CIVIL ENGINEERING DRAWINGS

CIE 222

Lecture 6

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 Introduction

Eccentric axial loading

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 Introduction
Effective height of walls, hef hef = nh
Where:
- h is the clear storey height of the wall n is a reduction factor
depending upon the edge restraint or stiffening of the wall.
- n may be 2, 3 or 4 depending upon the form of restraint (number of
restrained edges)

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Introduction

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 Introduction

tef = t, for the single leaf wall, double leaf wall and grouted
cavity wall

tef = t t , for a wall stiffened by piers

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 Introduction

hef / tef < 27 , when subjected to mainly vertical loading

Eccentricity at the top and bottom of the wall

If ei is equal to or less than 0.05t the reduction factor, Φi for load

capacity is taken as 0.9.

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 Introduction

Eccentricity at the mid height of the wall

Because eccentricity due to creep can be ignored, emk = em

Again if emk is not greater than 0.05t the reduction factor, Φm for
load capacity is taken as 0.9.

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Introduction

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 Introduction

Vertical load resistance of solid walls

NRD = Φ t fk /γm

Φ = min (Φi, Φm)

When the cross-sectional area of the wall is less than 0.1m2, fk should
be multiplied by: (0.7 + 3A)

NRD = Φ t (0.7 + 3A)fk /γm

Φ = min (Φi, Φm)

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Simplified sub-frame analysis

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 Introduction

Simplified sub-frame analysis

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 Introduction

Simplified sub-frame analysis

Simplified frame diagram.

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Typical plan of a building

Typical section of a building 32