the first part
provides a general project solution and the second part
contains a detailed implementation of a fragment, which can
be regarded as a separate project.
 Project 1. Development of New Urban Areas (5th year, term 9)
 The aim of the project is to improve the student's skills in
development and in graphic expression of the planning structure
of the area and main compositional concept of its spatial
arrangement. The site of the development is chosen from the areas
of Moscow reserved for future development. The population
distribution features, various physical topographical
characteristics and the main factors of the Moscow master plan
created conditions for their various functional uses. The project
offers the students four options: a dormitory area; a residential
area with some industries and services; a free economic zone the
redevelopment of some existing towns near Moscow.
 Project 1. The project sets the following tasks:
 The integration of the new area into the established system of
population distribution;
 Priority order of district development;
 Transport services of the district;
 The relationship between the development and the natural
environment;
 The establishment of services and population employment in the
context of the district location within population distribution;
 Individual architectural and planning character of the district in
terms of personal interpretation of human and natural site
conditions by the architect.

The project takes two months. (September–October).
 Project 1. Design procedure:
 The first stage is the site analysis. The first part results in drawing up the scheme of
planning limitations of the area; the second part is the evaluation of the aesthetic
potential of the site.
 The second stage is the research.
 The third stage is the creative development and graphic presentation of the project.
 The final submission consists of a sketch-design of the area plan and supporting
schemes: the scheme of location within the city; the scheme of planning limitations
and spatial and visual analysis of the landscape; the scheme of the area planning;
the schemes illustrating the design solution (order of developing the area, the
scheme of vehicular and pedestrian traffic, and functional organization of the area).
 The assessment is in the form of a comprehensive "defence" of the project. The
department assesses not only the planning aspects of the design, but also the
completeness of the design solution and the quality of graphic presentation. The
project is marked out of 10 marks.
 Project 2. Civic Center of The Town (5th year, term 9)
 This project is done as a fragment of the town-plan (the previous project). The
project aims to give an architectural and spatial solution of the main town
ensemble of public buildings, and functional arrangement of the public,
administrative and cultural center, and landscaping (vertical planning, planting,
paving, street furniture, water pools). The project takes 7 weeks.
 The completed project consists of several drawings on one 100x100 cm drawing-
board and contains:
 Master plan of the development and organization of the center;
 Traffic scheme and the use of underground space;
 Cross-section along the main compositional axis;
 Developed view of the facades;
 Model.
 The comprehensive project is assessed in form of complex ‘Defence’ of Project 1
and Project 2 by the committee which marks the project out of 10 marks.
 Project 3. Reconstruction of The Historic Urban Area. (5th
year, term 10)
 The project aims to work out architectural-planning and
three-dimensional composition, intended to solve the
problem of linking the old and the new and to meet the new
requirements for providing suitable environment for man to
live and work in.
 The project lasts 12 weeks:
 The completed project is submitted in the form of technical
drawings, executed on three drawing-boards 100x100 cm.
 It should include:
Project 3.
 Scheme of preliminary study of the site
 Scheme of planning and developing the site with the
demonstration of existing and projected development
 Fragment of the development (cut-away at different levels)
 Cross-section along the maul axis
 Model of the complex
 Zoning scheme of the redeveloped area and organization of
services
 Scheme of traffic and pedestrian circulation with the ground and
underground parking and the public transport network.
 At its conclusion the project is assessed by the committee and
marked out of 10 marks.
 Project 4. Project of Multifunctional Complex in the
Framework of Reconstruction Area (5th year, term 10)
 The subject of the project is the further elaboration of a
fragment of historical value of an urban area along with
solution of interrelations between the old and new, and
functional components of the development. Organization of
street transport and pedestrian movements, and
landscaping of the area.
 At the end of the 10th term the comprehensive project
including project 3 and 4 is assessed in the form of complex
defence out of 10 marks.
 5.4. The diploma project. Specialization No.1 (2901-1)Urban Design.
 Diploma projects at the department of Town-planning occupy 36 weeks
and ‘defended’ before the State Board of Examiners. The Board is formed
of noted town-planning experts, research workers and professors of the
Moscow Architectural Institute. The Board is appointed by the Rector on
the concordance of the Union of Architects of Russia.
 Work on the diploma project starts in September by visiting design offices
or design and research institutes where the student chooses the theme of
his diploma project. The student brings the proposal for the program and
the material for the project development to the institute. The work at the
project is carried out under the supervision of the professor of the town-
planning department. The student himself chooses his supervisor on the
basis of the theme and the line of the professor's work.
 The diploma projects, as a rule, are selected on the basis of real
requirements and are concerned with important problems of
planning and developing towns and cities, residential areas,
central areas, reconstruction of historic areas and so on. A number
of projects are of pioneering character. Their emphasis is on
research; they result in conceptual suggestions on the rebirth of
historic towns or redevelopment of city areas and so on. The
majority of the projects are concerned with working out the town
master plans (scale 1:10,000) with detailed working out of new or
reconstructed areas, town center or recreation area (scale 1:2000)
and a fragment of the development in the form of drawings (scale
1:500) or a model.
 The diploma project.
 The work on the diploma project consists of several stages.
 The first stage is the preliminary analysis. The work lasts 10
weeks. The graduate student carries out a historic analysis,
summarizes the information, studies the situation, gets acquainted
with books and publications on the subject, and studies
precedents in Russia and abroad. The results of the study are
summarized in a comprehensive report and a number of
drawings, and photographs clarifying and specifying the brief and
the aims of the project.
 The report is assessed by the special commission of the
department and submitted together with the diploma project for
the "defence".
 The second stage (6 weeks) consists of working out the draft
concept of the design. While working at the project the student
may consult specialists in the field of economic studies, transport,
site work, ecology, construction management, building physics
and so on. The draft concept should be approved by the
department in form of examination.
 The third stage (16 weeks) is the working out of the project. The
diploma project is usually submitted in the form of technical
drawings on the drawing boards 1x1m (8 or 10 in all). At the end
of the third stage in May the department committee assesses all
the designs and determines whether they can be submitted for the
"defence".
 The fourth stage (2 weeks) is the completion of the work and submitting
the project in June for defence. An external assessor is appointed by the
department. The assessors are drawn from practicing town planners who
do not work at the Institute. The assessor will determine the importance
and practical value of the project;
 Research and preliminary studies for the project and the report
containing the summary of the studies;
 The originality of the town-planning strategy and its development in the
project solution;
 The thoroughness of the detailed working out of the project;
 The reliability of the feasibility studies;
 The correctness of the solutions of transport, engineering and
environmental problems. The assessor presents a written report.
 The work at the diploma project is completed with its ‘defence’ before the
State Board of Examiners. The project is marked out of 10 marks. In the
case of the positive decision of the Board the diploma student is awarded
the qualification of an architect and given the standard diploma of an
architect (of the same pattern for the whole country).
 After the "defence" of the diploma projects there is an exhibition and a
discussion of the results of the diploma project designing. The best
diploma projects are exhibited at the Union of Architects of Russia at a
review of best diploma projects of the year from all the architectural
schools of the country.
 The graduates of the department of town-planning, as a rule, prefer to
work at design institutes concerned with planning of population centers
or as district architect - planners.
Architecture of Residential
and Public Building
 6.1. General aims and tasks. The specialization syllabus
 Course aims. Deepening of knowledge acquired by students during the
previous period of education, introducing them to a number of special
problems in connection with the present level of science and technical
development, and problems of residential and civic building
construction.
 Imparting skills in research work to students.
 Course structures. Theoretical course (204 hours) includes deepening
subjects studied earlier: architectural structures, engineering equipment,
building physics, architectural materials, as well as new subjects:
architecture of residential and public buildings, landscape designing,
theory of architectural composition.
 Practical course includes designs in specialization (340 hours) and
diploma designing (8 months).
 6.2. Theoretical disciplines of the Architecture of Residential
and Public Buildings specialization
 Besides the theoretical subjects studied by students of all
specializations, lectures on the following subjects are
delivered: Architecture of Residential and Public buildings,
Landscape designing, Theory of Architectural Composition,
Architectural Structures, Engineering Equipment.
Descriptions of programs for each of these subjects are given
below.
 6.2.1. Architecture of Residential and Public Buildings
 Delivered in 9th term, total 34 lecture hours.
 The program contains the following themes.
 Contemporary conditions of residential construction, causes
of the crisis, directions of solutions.
 New housing policy. State "Housing"
 Target program
 Housing market and architecture of housing.
 Town-planning aspects for organization of residential
environment in market conditions.

 6.2.1. Condition of construction of complexes and directions for
its reformation. Possible future architectural design directions.
 New methods of approach, concepts and experiments in
architectural designing of urban housing (on urban zoning,
typology, organization of project design and construction, and so
on).
 Perspectives of residential development in suburban zones and in
country settlements.
 Foreign experience and problems in Russian with housing
construction.
 Legislation principles of housing construction.

 6.2.2. Landscape Designing
 Lecture course - 17 academic hours. The program contains the
following themes:
 Principles and methods of designing the main objects of
architecture and town planning which provide its organic
connection with the natural environment, and contribute to the
introduction of landscape elements into the every day
environment. Planting greenery in interiors, conservatories,
vertical planting if inner rooms facing the landscape. Architectural
structure in the landscape.
 Landscaping of residential areas. Greenery systems of residential
areas. Sites of schools, children facilities, and pedestrian alleys.
Landscaping and equipment of recreation areas. Street furniture.
 6.2.2. Preservation and implementation of natural landscape
elements. Landscape and orientation of residential development.
Landscape analysis of the site.
 Landscape organization of town centers, streets and squares:
Connections of the urban centers with the external natural
environment. System of planted and unbuilt spaces in the city
centers. Mode of transport noise protection. Boulevards,
embankments, traffic thoroughfares, streetc. Public and small
gardens. Cultivation of flood-lands, sea shallow water areas.
 Landscape designing of the towns, urban ecology, and
consideration of landscape factors when working out town plans.
6.2.2. "Water-green" diameters, "wedges", large garden and park
complexes as the main links of the urban and suburban areas.
Norms of planting greenery in towns. Classification of green
territories. Natural surrounding of the town. Green belt and
natural zones. Functional zoning composition. Landscape and
transport communications. Perception of the panorama of the
town. Orientation of the town towards the external natural
surroundings. Landscape organization of the population
settlement system and recreation zones among inhabited places,
protection of the environment. Protection and transformation of
the nature. Influence of natural factors on the city agglomeration
development and the settlement system. Landscape design of
health-resort areas. Tourism industry and landscape. National and
natural parks.
 Provision of tourist routes.
 6.2.3. Theory of Architectural Composition
 Number of hours - 51, including 30 lecture hours and 21 practical
exercises.
 Aims of the Theory of Composition subject:
 To give an idea about compositional problems in general;
 To teach methods of compositional analysis which makes possible
access to the historic heritage and masters' experience;
 To bring historical and theoretical knowledge nearer to design
practice;
 To help the student to understand the logic of architectural form
construction and to reveal expressive possibilities of compositional
techniques;
 To show by concrete examples the connection of professional issues
with the general artistic culture.
 6.2.3. Structure and methods of the subject:
 Theoretical and methodological questions are discussed at
discussion-lectures for all the students of the same year of studies.
Parallel to these practical lessons in compositional analysis and
sketch design with compositional problems are arranged. To
further widen and deepen artistic culture and to develop skills in
professional perception of artistic experience of other arts there
are assignments to search compositional analogies in architecture,
painting, music, sculpture, theatre.
 The course is completed with a credit test with a mark, which
assesses results of all assignments, the ability to carry out
independent work and resulting compositional analysis.
 6.2.3. Thematic plan of discussion-lectures:
 The subject of composition, issues of compositional mastery, aims
of the course, methods and forms of work;
 Historical experience of composition study;
 Modern methods of compositional analysis;
 Artistic and compositional perception and graphic artistic
systems;
 Structure of the composition (idea, image, theme, motif);
 Notion of architectural organism and rules of its construction;
 Types of compositional thinking and stages of its evolution
techniques: proportions and proportionality; working method of
proportioning; scale and the image construction; colour harmony;
6.2.3.
 Compositional nature of the style;
 Artistic and compositional rules in architecture and other arts;
 Compositional heritage of the 20's;
 Specifics of the present-day thinking (ideas, conceptions, methods,
means).
 The last two themes serve as a theoretical background for the
diploma design. On the basis of the available material the student
works independently at the problem and makes a short report at
the credit test seminar. 10 additional hours are allotted for it.
 6.2.4. Special course - Architectural Structures and Engineering
equipment.
 The course includes 102 hours (73 lecture hours and 29 practical
studies). It consists of the following divisions:
 Architectural structures
 Architectural physics
 Engineering equipment

 1. Architectural structures of residential and public buildings.
 The programme provides the following themes:
 6.2.4. Residential complexes.
 Load-bearing structure of residential and civic buildings including ones
of increased numbers of storeys. Ensuring their stability and rigidity.
Specifics of employment of load-bearing framework depending on the
methods of erection, three-dimensional planning solutions, and other
factors. Panel and frame-panel buildings. Building of cast-in-situ concrete
and brick. Room size construction elements of residential complexes.
Specifics of the structure of high-rise residential and civic buildings.
 Design of ground floors in residential complexes. Projecting and recessed
balconies. Constructive solutions of staircases and lifts, and fire safety
measures. Durability and fire-proof quality of structures. Problems of
unification and categorization for mass residential development and
unique buildings. Method of the Single Catalogue. Principal requirements
of the structure of residential complexes in the urban development;
methods of individualization of external wall structures and their
elements.
 6.2.4. Theatre and other entertainment buildings.
 Specifics of design and construction of the load-bearing framework of such
buildings and its elements. Stage box: elements of the stage, flies, fire-proof curtain.
 Design of stands, tiers, balconies, floors in the spectators' parts of buildings.
Methods of the auditorium ceiling transformation. Up-to-date trends of the
construction of buildings with the employment of various types of roofing, both
traditional and space systems (shells, suspended, etc.).
 Large span plane and space structures. Their classification and specifics of use.
Suspended ceilings. Stained glass and glass cases, employing traditional materials
and elements, as well as the latest - metallicized glass, plastics, etc. Finishing
materials and details for external and internal work.
 At the credit test the student gets his pass with a mark depending on his
presentation of drawings with the structural working out of elements for the
project done by him.
 2. Engineering Equipment (specifics of engineering equipment in residential and
civic buildings)
 The program provides the following themes.
Residential complexes:
 Structural solution of ventilation systems in a residential building;
 Structural solution of heating and hot water supply systems in a residential
building;
 Structural solution of heat and gas supply systems for a residential building and
district;
 Designing cold water supply systems for a residential building and district (tracing
pipelines, water inlets, stand pipes, distribution pipes);
 Designing systems of sewage of a residential area and building depending on the
designs of lavatories in flats;
 Solution of refuse-disposal systems in residential buildings and districts;
 Structural solution of drainage of rain water in buildings and in residential areas;
 Lifts.
Entertainment Building:
 Acquaintance with the rules of SNIP (buildings norms and rules) for the
necessary ventilation and conditionally systems in various spaces of the
theatre;
 Structural solution of air exchange systems in theatre auditoriums,
(analysis of the existing solutions in theatres of Russia and other
countries);
 Specifics of structural solution of heating, hot water, heat supply systems
of the theatre);
 Dust removal system in theatres;
 Automatic systems of fire water supply in theatres;
 Structural solution of water drain in theatres.
 There is a credit test with a mark on the basis of submitting drawings
showing elements of engineering equipment for the design project of the
student.
3. Architectural physics (optimization of visual and sound
comfort)
The program provides the following themes:
•Light climate. Thermal climate. Insulation and sun protection.
Orientation. Acoustic climate. Wind protection;

•Up-to-date methods of architects' work with SNIP (Building Norms and
Rules) for acoustics. Theatre, concert and cinema auditoriums and

multifunctional auditoriums;
•Structural elements of acoustic comfort. Designing sound-dispersion,
sound absorbing systems in theatre auditorium. Architectural -

structural, electric and acoustic methods of regulating sound quality
depending on the character of the performance;
•Overcoming acoustic defects when reconstructing the theatre;
 Architectural physics. Up-to-date methods of providing
comfortable conditions for visibility in auditoriums. Graphic and
calculation methods;
 Methods of creating the light architectural image of the interior.
Methods of designing colour finishing of the interior depending
on the climate peculiarities, colour distinction requirements when
choosing artificial light system and light spectrum;
 Specifics of designing illumination equipment in large halls
(theatre and sports) and their connection with acoustic problems.
 There is a credit test with a mark on the basis of presenting
drawings with the provision of good visibility and acoustic
corrections in theatre auditoriums.
 4. Architectural Materials (new efficient building materials)
 The program provides the following themes:
 Main trends of development and perfection of the material base
for residential and civic buildings in the modern world
architectural and building practice;
 New normative and instructive documents and reference
literature on building materials for residential and civic buildings;
 New efficient building materials for load-bearing and enclosing
structures of residential and civic buildings, laminated timber,
large perforated ceramic details, photochrome, electrochrome and
other original types of glass; economical and durable metal alloys
for efficient profiles; new types of prefabricated and cast-in-situ
reinforced concrete, silicate and gypsum elements, reinforced
plastics and perspectives of their use.
 Experience of use of these materials in the modern architectural
and building practice;
 New efficient building materials for external and internal
finishing of residential and civic buildings. Natural and artificial
(granite, laminate coverings, etc), stone slabs, facing ceramic
elements, glass crystal and polymeric elements, including those
for finishing ceilings, walls, floors. Experience of employing these
materials in up-to-date architectural and building practices.
 Credit test with a mark on the basis of the submitted list of
finishing materials used in the design done by the student.
 6.3. Architectural Designing in 5th year. Specialisation 2
Architecture of Residential and Civil Buildings
 The aim of architectural designing in 5th year is to deepen
professional skills in designing residential and civic
buildings. For this purpose the student is to work out a
comprehensive design of a multi-story residential complex
in the 9th term, and then in the next term - a comprehensive
design of a complicated civic building - a drama theatre or a
concert hall, or a big sport structure (stadium, covered
occurring, covered ice rink) with interiors. The descriptions
of a program for a residential complex and one of civic
buildings-drama theatre are given below.
 Project 1. Residential complex (5th year, term 9)
 The aim of the assignment is to introduce the student to all
problems connected with designing a residential complex.
Designing a residential complex involves a project of detailed
planning (PDP), consideration of climate requirements (orientation,
cooling, overheating, wind-rose, etc.), consideration of sociological
requirements (demography, age of inhabitants), provision of
shopping and every day services (everyday shops, reception centres
for repair workshops and laundries, post offices, savings banks, hire
centers, etc.) designing children facilities (kindergartens, schools,
children groups), provision of space for perambulators, bicycles, etc.
as well as spaces for everybody's use to make the building more
comfortable for living.
 Residential complex is designed in the 9th term in three stages and
takes 15 weeks.
 Project 1.
 Stage I.
 5 weeks, consists of: a project of detailed planning (town
planning solution), solution of transport connections and car
parking, choice of the type of housing (type of flat, number
of stories, type of structure), variant designing. The result of
task - approval of the draft.
 Stage II.
 5 weeks, consists of: working out of an architectural concept,
flats, all service systems, structures, outline of elevations.
The result of task is defence of the draft in the presence of
the commission.
 Project 1. Stage Ill.
 5 weeks, consists of: continuation of working out the draft, elaboration of
elevations, graphic presentation and completion. The result - presentation
of the completed design comprising: site layout, master plan, ground
floor and typical floor plans of the complex, plans of typical flats, cross
sections, panoramic view from the main highway with the demonstration
of the neighbouring development, elevations and their fragments,
perspective or a model.
 There may be intermediate stages: town planning design (PDP), plan of
greenery planting and pedestrian connections, children facilities, sports
facilities, car parking facilities, variants of flats, structures. Besides the
department of Architectural Designing, the following departments take
part in this design project: Architectural Physics, Architectural
Constructions, Engineering Equipment, and Transport.
 Project 2. Drama Theatre Seating 1000 (5th year, term 10)
 The aim of the design is to acquaint the student with designing a
large civic building which consists of rather complicated
technology of the stage arrangement with auxiliary technical
facilities surrounding the stage, rooms for actors, and search for
an architectural solution of the building, which plays a
considerable town planning role in the city and is one of the city
objects connected with the town cultural life. The theater is a
building which combines large halls (foyer, lobby, auditorium),
small spaces (green rooms) and special theatre facilities of
different sizes (stages, stages, storage, scenery and other
workshops, rehearsal halls, etc.). The theatre is designed in the 10th
term, for 10 weeks, and in three stages.
 Project 2.
 Stage I.
 4 weeks, consists of: town planning solution, theatrical and film show
requirements, architectural concept variants. The result is approval of the
draft idea.
 Stage II.
 3 weeks, consists of: working out of an architectural concept, fire escape,
provision of good visibility. The result is defence of the draft in the
presence of the commission.
 Stage Ill.
 3 weeks, consists of, continuation of the work at the architectural concept,
elaboration of the elevations, graphic presentation and completion of the
project.

 Project 2. The result - presentation of the completed project comprising:
master plan, plans of all floors which are not repeated, longitudinal and
cross sections, main facade, side facade, perspective or model.
 There may be intermediate stages: town planning solution, plan and
section of the auditorium with a wide screen and film projection box,
draft of the scenery on the stage of chosen size, blueprints with different
design of the stage box.
 Besides the Department of Architectural Designing the following
departments take part in this design project: Architectural Constructions,
Architectural Physics, Engineering Equipment, and Architectural
Materials. There can be intermediate stages in the detailed work: color
scheme of the whole theatre, draft of the theatre curtain, construction of
visibility from the parterre, boxes and balconies, construction of the
acoustic ceiling profile.
 Project 3. Interior of the Auditorium for a Drama Theatre
Seating 1000 (5th year, term 10)
 The aim of the assignment is to acquaint the student with
designing of interior finishes of a large civic building. When
designing the interior, besides purely artistic issues, it is
necessary to provide good visibility from all places of the
auditorium and the optimal audibility in the auditorium by
means of the employment of corresponding finishing
materials and the construction of plafond profile in the
auditorium and its walls' configuration.
 The interior is designed in the 10th term, during 8 weeks, in
two stages.
 Project 3.
 Stage I.
 4 weeks, consists of: idea of color and spatial solution of
interior finishes of the theatre, provision of good visibility
and acoustics of the auditorium, variant designs. The result is
approval of the draft idea.
 Stage II.
 4 weeks, consists of: working out a draft, lighting system,
color solution, graphic presentation and completion of the
approved draft. The result - presentation of the completed
project comprising: longitudinal section of the auditoriums,
its cross-section with the theatre curtain, plan of the plafond,
and plan of seats, perspective.
 6.4. The diploma Project. Specialization No.2 (2901-2).
Architecture of Residential and Public Buildings
 The diploma project consists of a complex of inter-related Issues
of architectural designing. The diploma work reveals skills of the
independent professional method of work and creative solution of
a complex design program on a high artistic level and in full
volume. The diploma work is a synthesis of the theoretical,
methodological, scientific and technical, artistic and graphic
training of students, their skills and abilities at analytical research
and critical activities, scientific generalizations, advancing and
confirming a hypothesis, result of the previous theoretical, design
and practical training in the field of three-dimensional, planning
and spatial design.
 The diploma Project. 6.4.1. Purposes and aims of the diploma project.
 The diploma project is the concluding project. It is a synthesis of all the student’s
training in the architectural school and is to display:
 Ideologically correct approach to the social problems which his specialization and
each project present;
 The student’s ability at independent and professional thinking;
 A comprehensive solution to a large range of social, town planning, technical and
artistic problems;
 Ability to advance hypotheses, to realize and analyses variants of solving
problems, to see the perspective of perfecting designed objects and sometimes to
foresee their future development;
 Ability to express the main concept of the project and its specifics clearly, to defend
the project and answer questions of the members of the State Examination Board;
 Readiness of the alumnus for the professional activities, his conformity to the
qualification of "Architect".
 The diploma Project. At the same time the work on the diploma project
supposes perfection of the student's professional training, as it is a big
project, and conditions are as close as possible to the character of his future
activities. While working at the diploma project, the student is to solve the
following problems:
 Collection and examination of data on the object and analogous materials on
up-to-date objects built in this country and abroad;
 Analysis of the town planning situation and harmonious combination of the
future object and the environment;
 Choice of the three-dimensional, planning, functional, technological, and
structural solutions, and provision of artistic expressiveness;
 Provision of the up-to-date comfort conditions and the necessary engineering
and technical equipment of the building;
 Graphic presentation of the project;
 Explanatory note;
 Presentation and defence of the diploma project.
 6.4.2. Diploma Project - Themes, Composition, Stages.
 Themes of all diploma projects are based on real programs. To get
briefs the department addresses various projects, research and
economic institutions offering to design projects on their vital
problems. Projects can be the programs of international or regional
architectural competitions held at that time. The problem of new
construction and reconstruction of Moscow, towns and settlements
of Moscow agglomeration plays an important part of the themes of
diploma projects in the "Architecture of Residential and Public
Buildings" specialization. The city's development presents a great
number and variety of complicated architectural problems. They
are problems of new residential areas, foreseeing housing of the
future, public building system, reconstruction and development of
the city central districts, organization of labor, study, recreation,
lecture and many others.
 6.4.2. The diploma Project.
 In addition to these problems, there are many local ones,
requiring concrete solutions within a short time. It is
advisable for the student to work on a concrete situation.
The department has a number of enlarged themes, to which,
as a rule, assignments received from practice correspond.
They are: residential districts and complexes, buildings for
mass use (schools, kindergartens, shopping centers,
entertainment facilities, sports facilities), medical and
sanitary facilities, administrative buildings, offices, hotels,
terminals, etc.
 6.4.2. The diploma Project. Composition size, form of presentation. The
diploma design consists of two parts: graphic and verbal. The graphic
part is executed on 8-10 boards 100x100 cm each, their structure and
contents depend on the theme. The graphic part is to clearly show both
the final stage of the object (its planning in a three-dimensional design of
artistic expression) as well as compositional connections of the object and
the environment and the proposed changes.
 As a rule the graphic part of all themes consists of the following divisions:
 Town planning;
 Three-dimensional solution of the object, which is being designed;
 Structural and technical aspects.
 Specific gravity of all these three aspects changes depending on the theme
of the diploma project.
 6.4.2. The diploma Project. Each design is to comprise:
 1. Layout showing the position of the object in the town. Layout plan of
the site which is to demonstrate the final result of the project (planning
organization and landscaping of the territory, system of transport and
pedestrian communications, functions of buildings and structures as well
as changes in the existing situation caused by the project). Schemes of
functional zoning, planting of greenery, transport and pedestrian
accessibility and visual connections are to be presented depending on the
theme. In some cases presentation of some other plans, e.g. the existing
site plan and the one connected with historic buildings is required as well
as a drawing illustrating the historical development of the environment.
 6.4.2. The diploma Project. 2. The part dealing with the object's three-
dimensional and planning design is to demonstrate the method of
functional and compositional organization of the object, means of artistic
expressiveness, and the necessary plans, sections and elevations.
 Only the main plans of the object are to be demonstrated in a number
sufficient to display the functional and technical solution of the whole
structure. Designs of housing contain large scale drawings of residential
building section with one staircase or the proposed set of flats. Plans
should show levels, total dimensions, and dimensions between axes, the
main rooms should be named either on the plan itself or in the legend.
The development of elevations is to show the existing situation with the
designed object. The main facades are to demonstrate the completed
appearance and give a realistic idea about the character of the
architecture, and its shape and color solutions. Sections are to give an
idea of the spatial solution and structure methods. In the case of the large
scale section it is possible to show interiors of the main rooms.
 6.4.2. The diploma Project. 3. The drawings of the architectural part are
to display all the main elements of the load-bearing framework and
enclosing structures, expansion joints, principal solutions of the
important joints of the buildings' bodies. The diploma project drawings
show elements of structure only in the case to reveal of original solutions,
detailed scheme of the bearing framework, original enclosing structures,
etc.
 The student himself chooses the technical artistic means of presentation.
 The verbal part is to explain the student's proposal, to reveal methods of
researching the main town planning concept as well as to prove the
correctness of the main architectural, compositional, engineering,
technical and economic issues, and to complete the graphic part. The
verbal part consists of an essay and explanatory essay.
 The essay systematizes the country's and foreign experience in
designing similar objects, and deals with questions of functional,
technological and compositional solutions. It contains the
characteristics of the existing site, evaluates its condition, gives
information on the neighbourhood with photos and descriptions
of field observation, and compares with collected historical data
about gradual changes in the environment. It provides
hypothetical models of the designed object. On one hand, the
essay is a result of the pre-diploma studies, and on the other hand
it testifies to the scientific and analytical competence of the
student. It helps the diploma student to get acquainted with the
experience of designing analogous objects, to broaden his own
outlook, and to deepen his understanding of the theme.
 The explanatory essay describes in detail and justifies the
main solutions and design proposals in addition to the
graphic part. It should not exceed 50 typed pages. It
contains: I. Title page with signatures of supervisors and
consultants for all related parts of the design. 2. Contents. 3.
Introduction. 4. Architectural part. 5. Related subjects parts.
The text can contain necessary graphic materials, tables, and
illustrations.
 6.4.2. The diploma Project. Stages of diploma design.
 The project with the defence lasts 8 months but it is preceded by the student's
preparatory work - collection of data for designing and acquaintance with
analogous objects in modern practice in this country and abroad. This is why:
 All the themes of diploma projects for the next year may be approved beforehand
and are announced by the department at the end of the term (in April-May);
 Students are assigned pre-diploma studies and visits to design offices which have
suggested diploma design themes, or to offices whose principal activities are close
to the theme chosen by the student;
 The student is obliged before beginning to work at the diploma project to collect all
the data on the theme and submit it in the form of an essay;
 The student is advised to visit the chosen or proposed site, to collect additional
data on the surrounding development which are necessary for designing;
 The result of the preliminary stage is to be an analysis of town planning role of the
future object and its compositional connections with the architectural and spatial
environment;
 6.4.2. The diploma Project. The essay (with drawings, graphics and photo
material and other additional materials) is submitted for defence together
with diploma project.
 The time-table of executing the diploma project (beginning from
September):
 Stage I (3 weeks): - meeting of the supervisors and students, approval of
diploma design themes, submission and assessment of essays,
continuation of collecting data, sketch design on the diploma theme.
 Stage II (8 weeks): work of the draft-idea, its approval by the tutors of the
group, introduction lecture, work at the master plan and three-
dimensional and planning solutions, and approval of the draft by the
head of the department and group tutors.
 Stage Ill (4 weeks): defence of the draft design in the presence of the
board, and arrangement of design drawings, correction of projections,
and their scales.
 6.4.2. The diploma Project. Stage IV (10 weeks): elaboration of the design,
preparation of drawings, technical materials, variants of proposals for the graphic
presentation, graphic presentation of the project.
 Stage V (4 weeks): completion of the design and all related parts, preparation of
explanatory essay, collection of signatures, verification critique by the head of the
department. Submission of the project for defence (June).
 From 15 – 30 June is defence of the diploma project before the State Examination
Board (Attestation Commission).
 The design is executed under the supervision of professors and teachers of the
institute and invited outstanding practicing masters of architecture. The
department attaches great importance to its collaboration with design and research
institutions, signs agreements with them about creative cooperation and
participation of famous practicing specialists in supervising diploma projects.
 Groups consist of 10-15 students, on average 5 diploma students per architect-
supervisor.
 6.4.2. The diploma Project. 6.4.3. Presentation and defence of the Diploma
Project.
 The general requirement for the Diploma Project is a new architectural solution. At
the same time the student is to formulate and defend his point of view on the
design solution. Dialectical unity of actuality and novelty of the solution is one of
the principal criteria when assessing the project. Very important also is the logical
clarity of the adopted proposals as well the comprehensive character of the solution
of different problems: architectural and compositional, social and functional,
technical and economic.
 Members the State Attestation Commission (SAC) and the time table of its work are
determined by the order of the Institute Rector. It is to be formed two months
before the defence. Its members are the most outstanding practicing architects and
theorists from the leading design bureaus and institutes. The board consists of 12-
17 persons including architects from the Institute staff who do not teach diploma
students and teachers of related subjects. As each State Attestation Commission
(SAC) can examine not more than 40 diploma students, and their number in
"Architecture of Residential and Public Buildings" specialty is considerably larger,
there can be 2 – 4 boards.
 6.4.2. The diploma Project. Defence takes place in the conference hall, so
everybody who wants can be present at it. The lists of the themes,
students and sequence of those who defend on that day are announced by
an notice in front of the hall. The defence is conducted by the SAC
chairman. After the student's report on the design, the critique prepared
by architects of leading institutions is read. The supervisor of the diploma
project takes the floor. At the end of the defence the SAC chairman gives
the SAC members the possibility to speak about the design and assess it.
In conclusion the chairman gives the summary of assessments. The SAC
members grade the design out of 10, after it the chairman determines the
average mark.
 At the end of the defence an exhibition of the year’s diploma projects is
arranged with free access for all who wish. After that, a discussion of
design takes place to which city architects are invited.
Specialization 3 (2901-3).
Architecture of Industrial
Buildings
 7.1. The general aims and tasks. The syllabus of studies
 The specialization of the students, in the field of industrial
architecture, is carried out in the fifth year and the work at the
diploma project occupies the sixth year.
 The objective of the specialization is, along with the completion of the
broad educational program of the 1-2-3-4 years, to offer the student an
opportunity to increase his knowledge in the field of designing
industrial buildings according to his personal choice. In this way the
student having interest in industrial architecture and predilection for
structural thinking will be able to realize his interest and his potential
in the process of theoretical studies of the problems and typology of
industrial architecture. This happens on a series of term projects and a
comprehensive diploma project on industrial architecture.
 The department of industrial buildings, the key department for this
specialization, arranges the course in theoretical subjects and provides
a wide range of options for the term.
 7.1. The department aims to train architects who will practice in the field
of industrial buildings to show them the specific projects in the design of
industrial buildings, to impart them skills and knowledge for successful
work in the field of industrial architecture. In this way - to shorten the
period of his adaptation to practical work in the design office.
 Table 6 shows the syllabus of the specialization for the 5th year, which
consists of 5 theoretical disciplines and architectural designing.
Altogether in the 9th and 10th terms there are 89 lectures (178 hours),
seminars, practical studies and 340 hours of architectural design.
 Examinations are taken to assess theoretical knowledge marked out of 5
and pass marks out of 2.
 After the 10th term the student has a pre-diploma studies and visits to the
leading design institutes and firms in the field of industrial architecture.
During these visits the student obtains the design program, the
assignment for the diploma project and all related materials.
 7.2. Theoretical disciplines of the Architecture of Industrial
Buildings specialization
 Besides general theoretical courses, common for all
specializations, there are theoretical courses read only for this
specialization. They are the following:
 Principles of Industrial Architecture;
 Problems of Architectural Composition Skill
 Engineering Structures of Industrial Building
 Engineering Services for Industrial Building
 Landscaping of Industrial Areas
 Below are given characteristics and programs of the courses.
 7.2.1. Principles of Industrial Architecture
 The course consists of 85 lecture hours: in the 9th and the 10th terms. The
lecture course is concerned with principles of architectural design of
industrial buildings (industrial architecture as a subject for study, location
of industry and formation of industrial zones in towns, site plans of
industrial enterprises, classification of industrial buildings, industrial
buildings and supporting buildings, storage buildings and complexes,
engineering structures and others). At the end of the 10th term students
take an examination marked out of 5.
 The program of the course includes 8 divisions as follows:
 1. Common principles of architectural design of industrial buildings
 Industrial architecture – as subject of study.
 History of appearance and development of industrial architecture.
 Social, humanities and ecological principles of industrial architecture.
 2. Principles of location of industrial objects in town.
 Location in town and industrial zones.
 Master plan and spatial organization of industrial objects.
 Techno-park – an integral town - planning structure of industrial
enterprise.
 Reconstruction of industry in urban development.
 3. Principles of typology.
 Character architecture –planning groups of industrial objects.
 Typological classification of industrial buildings.
 5. Principles for optimization of social psychological environment
for work.
 Social service buildings in industrial object.
 Interior of industrial buildings
 6. Architecture - compositional (artistic) principles of industrial
architecture.
 Principles of architectural composition.
 Architectural ensemble in industry.
 The originality in industrial architecture.
 7. World practice of industrial architecture.
 Industrial objects – Landmarks in architecture.
 Development of industrial architecture in Russia.
 Panoramic review of modern industrial architecture in the world.
 Modern trends in industrial architecture in Western Europe.
 8. Modern methods and technical means in designing in industrial
objects.
 Architecture enterprise in Russia.
 Order and stage for elaboration of architectural design of
industrial buildings.
 Computer technology of architectural designing.
 7.2.2. Engineering Structures of Industrial Buildings
 The course is conducted by the department of Engineering Structures; it
consists of 34 hours of lectures and practical studies. The program of the
course aims to introduce additional information on engineering structures
which had not been delivered in the general program of the 1-2-3-4 years.
 The course contains the following lectures on engineering structures:
 Multi-storey industrial buildings;
 Multi-purpose single-storey industrial buildings;
 Buildings using solar energy;
 Light shell structures (pneumatic and soft roofing of the buildings);
 Construction of reservoirs, water towers, chimneys, overpasses, galleries,
passages and so on;
 Ferro-concrete structures with external reinforcement for industrial buildings.
 After the lecture course the student writes a paper on the topics of the course,
using the recommended books. The assessment is by means of a credit test.
 7.2.3. Engineering Services for Industrial Buildings.
 The course covers the following topics:
 Building materials - 14 hours (conducted by the department of
Building Materials);
 Engineering services for industrial buildings - 20 hours
(conducted by the department of Engineering Services).
 The course consists of 34 hours, out of them 26 lectures hours and
8 hours of consultations.
 1. The main objective of the course on building materials is to
illustrate the use of new building materials in industrial buildings
from economic to aesthetic points. The lecture course and practical
studies cover the topics:
 The principal trends in development and improvement of
material resources of industrial buildings in present-day
architectural and construction practice;
 New regulations, codes and catalogues on building materials for
industrial buildings;
 New efficient building materials for load bearing and enclosing
structures in industrial buildings;
 New efficient building materials for structures and internal
finishes in industrial buildings;
 Fine slabs of natural stone, facing ceramic units, crystalline glass
units, slag concrete, metal, gypsum and polymer elements.
 The course deals with application of these building materials in
present-day practice.
 The practical part of the course is concerned with well-grounded
choice of materials for the interior and exterior finishing of
industrial building, which students design in the 9th term. The
results of the selection are presented in the form of tables.
Individual tasks are concerned with writing a paper on
application of new building materials in modern industrial
architecture. At the end of the course students take a credit test.
 2. The lecture course on engineering services for industrial
buildings consists of such problems as Industrial ventilation, air-
conditioning systems in industrial buildings and aerodynamics of
developing industrial zones. The course deals with the problems
of water supply, sewerage, heating and power for industrial
enterprises and with the integration of water supply, sewerage,
ventilation, air-conditioning and other services with the
architectural and constructional solution of industrial buildings.
At the end of the course students take a credit test.
 7.2.4. Landscaping of Industrial Areas
 The course consists of 17 hours of lectures and practical studies. The
course is run by the department of Landscaping and the program of the
course is coordinated with the department of Industrial Buildings. The
course deals with the problems of providing suitable working
environment.
 The lectures cover the following aspects:
 Problems of landscaping (Russian and foreign practice);
 Specific features of landscaping in the industrial projects;
 Working out of the concepts of landscaping of industrial buildings
(among them sanitary- protection zones and ecological problems);
 Specific features of landscaping of industrial objects functional zones;
 Design of urban environment (in industrial enterprises).
 Besides lectures the course provides some practical studies of
landscaping of industrial enterprises (on the basis of term projects). The
special course ends in credit test.
 7.3. Architectural Designing in the 5th year. Specialization
Architecture of Industrial Buildings
 The subjects, sequence and size of the projects in the 5th year are
calculated in such a way as to give the student an opportunity to
acquire skills in designing many kinds of industrial buildings,
Project No. 1 is devoted to reconstruction.
 Special attention paid to the buildings that are very important for
urban life and existence. Among them are so – called municipal
objects connected with urban services and trade: telephone
stations, objects of residential heating, waste disposal, auto–
service, parking, and various commercial objects.
 It is also quite important for the students to get acquainted with
the methods of reconstruction for industrial buildings – a very
urgent problem of today’s practice.
 7.3. The Department also finds it necessary to provide experience in
the design of large–span buildings for industrial and commercial use
and large complexes – the most complicated forms in the architectural
practice.
 In this light the actual design program for 5 year includes the
following objects.
 In the 9th term there are two projects:
 Project 1. Automatic Telephone Stations or a Dress Making Factory
with an Atelier of Models.
 Project 2. Urban Waste–Incineration Plant or a District Heating Station
or a Car Parking Facility.
 In the 10th term there are the following projects:
 Project No.3: Reconstruction of an Industrial Object, or a Printing–
Publishing Building.
 Each project program is summarised below.

 Project 1. Automatic Telephone Station, or Dress Making
Factory with an Atelier of Modes (5th year, term 9)
 In 1996-1997 the student were offered two municipal objects for
designing – Regional Telephone station or Dress Making plant.
Both objects are in Moscow. A student could select any for his
project.
 Actually the student at first time meets the real industrial object
with quite developed technology. Therefore booth object are of
middle size and not complicated in structure. The required floor
area for each is about 8,000 m2. Usually objects are designed as
multi-storey buildings.
 In order to enhance the architectural interest of projects the Dress
plant could have an Atelier of high modes with exhibition hall.
 Project 1.
 The final submission includes the following drawing:
 Situation plan in Town, site plan of the object;
 Plans of typical floors of the building;
 Cross sections;
 Main and other elevations;
 Schemes of technological process and functional zoning;
 Model or perspective view.
 The projects are assessed by department commission out of 10
marks.
 Project 2. Waste Incineration Plant, or District Heating Station, or Auto-
car Parking Facility (5th year, term 9)
 The student could select one out of three given themes for his project.
 All three objects are very important parts of urban infrastructure, needed
for any Town.
 As training exercises in architectural design of industrial building all
three objects represent more complicated tasks because they are
connected with technical structures, such as auto-ramps, bunkers, boilers,
incinerators, air purification tools, and chimneys etc. The student should
have consultations with technologists for each object.
 The final submission includes the following drawings:
 situation plan, master site plan; plans of first and typical floors; cross
section; main and other elevations; schemes of technological process;
models in scale of 1:100.
 Project 3. The Reconstruction of an Industrial enterprise in the
urban environment, or Printing publishing works building (5th
year, term 10)
 The student is offered, no less than, two options. The students are
offered, for instance, two proposals: the reconstruction project of
the "Krasny Proletari" plant in Moscow and the reconstruction
project of the Ordzhonikidze plant in Moscow. Both plants are in
Moscow and need reconstruction. Both assignments are real and
have been given by design offices and the plants. Both objects are
engineering plants, situated near the Donskoy Monastery, an
architectural and cultural monument. The requirements for the
project are to improve environmental conditions of the area near
the plants, to reconstruct old industrial buildings and to build
new industrial structures.
 Project 3. For the student's preference and selection there is a
second theme – Printing -Publishing Works building for
production of newspapers and magazines. This object is
connected with large technological equipment such as rotation
machines for printing of newspapers needing large–span hall type
rooms.
 The final submission on two drawing boards consists of:
 Schemes of preliminary analysis and situation;
 Site plan, the plan of industrial building;
 Cross-section of industrial building;
 Elevations of industrial building;
 Schemes of functional zoning of the plant site, goods traffic and
pedestrian circulation, landscaping.
 Project 4. The Large–Span Industrial or Commercial Building(5th
year, term 10)
 A student has two options:
 Hangar for testing and perfecting aircraft
 Covered market
 The project is executed in two stages.
 The first is a draft design (architectural and planning solution),
the second is a working out of the architectural and constructional
solution (a fragment with architectural and constructional
drawing, architectural details) and the development of the
interior.
 The first stage occupies 10 weeks, second stage – 2 or 4 weeks.
 Project 4.
 The task of the project for the plane hangar is to design a building
with a 96 meter span, 30 m high, which allows serving planes of
any type (Ruslan or Boeing 747 and any other). Beside the main
large spans the complex is to have auxiliary, storage facilities,
administrative office, and technical facilities.
 A real situation is selected for the project. The general
architectural and constructional solution should be worked out at
the first stage of the project and submitted with the following
drawings:
 Project 4.
 Scheme of the situation with the placement of the complex;
 Site plan;
 Plans of the hangar;
 Plans of auxiliary and administrative facilities;
 Cross-section;
 Elevation – front and side;
 Model or perspectives.
 This stage of the project is to be presented on two drawing boards
100x100 cm.
 Project 4.
 The second stage of the project the detailed working out of the structure
of the large-span hangar, its roofing, elements of the enclosure,
translucent elements, architectural details. The interior of the main span
of the hangar with detailed resolution of fragments is also included into
the second stage of the project.
 The following drawings are to be submitted:
 Detailed resolution of the structure and roofing of the large span;
 Fragments of the facades and other enclosing elements of the building;
 Interior (perspective, axonometric, the cross-sections of the fragments);
 Detailed resolution of interior elements.
 Similar design stages are for the second optional theme Covered Market.

 7.4. The diploma project. Specialization 3 (2901-3) Architecture
of Industrial Buildings
 7.4.1. The aims and tasks of the diploma project
 The aims and tasks of the diploma project are to increase
theoretical knowledge and to demonstrate the student's skills and
ability to apply his knowledge, competence to practical purposes,
and finally to show his ability at independent work as an
architect.
 7.4.2. The range of themes for diploma projects
 The range of themes for diploma projects - is determined by the
department of Industrial Buildings and until recently they were
formulated on the basis of real design assignments offered by
leading design offices. Some themes were formulated as a result
of the research work of the department.
 7.4.2. The range of themes for diploma projects
 The themes can be divided into three groups according to their
contents:
 Proposals for projects of large industrial zones;
 Proposals for projects of industrial buildings, structures and
complexes;
 Proposals for projects of industrial environment.
 The diploma project should be started in September and
completed in May the following year (total 37 weeks) Defence
period is 15–30 June.
 The composition, size and form of presenting the diploma project
follow the traditions of the Moscow Architectural Institute.
 7.4.2. The diploma project submitted for the "defence", as a rule,
consists of: technical drawings, an explanatory essay to all parts of
the project which includes some additional drawings and
calculations, a model or photographs of a model, the project
program and essay on the subject of the diploma project.
 Depending on the theme of the diploma project it could
emphasize planning, constructional or artistic compositional
aspects of the design. Nevertheless graphic designs, as a rule,
comprise 4 levels of solution development:
 7.4.2. Town planning: establishing the influences of the
surrounding environment on the design project.
 Three-dimensional and compositional: reflecting the functional
characteristics of the industrial enterprise.
 Architectural and constructional: transporting the functional
linkages and image concepts into the language of structures,
materials and architectural forms.
 Technical: engineering, operating with systems and arrangements
of engineering services for the building and area.
 The stages of diploma project and control of the student's work.
 7.4.2. 1. First stage is preliminary. It starts with the student's
choice of the diploma project theme and his selection of the design
studio. The student studies the design proposal, collects initial
material, prepares the brief, and writes a paper on the subject
related to the project. The results of this preliminary work are
submitted in the form of the paper and then assessed.
 2. The second stage is creative search. This stage begins with
writing a paper to formulate requirements for separate parts of
the project and the whole solution. The basis of the work is the
development of the project strategy in the form of the draft-
concept, intermediary and final drafts. This stage is completed by
the approval of the project concept by the department committee.
 7.4.2. 3. The third stage is elaboration. The student works
out the final project solution as a whole and in separate
parts, makes necessary calculations, completes the design
presentation drawings and writes an explanatory essay to
the project. At the end of the stage the project is assessed by
the department committee before being submitted for the
"defence".
 4. The fourth stage is the conclusion. It starts with the
external assessor's examination of the project and his
written report. Then it is followed by the procedure of the
"defence" of the diploma project, the exhibition and
discussion of all the diploma projects (15 – 30 June each
year).
 7.4.2. Consultations . The diploma project is carried out by the
student with the help of some consultations on architecture and
related subjects. These consultations are given by the head of the
design studio, the specialists on structures, technology and related
subjects.
 The diploma project is "defended" before the State Examination
Board. The State Examination Board is formed by the Dean of the
faculty and approved by the rector of the Institute. The Board
consists of the leading professors of the graduation department,
and noted practicing architects. The Chairman of the Board is
appointed from among the distinguished practicing architects not
working at the Institute.
 Scheme of the assessment and marking of the diploma project. The assessment of
the diploma project, to a large extent, is determined by the concept of the project
and its development. During the discussion the members of the Commission assess
separate aspects of the design solution and the project as a whole and mark the
project. The fact that on the Commission there are specialists in various fields and
external experts serves as a guarantee for the comprehensive review of the project
and the unbiased assessment.
 The project is marked out of 10 marks at the closed sitting of the Commission. It
may recommend the design for practical realization and recommend the student
for the post-graduate courses. The final sitting of the Commission, to which all the
heads of the design studios and project consultants are invited, is devoted to the
deliberation of the projects themes, the trends in design solution, the graduates'
competence and suggestions expressed for the future.
 The best diploma projects are displayed at the exhibition at the Institute and then -
to an annual exhibition of the diploma projects of the country's architectural
institutes and faculties.
Architecture of Rural
Settlements
 8.1. General purpose and aims. Syllabus of specialization
 The main aim of the comprehensive program of specialization 2909-4 Architecture of
Rural Settlements a theoretical and practical training of architects of broad
specialization, in particular for working in agricultural - industrial complexes, who
is capable of solving town planning and three- dimensional problems on all levels
of architectural designing and construction with regards to specifics of labour and
everyday life in agricultural sphere.
 The main principles of forming the program are:
 1. Training of architects for working in the following offices of the agricultural and
industrial complex:
 Design institute;
 Department of the district architect;
 Enterprise of an agricultural and industrial complex of any form of property;
 Independent architectural practice.
 2. Paying of special attention to new tendencies of social and economic
development of agricultural sphere in Russia, on the present stage:
 multi-structural character of productive - agricultural sphere,
introduction of private property for land, development of farms,
ecological aspects of the village architecture, formation of new typology
of agricultural objects in connection with private agricultural business.
 3. Conception of designing all objects of agricultural - industrial
complexes as a synthesis of residential, civic, industrial and national
environment; formation reconstruction and development of agricultural
settlement as an architectural ensemble.
 4. Transition from the topological principle of designing objects of
agricultural complexes to territorial and regional one with careful study
and employment of national traditions of local conditions and local
construction base.
 5. Studying by stages problems of rural settlements architecture on the basis of the
methodological principle from the general to the particular with the parallel study
of the theoretical course and architectural designing.
 The comprehensive program of specialization 2909-4 "Architecture of Rural
Settlements" is an integral part of the overall plan of training specialists of the
broad profile and represents one of the key subjects in final training of students for
the architectural practical work. Table 7 illustrates the plan of the specialization of
the 5th year which provides 6 theoretical subjects and designing. Altogether in
terms 9 and 10 there are 97 lectures (194 academic hours), practical training work,
seminars, and architectural designing - the key subject. Assessment of knowledge
in the theoretical course takes a form of examinations marked out of five marks,
and the credit tests marked out of two marks. Architectural design projects are
marked out of ten marks.
 After the 10th term students have pre diploma visits in leading institutes and firms
of agricultural and industrial specialization, e.g. Project and Research Institute of
Civic and Rural Buildings, Ros Gipro NIIselstroy (Project and Research Institute of
Rural Buildungs of Russia), MosGor Nil Selstroy (Moscow Research Institute), etc.,
where students could receive programs and data for diploma projects.
 8.2. Theoretical disciplines of the Architecture of Rural Settlements
specialization.
 Besides general theoretical subjects which are studied by the students of
all specialization’s (see 4.1), students of this specialization have lectures in
the following theoretical subjects:
 Typology of Agricultural Buildings and Structures.
 Architectural and Planning Organization of Rural Settlements.
 Special Course on Structures and Engineering Services of Rural
Settlements.
 Engineering Equipment in Agricultural Buildings.
 Economics of Agricultural Design and Construction.
 Landscape Design.
 Characteristics and syllabuses of their subjects are to be seen below:
 8.2.1. Typology of Agricultural Buildings and Structures
 The subject consists of a lecture course (41 hours) and seminars
(10 hours) at which principles and methods of sitting, planning,
development and architectural and structural solution of the main
types of agriculture complexes, buildings and structure of
industrial, residential and civic character are discussed.
 On the typology of industrial objects students study problems of
sitting planning and development of agricultural and industrial
enterprises as well as architecture of enterprises of cattle breeding
hot houses and green houses storage, facilities for processing
agriculture products as well as enterprises servicing the main
agricultural industries (chemistry, techniques, building industry,
etc.).
 8.2.1. Typology of Agricultural Buildings and Structures
 Types of residential buildings demonstrate a classification and
three-dimensional and planning solution of residential complexes
and social function buildings: sectional blocks, farmhouses with
production and service facilities, residential buildings for farmers,
peasants, week-end houses and houses for garden cooperatives.
Typology of civic buildings includes principles of planning and
three-dimensional arid spatial composition and constructive
solutions of the main buildings and structures for administration,
culture, everyday service, sports, recreation, education, public
health and other spheres of social life of rural population.
 The discipline is studied in the 10th term with an exam at the end
of it.
 8.2.2. Architectural and Planning Organization of Rural Settlements
 This discipline is studied in 9th term, it consists of a lecture course (51
hours) which deals with issues of distribution of rural population,
regional planning, planning and development of rural settlements and
their functional zones: residential, industrial, civic, recreation.
 Development of three-dimensional and spatial composition of the village,
architectural and planning design of rural settlements, methods of the
planning and development with consideration of ecological requirements,
natural conditions, transport connections, etc. It also analyses methods of
planning and development of residential zones, community centers,
settlements, industrial zones, recreation and sanitary zones.
 The knowledge is assessed by an exam.
 8.2.3. Special Course of Structures and Engineering Services in Rural
Settlements
 This discipline "Structures" (lectures - 17 hours) deals with the analysis of
specific specifics of agricultural buildings' structures with consideration of
functional and technological characteristics (aggressive environment, high
humidity, live organism, etc.) The subject analyses problems of the construction
of agriculture buildings of lightened structure with the employment of mobile
cranes and local cheap building materials, specifics of constructing on lands
little fit for agriculture and agricultural buildings under extreme conditions. At
the end student takes a credit test.
 The discipline "Engineering services in rural settlements" (lectures - 17 hours)
deals with the analysis of problems of water supply, sewerage, heat supply,
classification, electrification, rural settlements' area, schemes, main elements
and constructive solutions of services. One division devoted to transport
communication in rural area. The form of assessment is a credit test.

 8.2.4. Engineering Equipment of Agricultural Buildings and Structures
 The course is given by staff of three departments: Engineering Equipment
of Buildings, Architectural Materials and Building Physics. The subject
deals with the problems of the organization of inner milieu of agricultural
buildings and structures including the sanitary and technical equipment,
local systems of engineering equipment and autonomous systems.
Students study systems of heating, ventilation and conditioning of cattle-
breeding buildings, hot houses, poultry factories, and other objects. They
examine questions of using effective materials for load bearing and
enclosing structures of agricultural buildings. They study lighting of
agricultural settlements and enterprises of agricultural and industrial
complexes as well as principles of microclimate provision in agricultural
structures including employment of alternative sources of energy.
 At the end of the course students take a credit test.
 8.2.5. Economics of Agricultural Design and Construction
 The subject deals with economic principles of rural settlements
making the planning and development of rural settlement more
economical as well as plans of agricultural complexes, residential
zones of settlements. Students analyses principles of technical and
economic assessment of design solutions in rural building
composition and content of estimate documentation, principles of
calculation.
 They analyze specifics of working out organization of
constructions, kinds of building, content of projecting
organization of work, principles of making up summary of
building time table.
 At the end of the term students take a credit test.
 8.2.6. Landscape Design
 The course analyses landscape organization of rural settlements, some
function zones of settlements as well as the townscape of streets, square,
territories near buildings and structures, artificial and natural landscape,
role and importance of landscape architecture in the solution of ecological
problems in residential and industrial development of rural settlements.
It deals also with the following themes: arrangement of plots adjoining
houses, planning of greenery in various natural and climatic zones,
village park, architectural and landscape arrangement of industrial zones,
system recreation zone, protection of the environment on *he territory of
the village council, architectural and landscape arrangement of recreation
zones, assessment of landscape condition when working out regional
planning projects, stylistic character of the landscape architecture,
problems of the present day theory and practice of landscape
architecture.
 The form of assessing is the credit test.
 8.3. Architectural designing in the 5th year. Specialization 4
Architecture of Rural Settlements
 The main aims of architectural designing in specialization 2901-4 are:
 To introduce students to methods of designing principal objects of
agricultural complexes (planning arrangement of the territory, planning
and development of rural settlement; detailed working out of a fragment
of planning; planning and construction of a complex of buildings; project
design of a building:
 To acquaint students with the most important types of residential, civic
and industrial buildings;
 To cultivate skills of comprehensive designing rural settlements with
regard to the hierarchy of agricultural objects and their interdependence.
 In the 5th year students design projects for united by one town planning
situation and "from the general to the particular" principle.
 Project 1. Planning and Development of Rural Settlements (5th year,
term 9)
 (A settlement can be the center of an agricultural enterprise, a district
center). Students prepare a master plan of a settlement, either on a new
territory or on the place of an existing settlement (redevelopment and
enlargement). The master plan is completed with schemes of functional
zoning, transport and engineering services, schemes of cultural and
everyday servicing, landscaping, a panorama of the development, a
model or axonometry. The design is proceeded by a town planning
situation analyses.
 Project 2. Fragment of Planning a Rural Settlements (5th year, term 9)
 Students choose a fragment: either a public center or residential or
industrial zone and works out in detail its planning, development,
landscaping. He also prepares a model.
 Project 3. Agricultural Enterprises (5th year, term 10)
 The student chooses an enterprise in the industrial zone. It can be a cattle
breeding enterprise, diary complex, pig-breeding farm, hot houses or green-
houses. The student prepares a layout plan, plans, elevations, sections,
axonometry or a model of the enterprise.

 Project 4. Civic or Civic and Residential Complex or Building (5th year,
term 10)
 The student chooses a project of a complex of buildings or one building
housing the public center, school, sport facilities, etc. The project can
includes also residential buildings.
 Each of the above mentioned projects is executed on one or two sheets
(100x100 cm) in any kind of graphics. They consist of a layout plan, master
plan, detailed planning, elevations, sections, floor plans, as well as
perspectives, axonometry, models.
 Projects are marked out of 10 marks.
 8.4.1. Purpose and tasks of the diploma project
 The diploma designing is the final stage of training students in which they display
the results achieved by them. They are to display their professional competence
within enable them to solve complicated town planning, agricultural planning,
aesthetic problems.

 8.4.2. Themes of diploma designs
 One of 3 types of projects are executed by students of this specialization:
 Projects of planning rural settlements of various kinds;
 Projects of residential, civic and industrial complexes, buildings and structures in
rural settlements;
 Projects of research character comprising elements of research, scientific forecasting
and perspective proposals.
 The themes are generally chosen during the pre-diploma practice from the themes
at which project or research institutes currently work, in this time as well as from
the themes of "AGRO" architectural studio
 The diploma project consists of:
 Essay of the theme (analysis of the experience of design and building analogous objects
in this country and abroad);
 Explanatory essay;
 Drawings of the graphic part on paper sheets (1m x 1m);
 The main stages of the execution of the diploma project are:
 Preparation of the essay;
 Preparation of the design program;
 Execution of the draft-idea;
 Execution of the draft-design;
 Execution of the graphic and verbal part;
 Criticism of the design by the department and admission to the defence;
 Defence of the diploma design in the presence of the state attestation commission.
 The stages of the designing are controlled by means of Crits by the department and
intermediate assessments.

 8.4.3. Presentation and Defence of Diploma Project
 Diploma Projects are defended before of the State Attestation
Commission. The diploma students describe his design, answers the
questions of the State Attestation Commission members, opinions of
reviewers are read, and the student's supervisor takes the floor. Then the
State Attestation Commission members express their opinions and the
Chairman also takes the floor. Each member of the State Attestation
Commission writes down his assessment in the register and the average
mark is the final one. The designs are marked out of 10 marks. The best
designs are recommended for exhibition, and diploma students who have
displayed abilities for research are recommended for the post-graduate
courses. The best designs are recommended to be put into practice. The
State Attestation Commission is composed of well-known practicing
architects and researchers, as well as the leading staff members of the
relating (engineering) departments and the graduation department.
 The best projects executed by graduates of the
Department are displayed at the department faculty,
and Institute exhibitions as well as take part in the
interregional competition held yearly in different
towns. All Diploma projects are taken photos of, the
negatives and control prints are kept at the
department. As a result of the training at the Institute
and the defence of the Diploma project the graduates
are awarded with the qualification of Architect and get
a diploma.
Theory and History

of Architecture
 9.1. General purposes and aims. Syllabus of specialization
 In 1979 this specialization was offered for the first time at MARCHI. It
trains theoreticians in architecture, specialists in the history of
architecture and architectural critics. The purpose of "Theory and History
of Architecture" specialization is to train architects with profound
knowledge in the field of history and theory of architecture who are
aware of a wide range of problems connected with culture, fine arts, and
are able to carry out independent research work. The number of students
in the specialization is usually small: 10-12 persons (selected on the
competition basis); students are trained in the 5th year and in the process
of diploma designing. The condition of the high quality teaching is the
principle: 3 teachers per 3-4 students (there are 3 or 4 such groups). In
these groups students execute their term and diploma designs. If
necessary, specialists from other departments consult students.
 A specially selected set of subjects completes and broadens the
knowledge and skills provided by the general curriculum and
also in process of term design. The obligatory subjects are:
"Modern methods of architectural analysis", "Modern problems of
art history", and others. A number of theoretical subjects are to
broaden students' knowledge in sociology, fine arts, history of
architecture and town planning. To elucidate problems in related
subjects the outstanding specialists in each field are often invited.
 The specialization students have pre-diploma visit after 5th year
to leading research and project institutions, at journal editorial
offices or working on the individual research programs of the
department's staff. The results of the work are reported at the
meeting of the department, each tutor's group separately.
 9.2. Theoretical disciplines of the Theory and History of Architecture
specialization
 Besides general theoretical subjects which are studied by all
specializations, students in this specialty are taught the following
theoretical subjects:
 Philosophic Problems of Architecture.
 Modern Problems of Art History.
 Actual Problems of History Of Architecture And Town Planning.
 Literary Stylistics.
 Modern Methods of Architectural Analysis.
 Architectural Criticism.
 Architectonic of Space
 Below are presented characteristics and descriptions of syllabuses for
each of these subjects.
 9.2.1. Philosophic problems of architecture
 In the 10th term the course provides 10 lecture hours and 7 seminar
hours. The aim of this subject is to introduce architects, specializing in the
Theory and History of Architecture, to the development of architectural
conceptions in the broad context of philosophic, social and aesthetic ideas
because these ideas, to a great degree, determine the "spirit of the epoch",
that paradigm, which becomes a stimulus of architectural activities. The
course consists of a number of blocks of lectures dealing with
architectural and theoretical conceptions of Antiquity and Middle Ages,
Early Modern, and Modern. The course takes into account both the
degree of students' acquaintance with philosophy and architectural
conceptions and the actuality of the present-date material.
 The acquired knowledge is assessed by the credit test in the 10th term.
 9.2.2. Modern Problems of Art History
 The subject is based on the problem of the work of art. New subjects and
approaches are focused on it: semiotics of art, structural approach,
axiology, receptive aesthetics, hermeneutics of arts. Paradoxes of the
work of art are revealed and explained:
 Reflection of macro-world in micro-world;
 Each kind of art having a sign system of its own, semiotic concept of art
in the works by Eizenshtein, V. Ivanov. Semiotics of architecture;
 Problems of artistic style, "zero level of the text" (Roland Barthes)
"departure from norms"- essence of style;
 Artistic quality of the work of art and rhetoric figures. Century-old
experience of rhetoric and its importance for the analysis of structure of
the work of art. Rhetoric conceptions of the Belgium group "Mu";
 9.2.2. Modern Problems of Art History
 What is the function of the work? What is it for? Non-specific function of
art, value of the work as its importance for the mankind. Aesthetic
enjoyment of the reader, spectator as its specific function, as the main
purpose of art, as the creation of freedom sphere for the man. Axiological
concept of the world aesthetic culture. Five standards of beauty;
 Exchangeability of the work of art text and changeability of its content.
The latter emerges from the dialogue of life experience of the artist,
reflected in the work, with the life experience of the recipient. Historical
changeability of perception. Typology of the groups of readers and
spectators and changeability of work in their receptive activities.
Problems of receptive aesthetics of lzer, Peter Shondi;
 Hermeneutics and understanding of the meaning of the works of art.
Hermeneutic concept of Meier, Schleiermacher, Act, Schutz. Modern
hermeneutics of Gadamer and its role in understanding art.
 9.2.3. Actual problems of history of architecture and town planning.
 Theoretical lecture course is provided in the 10th term and is the final course of the
historical and theoretical subject complex directly related to the profession of the
architect.
 The objective of the course is to form principles of professional outlook. The aims of
the course are:
 Scientific and ideological: Definition of the role of the profession and the architect's
personally in history, culture and modern society life. Demonstration of general
scientific perception of architectural science.
 Professional: Formation of stable profession outlook and fundamentals of profession
philosophy. Founding the basis of the formation of a personal program for creative
activity.
 Structure of the course; the course consists of the two lecture blocks.
 Block 1 - Basic: directed to the realization of the objective and aims of the course. It
forms the general direction and structure. The block provides 14 lectures.
 Block 2 – Problematic: It represents a wide range of problems of the modern theory
and practice, personal opinions and personalities of high professionals themselves.
The block consists of 4 lectures.
MODERNISM EXPRESSIONISM
BAUHAUS BRUTALISM
 The constitution of the first block is corrected with the development of the theory of
architecture. The constitution of the second block is corrected with the change of
the spectre of the most urgent problems.
 Themes of the basic block of lectures:
 Subject of the theory of architecture. History of the architectural theory
development, a concise essay.
 Architecture as nature (natural history), principles of architecture common to all
mankind, architecture as realization of human notion of the world.
 Architecture: activities and results, process of creation and the life of architecture,
social commissioning, designing, construction, maintenance.
 Space unit and its development into residential, industrial and social facilities,
morphology of architecture.
 Social and production aspects in architecture: production and social infrastructure,
architecture of production.
 Modern opinion of the town. Fields and territory approach. Production and social
basis of the town. Town as a single organism in space and time.
STRUCTURALISM MINIMALISM
DECONSTRUCTIVISM INTERNATIONAL STYLE
 Territory and field tendencies in the society development: cycle process of the alternate
dominance, balance of the territory-field development, territory-field structure of project
organization and administrating architecture, modern stage, restructuring of the system of
economy and administration, restriction of the system of designing and controlling
architecture.
 Legal background of architecture: place of architecture in legislation system, town planning
legislation, architecture legislation, copyright, laws of preservation of monuments of
architecture, culture, history, and nature.
 Personality of the architect: architect in practice, science, and training; architect in society;
specific character of architect's professional thinking; architect's place in the present day
fundamental science; architecture as the science.
 Development of architectural science, formal and contents analyses of architecture, contents
and forms in architecture, development of forms.
 Perception of architecture. Creative arts of creation and experience.
 Architecture in the most ancient ideas of humanity, architecture in religion and philosophy.
 Space and time in architecture.
 Philosophy of profession
HIGH-TECH FORMALISM
 9.2.4. Literary Stylistics.
 The subject is delivered for 5th year students who have chosen the "Theory and
History of Architecture" specialization. It provides 36 hours of alternating lectures
and seminars at which the amount of independent written and oral essays by the
students and discussion with minimum participation of staff members constantly
increases. The final seminar deals with the analysis of the course subject and form
by the group.
 Students are acquainted with the evolution of themes and stylistics of architectural
text analyzing as examples classic materials beginning with Vitruvius and Marcial,
comparing it with literary criticism and general art history. Specifics of
consciousness are analyzed by means of comparing the literary text with its
cultural context pictorial "text" and its meaning, literary text and its illustrations.
Much attention is paid to stylistics of the latest architectural criticism using
materials of journals both widely known and local known in Russia.
 Because of difficulties in using the necessary literature whose considerable part is
in English, French or German, students get photo-copies of fragments from texts
with illustrations for independent work, encouraging them to continue
independent research in libraries.
 9.2.5. Modern methods of architectural analysis
 The subject provides 17 lecture hours, 17 seminars hours in the 9th term and is the
basic course for 5th year students specializing in architectural research, project
activities and spatial research which is of interest itself and useful for pre-design
analysis and analytical assessment of the object and conditions of designing in the
sphere of working out briefs defining the systems of limitations connected with
conditions of attaining the objective.
 The subject aims at mastering by students a wide range of methods connected with
various environmental, social, cultural, topological and other situations. The most
important aspect is the formation of ideas about methods, and their specific
possibilities and specifics of research techniques. To teach students to look for
adequate methods for the particular situation and to use methods of analysis is
very important for the development of research skills.
 Problems solved in this course prepare students gradually for working in various
research regimes. Students get acquainted with various social, ethnic, and cultural
types of space. Types of spatial preferences of some social groups, which the
researcher often comes across, various kinds of research contacts which he uses,
working out ideas of limits and norms possibilities in designing.
 9.2.5. Modern methods of architectural analysis
 Another very important sphere of developing research skills is the sphere
of historical problems, their correct formulation and solution. The subject
forms ideas of various types of historical and agriculture analysis,
traditions in this sphere and up-to-date methods of studying particular
historical and regional data. Specific methods of analyzing historical facts,
taking into consideration the researcher's effect on the data, methods
formulating purposes for research, are correct arrangement of the text,
connected with the descriptions of the research itself. Its subject-matter,
object, aims and different problems arising in the process of formulating a
research hypothesis, and process of formulating conclusions.
 Studies take the form of lectures and seminars at which students act
according to their roles in their research-business games.
 9.2.6. Architectural criticism
 The subject is taken for 5th year students (9th term) who have chosen the Theory
and History of Architecture specialization. The course consists of alternating lectures
and seminars (17 hours altogether), at which the proportion of independent
students' essays and discussion with minimum participation of staff members
increases gradually. The final seminar deals with collective analysis of contents and
forms of the course.
 Students get aquatinted with the history of architectural criticism beginning with
Hellenism epoch, Roman Empire, and its evolution in the Middle Ages, Early
Modern, and history of criticism in the 19th and 20th centuries. Special attention is
paid to the specific role of criticism in architecture of Russia and its analysis
simultaneously with that of Western criticism.
 Because of difficulties in using the necessary literature whose considerable part is
in English, French or German students get photo-copies of fragments from texts
with illustration for independent work, encouraging them to continue independent
research in libraries.
 9.2.7. Architectonic of Space
 The subject is taken on 10th term, 5th year; total 17 lecture hours.
 The assessment of knowledge is made with the credit test.
 The course should make the students familiar with principal
directions in studying of architectural environment space and also
with opinions on this problem of various scholars in latest
century.
 The course consists of the following divisions:
 1. Architectural environment space as an object of special study.
Substantial (line of Democritus) and relational (line of Aristotle)
concept of space and their reflection in architectural works.
Analysis of architectural space.
 9.2.7. Architectonic of Space
 2. Space and structural analysis. Space and structural idea in science, arts
and in architectural conceptions of XX century. From symbol – to
structure and from structure to space; language of space relationships.
 3. Space and architectural order. Idea of order. Order and language in
concept of the 20th century architects. Idea of "integrated order" as the
basis of architectural space structure. Order of space; principal notions,
elements of structure. Integration of space order and construction order.
 4. Demonstration analysis. "Initial elements" of space of painting and
architecture of Russian Avant-garde. Neoplasticizm – "Structural
grammatical of architecture" of Meis Van der Rohe, structures of P.
Eisenman. "Integral order" of L. Kahn as structure of universe. Space
structure in architecture.
 9.3. Architectural design in the 5th year. Specialization No.5. Theory
and History of Architecture.
 The aim of the course is to teach students of the specialization "Theory
and History of Architecture" to carry out research work independently,
to employ literary and archive data, to make graphic analysis and study
architectural objects on location. In 5th year students execute two
design projects, the second being more complicated.
 The first project (9th term) - each student works out his theme, chosen
together with the teacher. It is a study of an architectural object in
location. If there is no common theme objects are chosen by each
student individually. Earlier there was one theme "Classics in the
present" (Moscow objects). This theme enabled students to prepare
many variants of a solution, which were dictated by the choice of
objects (from the late 19th century buildings to modern Moscow
structures).
 9.3. Architectural design in the 5th year. Specialization No.5.
Theory and History of Architecture.
 The second project (10th term) is based on deepened study of the
object. During the work on the project discussions are arranged by
the department. They discuss and approve the theme and the
object of research, aims of the project. Each work is discussed,
remarks are made and the work is assessed. The completed
project consists of two parts: textual (with the outline, structural
division of the text into introduction, main parts, conclusion,
literature) and graphic part.
 A assessing each work by oral report made at the presentation
answers to questions, text, graphic are taken into account. Projects
are graded out of 10 marks.
 9.4.1. Objectives and aims of diploma designing
 Diploma designing shows the results of the training in
specialization and is to give the diploma student the possibility,
independently (with consultation of supervisors and other
specialists), to carry out the research work on the chosen theme. In
the process of work he is to demonstrate his mastering of methods
of systematic, architectural and graphic analysis, skills in working
with archive documents, project materials, collecting necessary
texts and illustrations, to express his ideas and problems clearly,
and to define distinctly the structure of research from the work
hypothesis to conclusions.
 The diploma work is a scientific research study; it is executed according to the
theme chosen by the diploma student together with the group supervisor and
approved at a meeting of the department. The diploma work in the "Theory and
History of Architecture" specialization consists of two parts of equal importance -
textual (independent scientific work) and graphic, which is not only illustration,
but is the independent graphic and analytical research study (on 6 or 7 boards).
 The department determines the control stages for the execution of diploma work:
 Approval of a detailed outline of the research and employed material.
 Approval of a theme and general trend of research.
 Approval of the final title of diploma work and the preliminary draft of the
exposition.
 Approval of the final draft of the exposition and the first version of the text.
 Pre-defence presentation of the diploma work, submission of the textual part.
 All these stages are discussed at the department meeting, diploma students making
oral reports on each part of the work. To consult students, besides staff members,
the department invites outstanding specialists in the related problems from project
and research institution of Moscow.
 9.4.3. Presentation and Defence of the Diploma Work.
 Under the condition of passing all control stages and successful pre-
defence, the work is admitted to be defended at the meeting of the State
Attestation Commission (SAC). Besides professors from architectural
designing department of Moscow Architectural Institute the State
Attestation Commission consists of representatives of other departments
(Philosophy, Economics, History of Architecture and Town Planning) as
well as well-known research specialists and architects from Moscow
institutes (VNIITAG, Institute of History of Arts, VOOPIK, Mosproyekt
and others).
 The textual part of the diploma work (with the list of literature, etc.) is
submitted and graphic material is displayed before the State Attestation
Commission for the defence. The diploma student makes a short report
on the principles of the studies and its conclusions. Then he answers the
questions asked by the members of the State Attestation Commission and
listens to judgment and remarks.
 9.4.3. Presentation and Defence of the Diploma Work.
 The chairman of the State Attestation Commission sums everything up.
Diplomas are assessed out of 10 marks. The members of the State
Attestation Commission take into consideration the professional level of
the report, ability to orientated himself in the problem, content of
presented material and the quality of the written work.
 The State Attestation Commission recommends the best diploma projects
to be displayed in the MARCHI exhibition, to publish some projects and
the most gifted students to enter the post graduate courses.
 All diploma projects are displayed in the rooms of the department. The
best projects, according to the State Attestation Commission
recommendation, are displayed at the Institute's exhibition of the
diploma projects.
Restoration
of Architectural
monuments
 10.1 General purposes and aims. Syllabus of specialization
 Specialized training in restoration is carried out in the 5th year
and during diploma designing. The key department is
"Reconstruction’s and Restoration in Architecture". Besides the
completion of wide profile training in 1-4 years, the goal of
specialized training is to offer the opportunity for students, in
accordance with their desire and interest, to deepen their abilities
and acquire skills in restoration of architectural monuments. Thus,
a student being particularly interested in this work is given a
chance to realize his interest, having taken a special theoretical
course and carry out a number of term projects and diploma
design on themes of restoration.
 10.1 General purposes and aims. Syllabus of specialization
 The key department sets a target also to provide the initial
training to the architect, who wants to work further on practice
mainly on restoration of architectural monuments. Thus, the
adaptation of the graduated architect in restoration firm or studio
can be reduced and simplified. The syllabus of the 5th year
specialized training including theoretical specialized courses (5
subjects) and design training is displayed in Table 8.
 At the end of the 9th term students are to take their month
practice in designing is carried out at the department, and
devoted to preparation of working drawings. At the end of the
10th term students are to take pre-diploma practice in leading
architectural restoration firms where they are to be given
assignments and programs for diploma projects.
 10.2 Theoretical disciplines of the Restoration of Architectural
Monuments specialization.
 The following theoretical disciplines are lectured besides general
theoretical disciplines (see 4.1.) compulsory for all specialization:
 Theoretical principles of architectural ensemble development.
 Principles of historic city reconstruction.
 Methods of research, restoration and adaptation of architectural
monuments.
 Building materials in restoration of architectural monuments.
 Acquaintance with restoration projects (practical training).
 Below are presented descriptions of syllabuses for each of these
disciplines.
 10.2.1. Theoretical Principles of Architectural Ensemble
Successive Development
 General knowledge of ensemble development, belonging to
different dates.
 Town-planning problems of ensemble development,
compositional principles of its arrangement.
 Form-creating factors and their significance in interaction of
ensemble buildings.
 Ensemble objectives and their significance in city architectural
context development.
 The course Includes 11 lectures (22 hours) and 12 hours of
seminars during the 10th term. At the end of the term students are
to take the examination assessed out of 5 marks.
 10.2.2. Principles of Historic City Reconstruction
 General concept on the historic city.
 Information on composition and sequence of designing works
during historic city reconstruction.
 Basic components of historic city structure and their research
methods.
 Town-planning activities in city historic architectural monuments'
preservation.
 Social engineering and art compositional problems of historic city
reconstruction.
 The course includes 11 lectures (22 hours) and 6 seminars (12
hours) during the 10th term. Students are to take the exam.
 10.2.3. Methods of Research, Restoration and Adaptation of
Architectural Monuments
 History of restoration. Forming of contemporary conceptions.
 Principles of contemporary restoration methods.
 Architectural constructions of Russian architectural monuments.
 Composition of restoration project.
 Structural reinforcing of monuments.
 Principal methods of architectural monuments' adaptation.
 Specific of engineering equipment of monuments.
 The course includes 18 lectures (36 hours) and 16 seminars (32
hours) during the 9th term. At the end students are to take the
exam.
 10.2.4. Building Materials in Restoration of Architectural
Monuments
 The subject Building materials in restoration of architectural
monuments is taught by the department "Architectural Building
materials" includes lectures and term papers, followed by the
exams in the 10th term.
 10.2.5. Acquaintance with Restoration Works
 Acquaintance with restoration works includes 34 hours of practical
training-excursions to architectural monuments, those under process
of restoration.
 10.3. Architectural design in the 5th year. Specialization 6. Restoration of
 Project I. Reconstruction of a District in Urban Historic Area ( 5th year, term 9)
 Task aim - students' introduction to basic principles of scientific research and reconstruction of
city historic environment fragment, appreciation of district and buildings' value of structural
delineation, selection of district contemporary functions and elements of historical
environment, adaptation of historic buildings to contemporary requirements and tactical
implantation of new buildings into existing city context.
 The task is carried out during the 9th term (15 weeks) and consists of 3 stages:
 First stage (3 weeks) - initial data collection and analysis, and carry out of a report and historic
base plan of the district (scale 1:2 000).
 Second stage (6 weeks) is development of functional content and compositional sketch (scale
1:500) with fragment of the plan and developed view (scale 1:200).
 After the second stage students are to defend their works, having submitted all papers and
plans carried out during these 2 stages.
 Third stage (6 weeks) is elaboration and full volume graphical presentation of the project.
 Content of the project: historic base plan, district master plan, district fragment, plans of
buildings, developed views of elevations, cross section, transport service scheme, visual
correlation scheme of historic and contemporary buildings.
 Project 2. Restoration and Adaptation of an Architectural
Monument (5th year, term 10)
 Task aim - students' introduction to the basic principles of
investigation, restoration and adaptation of architectural
monuments, appreciation of wear, alternations and later
stratification, mastering of determinative methods of the original
appearance of monuments and restoration of cleared out parts and
fragments.
 The task is carried out during the 10th term (16 weeks) and consists
of 3 stages:
 First stage (6 weeks) - collection and analysis of initial data, archive
literary investigations, studying of architectural monuments,
scientific paper and writing of paper and working out of drawings
of the object in its existing state - plan and elevation (scale 1:200).
 Project 2. Restoration and Adaptation of an Architectural Monument
(5th year, term 10)
 Second stage (4 weeks) - working out of functional content and choice of
monument restoration method (analytical, analogical etc.). Development
of sketch idea of restoration project (on tracing paper).
 After the second stage students are to defend their designs, having
submitted all papers and designs carried out during these two stages.
 Third stage (6 weeks) is development and full volume graphical design of
the project. During the third stage students are to defend their sketches
and to submit their designs carried out in pencil for review.
 Content of the project: graphic presentation on the object in its
contemporary state, master plan of the monument, floor plans, elevations,
cross sections, table of special building materials for restoration.
 10.4. Diploma Project. Specialization 6 (2901-6) Restoration of
 10.4.1. Aims and objectives of diploma design.
 Diploma design is a final work in students' training process. It is
carried out independently with supervisor consultations and
reveals mastering of specialty, professional consciousness and
acquired knowledge. The consultations of the diploma project are
to deepen those specific reconstruction and restoration problems,
which appeared as a basic content of specialized training in 5th
year and also - to demonstrate the interrelations of all volume of
knowledge and skill of an architect while working with a large
and complicated project.
 10.4.2. Themes and content of diploma projects
 The theme of a diploma project can deal with existing large historic
ensemble or complex (town/city Kremlin, monastery, town center), or a
numbers of blocks of historic development, including architectural
monuments.
 Content of diploma design is town planning and three dimension and
spatial complex or block reconstruction with creating out all invaluable
and distorting the architectural character buildings, restoration of
complex ensemble links, restoration of separate monuments, adaptation
of architectural monuments and historic buildings to the contemporary
use, implantation of new buildings into ensemble.
 As a rule initial data collected during pre-diploma practice are used in
diploma design. That's why the diploma themes are defined in the 10th
term.
 Diploma project is carried out in 5 stages (36 weeks), starting in
September.
 The first stage (8 weeks). Collection and analysis of historical data,
study of the object in its present state (plans and elevations).
Students are to prepare a base map and a scientific paper.
 The second stage (4 weeks). Development of a general idea of
restoration and reconstruction.
 The third stage (8 weeks). Development of the sketch project.
Students are to defend sketch projects having submitted the
papers and designs carried out during these three stages.
 The fourth stage (10 weeks). Working out of the project in pencil,
engineering and other problems, completion of explanatory essay.
 The fifth stage (6 weeks). Graphical design of the project and
presentation of diploma project for defence.
 Each stage is to be followed by the review at the department with
official registration.
 Content of diploma project:
 Historical base plan with new buildings' outlines.
 Site plan and traffic circulation diagram.
 Master plan of the block (complex plan).
 Fragment of the development with floor plans (complex elements -
plans, elevations).
 Developed views of elevations (ensemble panoramic view).
 Cross-sections of buildings (with acoustics and lighting engineering
equipment).
 Detailed elaboration of one of restored buildings (plans, elevations,
cross-sections, details).
 Explanatory essay (including scientific paper and all technical aspects).
 The diploma project should be presented on 10 sheets, size of each 1x1
m.
 10.4.3. Presentation and defence of diploma project
 Defence of diploma project on "Restoration of
Architectural Monuments" specialization is to be held
in the period of 15 –30 June before the State Attestation
Commission (SAC). The SAC includes leading
specialists from restoration research institutes,
architectural museums, specialists from Moscow
Research Design Institute of Master Plan and MARCHI
professors.
Landscape Architecture.
 11.1. General tasks and purposes. Curriculum of specialization
 Specialization in landscape architecture is provided both in the
5th year and during the period of diploma designing. The
specialization is aimed not only at providing students with wide
ranged architectural education in their first four years of studies
but also at giving them an opportunity to deepen their knowledge
in the field of landscape architecture according to their personal
interests and choice. So students, having interests, abilities and
inclination for work on landscape architecture, get chances to
realize their abilities to work in line with their interests, having
taken a theoretical course on landscape architecture. Having made
a number of term designs and a diploma design on the
“Landscape architecture" theme are most appealing to them.
 11.1. General tasks and purposes. Curriculum of specialization
 The leading department of specialization "Landscape architecture" holds lectures,
practical classes and provides a wide choice of themes for term and diploma
designing as well.
 The department and specialization are aimed at providing students with initial
training for their further work as architects in the field of landscape architecture.
 The working curriculum of the specialization for the 5th year includes 6 theoretical
subjects and architectural design in the specialization. At the end of the 9th term
students have visits to one of design firms dealing with landscape architecture.
 On completion of the 10th term, before the work at a diploma project, students
should visit to one of the designing or scientific-research organization. During the
visits students:
 Are introduced to the general character of the organization's activities, its structural
and creative tasks, and assimilate the nature of an architect's day to day work;
 Study specific features of designing of architectural landscape units
of various kinds and especially those which are appropriate to the
theme of their coming diploma designing;
 Collect necessary factual material for the diploma project.
 On completion of visits to the designing offices, the students make
and produce an illustrated, documentary and properly presented
report to the department.
 Optional courses in landscape architecture are being working out.
They include the following optional disciplines:
 Monuments of landscape gardening in Moscow and Petersburg
(lectures - excursions),
 Restoration of landscape ensemble (lectures - excursions).
 Visual perception of a landscape. Landscape painting (lectures -
excursions).
 11.2. Theoretical disciplines of the Landscape Architecture
specialization.
 Besides general theoretical disciplines introduced for all specialization
(see p.4l) lectures on the following disciplines are delivered:
 Landscape designing;
 Organization of architectural design;
 Ecology of urban landscape and equipment of areas;
 Architectural dendrology;
 History of landscape architecture;
 Aesthetics of Russian landscape.
 General characteristics and brief contents of programs on each
discipline are given below.

 11.2.1. Landscape Designing
 Tasks and purposes of the discipline:
 The discipline gives theoretical and methodological foundation to
the architectural professions of landscape specialization. It deals
with initial social, ecological, aesthetic and functional
compositional purposes of an architect's future activities. Concrete
examples of designing all kinds of architectural landscape units
are being given as lessons to be studied with profit. A vast
historical experience of landscape architecture and data of current
(domestic and foreign) practice are taken into account. There are
17 hours of lectures of practical training in the 10th term.
 Program of the discipline:
 The program of the discipline is based on the following:
 Subject, problems, and specificity of materials and methods of landscape
designing.
 Functional factors including natural-climatic and sanitary-hygienic
condition, pedestrian and traffic accessibility, demographic requirements,
regularity of attendance of recreation zones, etc.
 Town in its natural setting, concept about a system of open town and
suburban spaces. Multi-factor typology of landscapes.
 Landscape ensemble as a synthesis of nature and art. Idea, image and
compositional unit of an ensemble. Means of a compositional
organization. Regularity of visual perception of a landscape. Building up
of park landscapes and "sceneries''.
 Methods of architectural-landscape analysis of the situation. Designing of
in-town and out town parks, recreational zones.
 Methods of architectural-landscape analysis of the situation.
Designing of in-town and out town parks, recreational zones.
 Architecture landscape organization of a housing estate,
downtown’s, streets, embankments, gardens and squares.
 Elements of architectural-landscaping composition: topography
and water arrangements, planting, roads and paths, park
structures, park furniture etc.
 Historical review of landscape architecture and landscape
gardening.
 Conclusion. Prospects of landscape architecture development.
Schools and masters.
 The verification of knowledge is pursued through examination
with the production of a student's essay on the theme according to
his choice.
 11.2.2. Organization of Architectural Design
 The subject is taken in 9th and 10th terms, 5th year.
 Total 51 academic hours, including 34 lecture hours. Assessment –
credit test.
 The subject of the course is the upgrading of urban space
environment with architectural – landscape means. The object of
landscape design is the flora–subject environment, defined by the
following notions: "small forms", "garden park furniture", "area
arrangement elements", "natural landmark", etc. The student
should know the principal arrangement and acquire the skills for
designing principal landscape objects.
 11.2.3. Ecology of Urban Landscape and Equipment of Areas
 Purposes and tasks of the discipline.
 General concept of ecology and relating disciplines, defining the requirements of
designing and construction of urban plantations.
 Program of the discipline.
 Ecology. Hierarchy of concepts, global ecology, synecology, and ecological
requirements of plantations and landscaped spaces of diverse categories.
 Soil science. Concept of soil forming processes, soil types, morphological texture.
Interaction of arboreal - shrubbery vegetation. Modernized and transformed
condition of urban soil medium.
 Sylviculture. The study of the forests: Ecology and morphology of the forest.
Interaction of the forest and environment. Sanitary hygienic, aesthetic, and
recreational significance of the forest. The study of forest types. Natural national
parks. Resistance of forests to anthropogenic influence. Arrangement of forests and
parks and landscaping taxation of forests.
 11.2.3. Ecology of Urban Landscape and Equipment of Areas.
 Urban landscaping. The system and structure of urban plantation.
Resistance of different plantation components to techno genetic
Influence. Influence on the sanitation of urban environment.
Specifics of location and forming urban plantations. General
concept of urban landscaping economy.
 Designing specifics of landscaping units. Designing stages. Pre-
designing work. Research work. Landscape analyses of the area
and tree-to-tree taxation. Structure and contents of designing
documentation. The discipline is taught in the 9th and 10th terms,
there are 34 hours of lectures and 24 hours of practical training.
Examination takes place in the 9th term.
 11.2.4. Architectural Dendrology
 Purposes and tasks of the discipline.
 The definition system of ecological, and architectural characteristics of
decorative trees and shrubs.
 Program of the discipline.
 Dendrology. General statements and basic moments. Introduction of
terminology. Morphology of trees and shrubs. Principal determination of
tree texture. Brief systematic description of distributed species of trees and
shrubs in central Russia. The characteristic of main species of coniferous
and leaf-bearing trees and bushes, their decorative shapes, out- and
synecological characteristics. Sanitary- hygienic and aesthetic
characteristics. Possible combinations of trees and bushes with street
furniture, road covering, supporting walls, etc.
 Ways of teaching -lectures, practical classes, visits to main parks and forest
parks in Moscow. Collection of herbarium - 50-100 species, oral test.
 11.2.5. History of landscape architecture.
 The subject is taken on 10th term, V year, and total 34 lecture hours.
 The assessment is the credit test.
 The program of the course includes the following.
 Definition of notions – "garden park arts" and "landscape architecture"
 Landscape architecture of ancient Rome.
 Culture of monasteries and castle gardens in the Middle Ages. Specifics of eastern
Middle Ages gardens.
 Landscape architecture of renaissance and baroque epochs in Italy (14 – 17 th centuries)
 The origin and genesis of garden park arts in Russia.
 Baroque gardens of XVII–18th c. in Europe.
 Gardens in European classicism Romanticism in XVIII–XIX cc.
 Moscow school of landscape architecture.
 End of XIX and beginning of XX – the establishment period of contemporary landscape
architecture.

 11.2.6. Aesthetics of Russian landscape.
 The subject is taken on 9th term, V year; total 17 academic hours.
 The course provides the notion of "landscape", its types and
varieties – urban, rural, natural etc.
 Peculiar features of landscape in various Russian regions.
Methodology for measurements of landscape fragments, means of
tree survey and landscape inventory. Graphic and color methods
uses for the illustration of expressive feature groups of tree,
brushwood, specific to land relief, water pools etc. Complication
and comparison analysis of Russian and foreign landscape
painting catalogue.
 11.3. Architectural designing in the 5th year in specialization 8 Landscape
Architecture.
 The purpose of term designs is to acquire designing skills for any architectural
landscaping complexes: parks, recreational zones, systems of open and landscaped
areas under hard conditions of urban reconstruction, among historical monuments
and monuments of nature of great values in ecologically (or aesthetically)
unfavourable situations, etc. An important task is the application of theoretical
knowledge to practice in the field of landscape architecture, town planning,
sociology, engineering services, climatology and other disciplines.
 The term designs are pursued according to the principle of gradual complication of
tasks and logical transition from general tasks to details. The first two projects
cover relatively small recreational units in the urban area, the third and the forth
ones deal with vast open areas with a number of problems on rational usage of
natural and historical landscape.
 In each of the tasks students are given several themes and offered several units
varying in complexity to follow their own choice.
 The choice of themes is often determined by student's participation in professional
or students' competitions.
 Project 1. Small Open Area in the Urban Estate (5th year, term 9)
 Small open area in the urban estate (public garden, boulevard,
children's paying complex, embankment fragment, landscaped
yard, etc).
 The tasks is to develop a small area as an architectural
landscaping "micro-ensemble", organically tied with its urban
surroundings, to take necessary functional, ecological, aesthetical
requirements into account, to find situations of external
organization adequate to the concrete local place, including
landscaping, paving, irrigation, micro-relief organization, lighting,
external furniture, play equipment’s, decorative sculpture, etc.
 Project composition: plan, dendro-plan, sections, model, free hand
drawings from nature on plane-tables lm x lm.
 Project 2. Architectural Landscaping Organization of Local
System of Open Recreation Spaces in the Urban Estate (5th year,
term 9)
 Example: system of public gardens, boulevards, pedestrian streets
and squares in downtowns, multi-level town embankment with
approaches, landscaped accesses, gardens, protecting green belts
around museum complex, monastery; system of landscape
improvement in housing estates under reconstruction, etc.
 Project composition: site plan, multi-factor analysis of the
situation, master plan, schemes, perspectives, developed views
(on two plane tables lm x lm).
 Project 3. Architectural-landscaping organization of the park (5th year,
term 10)
 Architectural-landscaping organization of the park (forest park,
recreational zones, large specialized park, sports water park, etc.)
including vast territories of natural or national-historical landscape.
 It’s necessary to provide a zone for recreation and entertainment, ideal in
ecological, functional and aesthetic respects, to provide flexible zoning
structure to take the analysis of the situation into account, including the
unit in question into the structure of a town (suburban zone,
agglomeration).
 Project composition: site plane, analytical schemes, master plan, prospects
of improvement of the territory, elaboration of the fragment with the
dendro-plan, vistas, sections, sequence scenario of composition
perception, etc., (on two plane tables 1x1 m).
 Project 4. Formation of the complicated architectural complex in
the natural setting (5th year, term 10)
 Possible objects: park, country estate-architectural monument,
exhibition complex, a group of modern attractions, exhibition
buildings, etc., including natural elements directly into
architectural structure in the form of a garden on the roof,
conservatories, courtyards, fountains, etc. Project approximate
composition: plan, dendro-plan, vertical planning of the territory,
sections, perspective, scheme of functioning of the object
according to the traffic schedule (in "summer-winter", "weekdays-
holidays” conditions), mock up.
 The graphic part of the project is on two plane tables 1x1 m.
 11.4.1. Purposes and task of the diploma designing
 The purpose of the diploma design – complex final assessment
project, is to show the student’s abilities to solve creative problems
in designing parks, recreational zones and other objects of
landscape architecture.
 The project is carried out by the student on his (her) own, using a
limited amount of specialists' consultations and as a rule, on the
basis of actual tasks of organizations and firms. In the diploma
design both practical and problematic questions relating to the
formation of architectural landscaping set in temporal perspective
are being solved.
 Usually before the work at diploma design there is a visit to one of
the project organizations office, the activities of which correspond
to the chosen theme of a student.
 11.4.2. Themes a diploma designing covers
 Problems of creation of favourable setting for various forms of recreation
in town (e.g. town multi-functional park, specialized parks including
children’s park, sport park, exhibition park, zoos, attractions, memorial
parks etc.); problems of protection and usage of a particular natural
landscape, for instance, of a vast forest park, the place of mass recreation;
problems of renewal of landscapes – historical and cultural monuments
(palace and park ensemble, memorial estate, monastery, rehabilitation of
historically established urban quarters with the neighbouring natural
complex, etc.); problems of renewal and usage of wasted or damaged
grounds (e.g. an organization of a water park on a top of former quarries
of "Alpine" park on the waste heaps) etc.
 Project composition is changeable subject to the task, however, as a rule,
it contains: site plan, grapho-analytic schemes or materials on objects,
analogues, including historical one.
 11.4.2. Themes a diploma designing covers
 Master plan (principal drawing is in scale 1:500, 1:2000; schemes
characterizing functional zoning, pedestrian and circulation
traffic; engineering services and equipment fragments (plan,
sections, perspectives, schemes of transformation of relief with
vertical planning, schemes of planning or a dendro-project usually
in scale 1:200 – 1:500); separate characteristic details of the project
solution (landscape improvement, lighting, street furniture,
playing equipment in scale 1:20 – 1:50).
 Explanatory essay with the reasons of the acceptation solution,
feasibility studies, attendance calculation, realization stages, etc.
The volume of the project and the form of its representation is the
usually 6–8 drawing boards 100x100 cm accompanied by the
mock-up (fragments) and explication notes on 50-100 pages.
 The work at the diploma design occurs in three stages.
 The first stage (1.5-2 months): detailing of the theme, exploring the
situation in situ and studying the literary sources, establishment
of the working program, writing an essay, oral test in practice,
execution of studies for the design, analyzing the situation in
architectural-landscaping respect; reviewing the work by the
members of the department and by assistants from related
departments; revision of the drafts with due regard for the
remarks.
 The second stage (1.5-2 months): development of the accepted
draft (in all aspects including engineering), permanently
consulting instructors; the second reviewing of the work with the
approval of the principal designing solution and specification of
the project composition.
 The third stage (1.5-2 months): drawing on the plane tables in the
accepted scale with studies of fragments, completion of the
calculation part, examination of the project for its readies to be
defended, final completion of the project (organization of mock
ups, perspectives, binding, explanation notes, etc.). Consultations
on the architectural-landscaping part are held twice a week.
Specialists in transport, economics, engineering training etc. give
consultation to diploma students when it is needed throughout all
the stages, but largely during the last two stages.
 11.4.3. Presentation and defence of diploma project
 The diploma project is accepted to the defence by the State
Attestation Commission, consisting of the prominent specialists
(scientists, scholars and practical experts) in the field of landscape
architecture and town planning (usually the heard of the board
and 11-12 members). The SAC accepts a program-task,
explanatory essays, an essay and, most importantly, judges the
completeness and quality of the graphical part of the design.
Defence procedure includes the diploma student's presentation,
his (her) report, comments of the specialists with whom the
students work in the designing organizations, of the institute
instructors, and supervisor of the project. The diploma student's
answers to the questions of the SAC and the discussion whether
the diploma work corresponds to the accepted requirements.
 Summing up the results of the defence, the State Attestation Commission
judges the degree of the student's grounding and delivers a judgment
whether he (she) is worthy of qualification of Architect. The work of the
diploma is out of 10 marks. The board recommends the best designs to
their practical realization. Diploma students demonstrating scientific
knowledge and methods are recommended to take the post-graduate
courses.
 The "unsatisfactory" mark is practically never used due to the fact that
poor projects are not acceptable to the defence (by the results of the
second and third stages). When the work of the State Attestation
Commission is completed, an exhibition of diploma projects with their
further discussions is organized. A number of specialists are welcomed to
the discussions to sum up the work of training architects in the Moscow
Architectural Institute. Annually all-Russia show-competitions are held:
best designs awarded with diplomas of honour.
Regional Planning and

Master Plans of Towns
 At the moment the first and only in Russia specialization
"Regional planning and master plans of towns" was introduced in
Moscow Architectural Institute in 1992-1993 academic years.
 The department which trains final year students in specialization
2901-9 is the department "Theoretical Principles of Town-
planning"
 The training in specialization is in the 5th and6th years, i.e. at the
faculty of specialization and includes a number of special courses
on specialization disciplines and architectural designing - term
design (5th year) and diploma design (6th year) .The department
enrols students in the 3rd year, and the training in the 3rd and the
4th years is based on the general curriculum of the Faculty of
Fundamental training. Specialization begins in the 5th year.

 12.1. General tasks and purposes. The specialization syllabus.
 The purpose of specialization is not only to complete students' education in wide
range of architectural disciplines in their 1-4 years but also in their 5-6 years to
promote their specialization in regional planning and master plans of towns in case
they are interested and inclined to that particular field of architectural activities.
Specialization enables students to realize their abilities and interests.
 The purpose is to provide students with initial knowledge, forming them as
architects planners (urbanizes) in specialty of physical and spatial planning of
various areas - urban, urbanized, inter-urban, rural, etc.
 Strategy and methods of training are based on combination of traditional
approaches, worked out by disciplines of regional and urban planning with
relating disciplines: spatial analysis, sociology, demography, ecology, economics,
transport and engineering disciplines of planning.
 Curriculum in the 5th year is given in Table 11. The basis of training consists of two
blocks:
 Block of special courses in specialization disciplines;
 Block of architectural term designing.
 12.2. Theoretical disciplines of the Regional Planning and
Master Plans of Towns specialization
 Besides general theoretical disciplines, taught for all specialization
(see p.4.l), there are supposed the following lectures to be
delivered on this specialization:
 Social and economic principles of regional planning and
elaboration of town master plans.
 Regional planning and regional settlements.
 Engineering services of areas and transport.
 Town master plans.
 Ecological principles of regional planning and town master plans.
 12.2.1. Social and economic principals of regional planning and elaboration of
town master plans.
 The discipline delivered in 9th term – V year, total 34 lecture hours.
 The assessment of knowledge is made by the credit test.
 The aim of the course is the creation at students of theoretical basis, which provides
the opportunities to combine the principles of territorial organization of society with
contemporary social and economic tendency.
 The following themes are delivered here:
 regional planning and town structure in conditions of various socio–economic
formation;
 criteria for appraisal of land value;
 notion on revalorization of territories; stratification of urban areas;
 movement of population and structures of regional and urban communications;
 skeleton and tissue as principal elements of regional and town structure;
 town cadastre and principals of land use.
 Theoretical knowledge acquired by students is applicable in elaboration of
specialized projects parallel to lecture course.
 12.2.2. Regional planning and regional settlement.
 Delivered in 9th term, V year, and total 34 lecture hours.
 The aim of the course is the creation at students of theoretical basis, permits to
assess and prognoses trends in settlement structure development.
 The following themes are delivered here:
 regional settlements in conditions of centralized planning and market, economics;
 planning and prognosis as methods of regional planning;
 principles of territorial development, outlating from the internal potential;
 types and stage of regional planning projects;
 program of territorial development, principles of its designing and realization;
 monitoring as an indispensable element in the management on territorial
development process;
 The given theoretical course represents an immediate part of the work on a term
project.
 12.2.3. Engineering services of areas and transport.
 The discipline takes place in 10th term, 5th year; total 34 academic hours including. 24
lectures hours and 10 seminars.
 In the framework of the course it should be delivered general problems on the
organization of the transport and engineering infrastructures on the level of town
and region – from the point of view of engineering provisions necessary for socio–
functional process, and the influence of tectonics and technology development on
the perfection of town planning.
 The course is demonstrating principal requirements to transport and engineering
infrastructures, their role and significance in the forming of town planning systems;
the course is defining principles for the arrangement of functional connection on the
level of town and region – according to the specific of town planning design level.
 Significant place is devoted to the graph–analytic and mathematic methods in
studies and forming of transport – communication infrastructures.
 The students should prepare an essay on the subject related with their project work.
 12.2.4. Town master plans.
 The discipline takes place in 10th term, 5th year; total 68 academic hours
 The assessment of knowledge is made by the examination.
 In the framework of the course are to be delivered general theoretical positions,
defining the prognosis forms for the town master plans development and which
appear as a methodological basis for the town master plan designing.
 The course defines the principal aims and tasks for the town planning designing
and ways for realization of such aims.
 Significant attention is given to the conducting of pre–project studies, which results
appear as an information and methodological basis for the elaboration of socio–
functional programs for the preparation of town master plans and assumption of
the project concept.
 In the framework of the course are given methods for the survey of the
contemporary condition of the town and it's elements, principles for the definition
of character and directions in town development on the basis of it's socio–economic
development and out of this – the forming of the general concept for the town
master plan development.
 12.2.5. Ecological principles of regional planning and town master
plans
 The aim of the course is the creation at students of understanding of the
substantial connection between the natural and town planning system
from the point of view of their territorial structure.
 In the framework of the course is shown the place of the town planning
ecology in the system of town planning knowledge and town planning
designing, the interrelationship among the town planning system on all
level and the natural complex.
 Students will be acquainted with methods of complex landscape
assessment of the area from the point of view securing the rational use of
nature, upgrading and preservation of natural anthropogenic system
stability, aiming on the creation of rational town planning environments.
 Theoretical knowledge received by students should be used in project
designing.
 12.3. Architectural Designing in the 5th year in specialization 9 Regional
Planning and Master Plans of Towns
 Architectural design in this specialization includes the work at four term projects in
the 9th and 10th terms:
 Projects the 9th term: a settlement scheme of an urbanized region (large
agglomeration) or an industrial region (new exploration), a fragment of the
settlement system with the elements of ecological and transport frame;
 Projects the 10th term: a project for the development of a large town, agglomeration
centre or a project for a new town.
 And the project for the reconstruction of a district in a large town or for a
downtown.
 Optional courses (5th year). Optional courses are planned on foreign conceptions of
regional or town planning; on models of direction of regional planning and master
plans of towns in terms of economical reforms; on quantitative methods of spatial
analysis of regional - and town planning.
 The project carried out during 11th and 12th terms, total about 36
weeks.
 The diploma project is to be worked out using the actual themes
from designing practice (a project for a regional planning of object
with different professional levels including schemes of master
plans of towns; a project of a master plan of a town with elements
of a regional planning, etc.)
 The actual thematic of the diploma projects includes the
elaboration of regional settlement schemes, urbanized and urban
agglomerations, nature preservation measures, regional planning
of industrial zones and resort areas, and master plans for new and
reconstruction towns.
 On the first stage (11th term) is approval of the project theme,
natural survey and studies, written of the theoretical essay on the
project subject, elaboration of science and project conception. This
stage is competed in December with the defence before the
Department's commission.
 On the second stage (12th term) is elaboration of the project's
conception, preparation of drawings, writing of explanatory note
etc. Presentation before the Department for the subject –
admittance to the defence.
 Each stage be completed with the presentation of the project and
it's assessment. The final mark is to defined in the process of
defence before the State Attestation Commission in June each
year.
Design
Specialty 2902
of architectural
Design
environment.
of
archite
ctural
environ
ment.
 Design of Architectural Environment is a separate specialty, with its own
curriculum. Having finished their 6th year training, students obtain the
qualification and diplomas of designers unlike diplomas of architects.
 The purpose of the training program is to teach the students to solve
problems of complex environment objects, to provide them with
theoretical knowledge of principles of architectural-designing work, to
supply them with the skills of designing characteristic types and forms
architectural/spatial environment.
 While training on the one hand it requires maximum usage of methods
and approaches, typical of traditional architectural education, and on the
other hand it requires acquirement of theoretical and practical knowledge
about artistic modeling of objection ensembles and about special ways of
forming visual environment characteristics. It includes skills of an
architect-designer, which make artistic synthesis of architecture, object
and graphic design in the entire work of environmental art.
 13.2. Curriculum in specialty "Design" is largely equal to the set of
disciplines in specialty "Architecture“. However, additional
disciplines are added, and disciplines are grouped in different
ways.
 Specialization disciplines:
 Special course of artistic designing,
 Special course of artistic designing of complex facilities of
architectural objects,
 Methods of functional (pre-designing) analysis of facilities,
 13.2. Curriculum
 Principles of ergonomics,
 Colour and functional coloration,
 Finishing materials and compositional questions of artistic
designing,
 Artistic-constructing and design graphic and modelling,
 Principles of practical constructing,
 Practical work on disciplines in the specialization and designing -
in classes of complex projecting.
 13.3. Architectural-design projecting includes a complex of courses,
dealing with different problems of the creative work in design:
 1. Training of designing technology including:
 Notion about sequence of designing process, about criteria of its results;
 Notion about means of architectural-designing creative work
(components and principles of organization of objective - spatial
environment, principles of composition and harmonization of
environmental objects and systems).
 2. Acquaintance with actual typology of designing tasks, including:
 Functional-spatial specifics of projecting objects (residential, civic,
industrial buildings and complexes), town-planning and three-
dimensional systems, object and graphic ensembles):
 Differences of projecting objects, connected with the maintenance terms,
development peculiarities, scale of environment, aesthetically
significance.
 3. Exposure of the role of objective factors (constructions,
materials, productive capacity, natural and town planning
surroundings) and subjective factors (historical and social context,
artistic landmarks. author's talent and qualification, consumer's
possibilities) - which form an artistic image of the work of
environmental art.
 The complex course of architectural-designing projection is
composed of:
 Theoretical and reference information about an object and
technology designing (it may be given in lectures during practical
studies, in the form of individual or group consultations);
 Practical lessons (seminars) with exercises or complex projecting
tasks and with obligatory consultations of the institute assistants,
sometimes in the mutual creative work;
 Independent students' work both projects (executing special tasks)
and with the help of literary sources, natural exploring, etc.
 Results of the projecting work are done in forms of:
 Graphic projecting materials (drawings in needed scales,
perspectives, schemes, free drawings. coloring compositions, etc.);
 Models, natural fragments and details, installations, photos, video
films, etc.;
 Necessary explication (signs on drawings and schemes, separate
explication notes, mottoes. announcer text, etc.)
 13.4. Diploma project
 Purposes and tasks are to exposure of individual creative
approach of an architect-designer in the execution of independent
complex architectural-designing project.
 Such definition of purposes and tasks of diploma designing gives
a variety of themes for projects ranging from compact complexes
of facilities in the interior to elaboration of design conceptions of
large-scale urban fragments. Before diploma project their comes
pre diploma project, in which a part of problems for diploma
project is solved.
 Pre-diploma project composition - analysis of projecting situation,
general view (scheme) of the projected complex, site plans,
detailed elaboration of the fragment (plans, sections, appearance,
constructive details), explications.
 Diploma project is being made during one term. Diploma project
includes: analysis of the existing analogues, the choice of creative
preferences and landmarks; further - the same in the pre-diploma
project. The department controls the execution of diploma project:
formation of the projecting idea, draft project, completion of
diploma project. The decision of students' admission to the
defence is made 15-20 days before the defence date at the
department presentation of projects.
 The State Attestation Commission is formed of the department
staff, not being occupied with the direct supervision of diploma
projecting, of the teachers of the creative departments in the
institute, of outside specialists from other institutes of similar
profile, of leading experts from scientific research institution and
firms, from the Unions of Architects and Designers of Russia.
 The State Attestation Commission is entitled to recommend
diploma projects to their realization, to their displays at the
exhibitions and show-competitions, and also to recommend
diploma students to their taking post graduate courses. Being
recommended by the SAC and the department, the best diploma
project can be displayed at the annual Institute exhibition, at all-
Russia shows and competitions of architectural and design
diploma projects, at the international exhibitions and
competitions.
 Awarding the qualification. Students, receiving good marks for
their diploma work, are given the qualification of architect-
designer, with appropriate diploma.

Moscow Institute of Architecture (State Academy)

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