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Welcome to this course on

Triangles
A.Interior and Exterior Angles
 
Sum of Interior Angles Theorem. The sum of the
three interior angles of a triangle is

Exterior Angle Theorem: The measure of an exterior

angle of a triangle is equal to the sum of the three
measures of the two non-adjacent interior angles of
that triangle.

Sum of the three exterior angles of a triangle is

equal to
 A.Interior and Exterior Angles

 
(Sum of Interior Angles)
(Exterior Angle Theorem)
 
Example: Find the value of .

According to Exterior Angle

Theorem,
80=30+
 B. Special Triangles
 
Equilateral Triangle: It has three equal sides and three equal
interior angles measuring

Isosceles Triangle: It is a triangle with two equal sides and

congruent corresponding base angles. If two sides of a triangle
are equal in length then, their opposite angles must be congruent
as well.

Note: The height of an isosceles triangle always bisects the

triangle, creating two equal right triangles.
 B. Special Triangles

Right Triangle: This triangle has 90 degrees

angle. Two perpendicular sides are called
legs and the side opposite the right angle is
called the hypotenuse.

Pythagorean theorem for right triangles: a2 + b2 = c2

 B. Special Triangles
Special Right Triangles: It has two special triangles.

   
Ratio of sides: 1:1: Ratio of sides: 1::2
 
Example: Find the value of and .

  Ratio of sides of a 30-60-90 right triangle is 1::2.

 
  = =4 = 12
= =8
 C. Similar Triangles
When two triangles are similar, their corresponding angles are
congruent and their corresponding sides are proportional.

 
∆ABC ∆EFG
 Similarity Theorems

Side-side-side Similarity Angle-Angle Similarity Side-Angle-Side

Theorem Theorem Similarity Theorem
SSS(Side-side-side) Similarity Theorem: If the ratios of all the three
pairs of corresponding sides are equal, then the triangles are
similar.
AA(Angle-Angle) Similarity Theorem: If the two angles of the first
triangle are congruent to two angles of the second triangle, then
the triangles are similar.
SAS(Side-Angle-Side) Similarity Theorem: If the ratios of two pairs
of corresponding sides are equal, and their included angles are
congruent, then the triangles are similar.
 
Example: Find the length of
 
According to AA Similarity theorem,

So, we can write it as,

TS= 4
RS= 3
PQ=6
Substituting the values in the above equation,

i.e.,
D. Area of a Triangle
  𝑩𝒂𝒔𝒆 × 𝑯𝒆𝒊𝒈𝒉𝒕
𝑨𝒓𝒆𝒂 𝒐𝒇 𝒂 𝑻𝒓𝒊𝒂𝒏𝒈𝒍𝒆=
2

The height of a triangle is the perpendicular

distance from the base to the opposite vertex.
 
 D. Area of a Triangle
The triangles with different bases and heights:

  Area of an Equilateral Triangle = (S = Length of a side)

 D. Area of a Triangle
Example : Find the area of the triangle.

 
Area of an Equilateral Triangle =
(S= 12)

If the ratio of the corresponding sides of two similar

triangles is a:b, then the ratio of their areas is a2:b2.
Example: Find the area of triangle B if the triangles A
and B are similar.

 
Consider the area of B = .

 
 E. Triangle Inequality Theorem

Overview:
The bigger side of a triangle is always opposite
the bigger angle and the smaller side is always
opposite the smaller angle.
 E. Triangle Inequality Theorem

Example: List the angles from largest to smallest based

on the following triangle.
 

 
 E. Triangle Inequality Theorem

 
Definition:
 E. Triangle Inequality Theorem

 Example: Which of the following could  

be the length of ?
a.3
b.4
c.10
d.12