REVIEW OF

COMMUNICATION
PROCESS
Aashish
Parihar
Lecturer
College of
Nursing,
 Review of communication Process
Content-
Definitions of communication
Meaning of communication
Process of communication: Elements and channels
Types of communication
Facilitators of communication
Barriers of communication
Methods to overcome barriers of communication
Techniques of effective communication
Techniques of therapeutic communication
 Review of communication Process
Definitions of Communication
• Communication is process by which information is exchanged between individuals
through a common system of symbols and signs of behavior.
(Webster’s Dictionary)
• Communication is interchange of thoughts, opinions or information by speech,
writings or signs. (Robert Anderson)
• Communication is the transmission and interchange of facts, ideas, feelings or
course of action. (Leland brown)
• Communication is sharing of ideas and feelings in a mood of mutuality.
(Edgar Dale)
 Review of communication Process
Meanings of Communication
From the discussed definitions communication can be viewed as-
• Process of exchanging ideas, values, thoughts, feelings and actions.
• Transfer of information from sender to receiver.
• Process of initiating, transmitting and receiving information.
• Sharing of ideas and attitude between individuals.
Review of communication Process
Process of communication: Elements and channels
Elements
Review of communication Process
Process of communication: Elements and channels
Channels

Visual Auditory
channel channel

Combined
Tactile
channel
channel
 Review of communication Process
Types of communication
Criteria for classifying the communication
I. Based on the means of delivering message
II. Based on the purpose of the message
III. Based on the levels of communication
IV. Based on the patterns of the communication
 Review of communication Process
Types of communication
Based on the means of delivering message

Verbal
communication

Symbolic Non verbal

communication communication

Meta
communication
 Review of communication Process
Types of communication
Based on the purpose of communication

Formal
communication

Informal Therapeutic
communication communication
 Review of communication Process
Types of communication
Based on the levels of communication

Intrapersonal
communication
Interpersonal
communication
Organizational
communication

Public
communication
Transpersonal
communication
Small group
communication
 Review of communication Process
Types of communication
Based on the patterns of communication

One way
communication
One way
communication
Two way
communication
Many to one
communication
Many to one
communication

One to one
One to many communication
One to one
communication
One to many communication
communication
 Review of communication Process
Facilitators of communication
Facilitators are the factors help to achieve the smooth and hurdle free
communication between two or more people.

Completeness
Correctness
77‘C’
‘C’ofof Clarity

Effective
Effective
Concreteness communica
communica
tion
tion
Courtesy

Conciseness
Consideration
 Review of communication Process
Facilitators of communication
Beyond these facilitators some other factors which may enhance the communications
are-
• Positive attitude
• Improving communication skills
• Getting feedback of communication skills
• Goal oriented communication
• Using creative alternative approaches
• Minimizing negative impact
• Warmth and friendliness
• Openness and respect
• Empathy
• Comfortable environment
 Review of communication Process
Barriers of communication and methods to overcome it
• Physiological barrier
• Environmental barrier
• Psychological barrier
• Social barrier
• Cultural barrier
• Semantic barrier
• Organizational barrier
• Communication process related barrier
Review of communication Process
Techniques of effective communication

COMMUNICATION
SKILL

LISTENING TECHNICAL
SKILL SKILL
 Review of communication Process
Techniques of effective communication

FOCUSING

PARAPHRASING

SHARING
INFORMATION

PROVIDING
INFORMATION

COMMUNICATION ASKING RELEVANT

COMMUNICATION
SKILL QUESTION

SKILL CLARIFYING AND

SUMMARIZING

SHARING HUMOR
 Review of communication Process
Techniques of effective communication

ACTIVE
LISTENING

USING
SILENCE

LISTENING WITH
PURPOSE
LISTENING
LISTENING
SKILL ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
SKILL OF
MESSAGE

GIVING FEEDBACK
 Review of communication Process
Techniques of effective communication

USING TOUCH

USING
NONVERBAL CUES
SHARING
FELLINGS

SHARING
OBSERVATIONS

TECHNICAL SHARING
TECHNICAL
SKILL HOPE

SKILL PRESENTING
REALITY

SHARING
EMPATHY
 Review of communication Process
Techniques of therapeutic communication

• Listening • Open ended question

• Acknowledgement • Non verbal encouragement
• feedback • Restatement
• Mutual congruence • Paraphrase
• Clarification • Neutral response
• Focusing • Incomplete sentence
• Validation • Minimum verbal activity
• Reflection • Broad coining statements