QUALITATIVE VS.

QUANTITATIVE
& THE DIFFERENT METHOD OF
RESEARCH
TOPIC 2
Qualitative Vs Quantitative
 Qualitative research gathers information that
is not in numerical form. For example, diary
accounts, open-ended questionnaires,
unstructured interviews and unstructured
observations. Qualitative data is typically
descriptive data and as such is harder to
analyze than Quantitative data.
DIFFERENT METHODS OF
RESEARCH
 1. DESCRIPTIVE METHOD
 It is designed for the investigator to gather
information about present existing conditions.
 That investigation which describes and
interprets what it is.
 It is concerned with conditions of
relationships that exist
 Practices that prevail, beliefs and processes
that going on, effects that are being felt or
trends that are developing.
Purpose and Objective
 To describe the nature of a situation,
as it exists at the time of the study
 To explore the causes of a particular
phenomena.
 To describe systematically a
situation or area of interest factually
and accurately
Types of Descriptive Research

.A. CASE STUDY

 -provide insights which may lead to discover

new findings not discovered before.

B. SURVEYS
 -used to gather a relatively limited data from a

relatively large number of subjects. It is used to

measure an existing phenomenom without
inquiring into why it exists.
SCOPE:
a. Census–covers the entire population
 b. Sample –covers a portion of population
using sampling procedure
C. DEVELOPMENT STUDIES
 -to get reliable information over a long

period of time. It requires a devout

considerable period of time.
D. FOLLOW-UP STUDIES
 -used when a researcher wants to follow-

up the development of a certain condition.

 E. LIBRARY or DOCUMENTARY ANALYSIS
 -gathering information by analyzing written

records and documents in order to solve a

problem.
F. TREND ANALYSIS
 -otherwise known as Feasibility Study popular

for subjects that are forwad- looking. Gathering

of existing data/conditions, the succes of the
project in the future is predicted.
G. CORRELATIONAL STUDIES
 -designed to determine which different variables

are related to each other in the population of

interest.
 - comparative analysis and studies
 2. HISTORICAL METHOD
 A method that records and explains past events,
it involves any appeal to past experience to help
in knowing what o do in the present and future.
 It interprets past trends of attitude event and
facts
 It deals with phenomena
 Credible research in the field of history
 interest in what way past social facts have in
common at the present, how they repeat
themselves and what generalizations can be
made to merge from reasoning
Criteria for Historical Research

 Worth of the problem.

 Genuineness and reliability of
sources.
 Adequate interpretations of facts
found.
 Verification of data used.
 Limitation of the cost in terms of time
and money.
2 kinds of applied Criticism
 1. External
 - deals with the first value of documents that
appear for analysis and use
 2. Internal
 - aims to get a final judgement on the actual
meaning of data gathered and a test for
competence
 Ex. Historical Structure research
 Classification of Historical Sources:

 A. PRIMARY SOURCE
 – regarded as the source of the “best evidence”. The data
came from the testimony of abled eye and ear witnesses to
past events and places
 -it may also consist of actual venues, structures/ objects used
in the past which can be scrutinized or examined.
 EX. Living Ancestral House Owners
 Method of Construction of Bahay na Bato
 B. SECONDARY SOURCE
 - these are information supplied by a person who was not a
direct observer or participant of the event, object, structures
or condition
 EX. 2nd Generation of Departed Ancestral House
 C. DELIBERATE SOURCES
 - provide data which have been recorded with the conscious effort to
preserve information
 Ex. Curator of a Museum
 Archeologist/ Botanist
 D. INADVERTED SOURCES
 - supply information also for the study even though that was not the original
intention of the source
 - it must be an object piece of evidence
 Ex. Original Dress Code in the Past
 Arts and Artifacts

2 BROAD DIVISIONS WHICH CLASSIFY EXISTING HISTORICAL SOURCES;

1. Documents – reports of events which are composed of impressions, made of
some human brain of the past events; these impressions have been consciously
recorded with the aim of transmitting them
Ex. Old Credible Newspapers written by famous Writers
Old pictures of historical places, sites, objects, etc.
2. Remains/ Relics/ Structures/ Sites – physical objects or written materials/
pictures of historical value or significance
Ex. Old Churches, Ancestral Houses, watch Towers, Antique Furnitures, etc.
 Different Sources of Historical
Materials
1. NATIONAL LIBRARIES – national library,
Philippine historical institute, DECS, CHED
2. LOCAL LIBRARIES – libraries of local colleges and
universities, city and municipal libraries,
government and non-government libraries
3. PUBLIC & PRIVATE MUSEUM – national
museum, metropolitan museum, provincial and
city museum, CCP museum and library
4. HISTORICAL SOCIETIES AND ORGANIZATIONS
- NCAA( National Commission on Culture and
Arts) UAP-CFA (Center for Filipino Architecture)
5. PRIVATE COLLECTIONS – of different agencies,
private individuals, who have collections of records
and remains like original paintings and sculptures
6. RECORDS OF PRIVATE & GOVERNMENT
AGENCIES – record files, collections, reports, and
manuscripts
7. TRAVEL, JOURNEYS, FIELDTRIPS, OCCULAR
VISITS, ACTUAL SURVEY – important trips to
familiarize with sites, and places of historical value.
Observation is included
8. INTERVIEWS- with reliable/ credible persons in
authority over the research subject usually people
from the actual site or place of event