TENSES

Tenses merupakan perubahan bentuk kata

kerja untuk mengungkapkan suatu
peristiwa.

Tenses yang harus dikuasai:

1. Past
2. Present
3. Future

TENSES
1. Simple present: to express general truth and daily habits.
Form of simple present:

(+) S + V1 s/es/ies + O & S + tobe + O

(-) S + Do/does not + V1 + O & S + tobe + not + O
(?) Do/does + S + V1 + O? & tobe + S + O?
Yes, S + do/does Yes, S + tobe
No, S + do/does Not No, S + tobe + Not

*Do : I, You, We, They.

*Does: He, She, It.

** Verb with ending O, CH, SH, X & Z add “ES”

** Verb with ending consonant + Y : change Y to be “IES”
** Verb with ending vocal + Y: add “S”

Present
Present continuous: is used to express an actions which is
happening at the time.
Form of Present continuous:

(+) S + tobe + Ving + O

(-) S + tobe + Not + Ving + O

(?) tobe + S + Ving + O

Yes, S + tobe
No, S + tobe +not

*tobe : am (I), are (you, we, they) & is (he, she, it)

Present
Present perfect: is used to express an action was completed (finished or
"perfected") at some point in the past or that the action extends to the
present.

Form of Present perfect:

(+) S + Have/Has + V3 + O

(-) S + Have/Has + Not + V3 + O

(?) Have/Has + S + V3 +O
Yes, S + Have/Has
No, S + Have/Has + Not

**Have: I, you, We, They.

**Has: He, She, It.

Present
Present Perfect Continuous: is used to express an action which is doing
from the past to the present.

Form of Present Perfect Continuous:

(+) S + Have /Has been + Ving + O

(-) S + Have /Has Not been + Ving + O

(?) Have/Has + S + Been + Ving + O

Yes, S + Have/has been
No, S + Have/has + not + been

**Have: I, you, We, They.

**Has: He, She, It.

Present
Simple Past: is used to express an action that has happened

Form of simple past:

(+) S + V2 + O & S + tobe + O

(-) S + did not + V1 + O & S + tobe not + O

(?) did + S + V1 + O? & Tobe + S + O?

Yes, S + did Yes, S + tobe
No, S + did not No, S + tobe not

**untuk kalimat negatif dan tanya verb/kata kerja yang

digunakan dalah V1.

Past
Past continuous: is to express an action which was happened at
that time.

Form of past continuous:

(+) S + Tobe + Ving + O

(-) S + Tobe not + Ving + O

(?) Tobe + S + Ving + O

Yes, S + Tobe
No, S + Tobe not

**Was: I, He, She, It

** Were: You, We, They

Past
Past perfect is used to express an action was completed
(finished or "perfected") at some point in the past before
something else happened.

Form of past perfect:

(+) S + Had + V3 + O

(-) S + Had not + V3 + O

(?) Had + S + V3 + O
Yes, S + Had
No, S + Had not

Past
Past perfect continuous: is used to express action that
started in the past continued up until another time in
the past.

Form of Past perfect continuous:

(+) S + Had been + Ving + O

(-) S + Had been not + Ving + O

(?) Had + S + Been + Ving + O

Yes, S + Had been
No, S + Had not been.

Past
Simple future: is used to express an action that has not yet begun.

Form of Simple of Simple future:

(+) S + will + V1 + O

(-) S + will not + V1 + O

(?) Will + S + V1 + O
Yes, S + will
No, S + will not

**untuk kata will adalah sbg contoh saja. Sbg pengganti bisa
menggunakan beberapa kata dari Auxiliary verb.

Future
Future Continuous: is used to express an
action that will occur in the future.

Form of Future Continuous:

(+) S + Will + Be + Ving + O

(-) S + Will not + Be + Ving + O

(?) Will + S + Be + Ving + O

Future
Future Perfect is a verb tense used for actions that will
be completed before some other point in the future.

Form of future perfect:

(+) S + Will + Have + V3 + O

(-) S + Will not + Have + V3 + O

(?) Will + S + hav + V3 + O

Yes, S + Will have
No, S + Will not have

Future
Future perfect continuous: is used to express
an action that will continue up until a point in
the future.

Form of future perfect continuous:

(+) S + Will + have been + Ving + O

(-) S + Will not + have been + Ving + O

(?) Will + S + Have been + Ving + O

Future
http://
grammar.ccc.commnet.edu/grammar/tens
es
https://
www.ef.co.id/panduan-bahasa-inggris/tat
a-bahasa-inggris
https://www.grammarly.com
https://
learnenglish.britishcouncil.org/en/english-
grammar
http://www.studyandexam.com/

References
Please change these sentences into another tenses!

1.They are swimming in the swimming pool (Past Perfect)

2.Does she live in the backyard? (Future continuous)

3.They have been in the class. (Change into simple past tense)

4.The scientist has mixed the formula. (Change into simple present tense)

5.Indra wrote a song for his new band (Present Continuous)

6.I’m drawing a picture to complete the task (Present Perfect)

7.The police caught those robbers. (Change into present continuous tense)

8.The thief has stolen much money in the bank. (Change into future perfect

continuous tense)

9.Mrs. Hanna was standing in the carpark at 09.00 o’clock (Simple Future)

The
10. old women had brought many apples. (Change into present perfect

tense)

Exercise