REVIEW

1. On the diagram provided, various articulators are indicated by labelled

arrows (a-e). Give the names for the articulators.
 REVIEW
2. Using the descriptive labels introduced for vowel classification, say what the
following
cardinal vowels are:

a) [u] b) [e] c) [a] d) [i] e) [o]

a) Close back rounded

b) Close-mid front unrounded
c) Open front unrounded
d) Close front unrounded
e) Close-mid back rounded
 REVIEW
3. Draw a vowel quadrilateral and indicate on it the correct places for the
following English vowels:
 REVIEW
4 Write the symbols for the vowels in the following words:

a) bread b) rough c) foot d) hymn

e) pull f) cough g) mat h) friend

DIPHTONGS
Sounds which consist of a movement or glide from
one vowel to another.

A vowel which
remains constant
and does not
glide is called a
pure vowel.
Diphthongs are similar to the long vowels in length but they
are not the same.

In diphthongs
aɪ
the first part is (as in the words ‘eye’, ‘I’)
much longer and
Only in about the last quarter of the
stronger than diphthong does the glide to ɪ become
the second part. noticeable.

As the glide to ɪ happens, the loudness of

the sound decreases.

As a result, the ɪ part is shorter and

quieter.
The total number of diphthongs is eight (though ʊə is
increasingly rare).
 CENTRING DIPHTONGES

They glide towars the ə (schwa) vowel.

ɪə (example words: “beard”, “weird”, “fierce”)

eə (example words: “aired, “cairn”, “scarce”)

ʊə (example words: “moored”, “lure”)

 CENTRING DIPHTONGES
They all end with a glide towards a closer vowel.

Three of the diphthongs glide towards ɪ.

eɪ (example words: “paid,”, “pain”, “face”)

aɪ (example words: “tide”, “time” “nice”)

ɔɪ (example words: “void”, “loin “ voice”)

TRIPHTHONGUES
A triphthong is a glide from one vowel to another and then
to a third, all produced rapidly and without interruption.

The triphthongs can

be looked on as
being composed of
the five closing
diphthongs
described in the
last section, with
addedə on the end..
A triphthong is a glide from one vowel to another and then
to a third, all produced rapidly and without interruption.

eɪə “layer”, “player” The middle of the

three vowel qualities
aɪə “liar”, “fire”
of the triphthong
can
ɔɪə “loyal”, “royal”
hardly be heard and
the resulting sound
əʊə “lower”, “mower”
is difficult to
aʊə “power”, “hour”
distinguish from
some of the
diphthongs and long
vowels.