Welcome to the module on course on

Trigonometric Functions and their Inverses

What is a Trigonometry?

Trigonometry is a branch of mathematics that

studies the relationships between side lengths
and angles of triangles.
 Right Triangle Trigonometry

  Shortcuts:
Formulas :
SOH: S=sin, O=opposite, H=hypotenuse

CAH: C=cos, A=adjacent, H=hypotenuse

TOA: T=tan, O= opposite, A=adjacent

Pythagorean Theorem:

Hypotenuse2 = Adjacent2+Opposite2
 
Example 1: If and , what are the values of and ?

 
Solution:

 
According to the Pythagorean
theorem,
The length of the adjacent side
=
and
Example 2: Solve the right triangle as shown below.

 
Solution:
Example 3: What is the height of the tree according to
the following figure?

 
Unit Circle: It is a circle with a radius of 1 centred
at the origin on the coordinate plane.
 
Special Right Triangles
 
Some important angles, , , , , and their sine, cosine, and
tangent values are

0 1 0
0 1 0

1
1
1 0 Undefined

1 0 Undefined
Cofunction
A cofunction is a trigonometric function whose
value for the complement of a given angle is equal
to the value of a trigonometric function of the
angle itself. Pairs of cofunctions are sine and
cosine, tangent and cotangent, and secant and
cosecant.
 
 Examples
 
Find the values of .
 
a.
Solution:
 
b.
Solution:

 
c.
Solution:
 
One angle measures x, where . What is ?

 
Solution:
()
=
Reference Angle

 
A Reference angle of an angle is the smallest
angle,,formed by the terminal side of the angle
and the x-axis (either the positive or negative x-
axis).
 
All simple trigonometric functions of are equal
to multiplying the function value of its
corresponding , depending on the quadrant
where is located.
 Examples
 
What are the values of , , and ?

 
Solution:
( is positive in Quadrant II.)
( is negative in Quadrant II.) is negative in Quadrant II.
 
What are the values of ,, ?
Solution: The reference angle of is .

 
( ( is negative in Quadrant II.)
( is positive in Quadrant II.) is negative in Quadrant II.
 Domain, range and period of trigonometry functions are
as follows.
Function Domain Range Period
All real numbers

All real numbers

All real expect + All real numbers

Graphs of Trigonometry Functions (sine, cosine, and
tangent):
     
  
Radians and degrees: These are the
two units for measuring angles. A full
circle has a total angle of 360 degrees
or radians.
 
The formulas to convert between degrees and
radians are:
 Examples
 
1. what is the angle in radians?
 
Solution:

 
2. Convert 2.36 radians to degrees.
Solution:
 
Arc Length: The arc length is the distance along the
curve which subtends the central angle in a circle.

 
In the circle, If the central angle is in
degrees, the formula to find the arc
length s is:

If the central angle is in radians, the

formula to find the arc length is:
 Examples
 
1. How long is the arc subtended by an angle of radians on a circle
with a radius of 3 inches?
Solution:

 
2: The minute hand of a clock rotates since midnight. If the hand is
12 centimetres long, what is the length of the arc it travels?
Solution: