CIRCLE DIAGRAM

First conceived by A. Heyland in 1894 and B.A. Behrend

in 1895, the circle diagram is the graphical representation
of the performance of the electrical machine drawn in
terms of the locus of the machine's input voltage and
current.
The Heyland diagram is an approximate representation
of circle diagram applied to induction motors, which
assumes that stator input voltage, rotor resistance and rotor
reactance are constant and stator resistance and core loss
are zero.

TP59-DCJH-8C974
PROBLEM 1
ISN = Short circuit @ Normal Voltage

WSN = Short circuit power / blocked rotor input with normal voltage
V Draw the X Axis and Y Axis

O
 V Draw the Vector OO’ = I0 at ɸ0

ɸ0 O’
O
 V Draw the Horizontal line from O’ parallel to X axis

ɸ0 O’
O
 V Draw the Vector OA = ISN at ɸSC

ɸsc
ɸ0 O’
O
 V Join O’A this is output line

ɸsc
ɸ0 O’
O
 Draw the Perpendicular Bi-Sector of AO’, to
V
meet the horizontal line from O’ at C.
This is the centre of the circle

A
A

ɸsc
ɸ0 O’
O
Draw a Semi Circle to meet the horizontal line from O’ at B
with C as a centre and CO’ as radius

e
t Lin
tp u
Ou

O’
 Draw perpendicular from A on X-axis, meeting at point D

e
t Lin
tp u
Ou

O’
D
 Draw perpendicular from A on X-axis, meeting at point D

e
t Lin
tp u
Ou
E AD = AE + EF + FD

F
O’
D
 Draw a line from Midpoint of AE to O’

AD = WSN = Y1 cm
Power Scale = WSN /AD

AD = Total Losses
AE = Rotor Cu Loss
EF = Stator Cu Loss
FD = Fixed Loss

e
t Lin
tp u
Ou
E AF = AE + EF

e Li n e
Torqu

F
O’
D
 Scale
Draw the line from A’ parallel to the output line, X Axis 1 unit = 1 cm
Y Axis 1 unit = 1 cm
it intersects the circle at P AD = WSN = Y1 cm
A’
Power Scale = WSN /AD

e
t Lin
u t pu
lO
ra lle
Pa

AA’ = Output Power / Power Scale

P

e
t Lin
tp u
Ou
E AF = AE + EF

e Li n e
Torqu

F
O’
D
 Scale
Draw the Vertical Line from X Axis 1 unit = 1 cm
Y Axis 1 unit = 1 cm
P to intersect output line at Q AD = WSN = Y1 cm
A’
intersect torque line at R Power Scale = WSN /AD

intersect base line at S Total motor input = PT x Power scale

e
intersect X-axis at T t Lin Fixed loss = ST x Power scale
u t pu Stator copper loss = SR x Power scale
lO
ra lle Rotor copper loss = QR x Power scale
Pa
Total loss = QT x Power scale
Rotor output = PQ x Power scale
P
Rotor input = PQ + QR = PR x Power scale

e
t Lin
tp u
Ou
E AF = AE + EF

Q e Li n e
Torqu

R
F Base Line
O’ S
T D X-Axis
 Total motor input = PT x Power scale Slip s = QR/PR Scale
Fixed loss = ST x Power scale Power factor cos = PT/OP X Axis 1 unit = 1 cm
Stator copper loss = SR x Power scale Motor efficiency = Output / Input = PQ/PT Y Axis 1 unit = 1 cm

Rotor copper loss = QR x Power scale A’ AD = WSN = Y1 cm

Total loss = QT x Power scale e Power Scale = WSN /AD
t Lin
Rotor output = PQ x Power scale
u t pu
Rotor input = PQ + QR = PR x Power scale lO
ra ll e
Pa

e
t Lin
tp u
Ou
E AF = AE + EF

Q e Li n e
Torqu

ɸ R
F
O’ S
T D
 Total motor input = PT x Power scale Slip s = QR/PR Scale
Fixed loss = ST x Power scale Power factor cos = PT/OP X Axis 1 unit = 1 cm
Stator copper loss = SR x Power scale Motor efficiency = Output / Input = PQ/PT Y Axis 1 unit = 1 cm

Rotor copper loss = QR x Power scale A’ AD = WSN = Y1 cm

Total loss = QT x Power scale Power Scale = WSN /AD
Rotor output = PQ x Power scale
Rotor input = PQ + QR = PR x Power scale

eL ine
l e l Torqu AA’ = Output Power / Power Scale
Paral

J JK = Max Torque Line

P

e
t Lin
tp u
Ou
E AF = AE + EF

Q e Li n e
K Torqu

ɸ R
F
O’ S
T D
 Total motor input = PT x Power scale Slip s = QR/PR Scale
Fixed loss = ST x Power scale Power factor cos = PT/OP X Axis 1 unit = 1 cm
Stator copper loss = SR x Power scale Motor efficiency = Output / Input = PQ/PT Y Axis 1 unit = 1 cm

Rotor copper loss = QR x Power scale A’ AD = WSN = Y1 cm

Total loss = QT x Power scale Power Scale = WSN /AD
Rotor output = PQ x Power scale
Rotor input = PQ + QR = PR x Power scale

J AA’ = Output Power / Power Scale

P
nt
rre
Cu

e
Lin
ine

u t
tp
dL

Ou
AF = AE + EF
oa

E
ll L
Fu

Q e Li n e
K
=

Torqu
0P

ɸ R
F
O’ S
T D
Problem 2