WELCOME

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 PRE-SUBMISSION SEMINAR ON

DAMAGE DETECTION OF RAILWAY

TRACK BY SENSOR USING ADVANCED
RISC MACHINE

By
M.PRADEEP
11701D5505
M.Tech (EMBEDDED SYSTEM )

Under the Guidance Of

Mr. K.Naga Narasaiah Goud, M.Tech
Assistant Professor

Department Of Electronics And Communication Engineering

ANNAMACHARYA INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY AND SCIENCE 2
(AUTONOMOUS)
NEW BOYANAPALLI, RAJAMPET
SURVIVAL OF THIS PROJECT…

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CONTENTS
INTRODUCTION

EXISTING SYSTEM

PROPOSED SYSTEM

DAMAGE DETECTION OF RAILWAY TRACK

 RESULTS

TOOLS USED

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BIBLIOGRAPHY
OBJECTIVE:

• To design and concentrate on the development of new

railway track geometry surveying system, which
is designed by integrating the ultrasonic sensor,
fire sensor, GPS receiver, and total station, is
introduced.

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EXISTING SYSTEM
• Linear variable differential transformers (LVDTs)

• Biaxial Inclinometer

• GNSS Receiver

• Total Station

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LINEAR VARIABLE DIFFERENTIAL
TRANSFORMERS

A high-precision distance-measurement
system is necessary to determine the track
gauge values, depending on the UIC
standards.

 This
LVDT instrument can be operated
between 0 and 50.8 mm, and the
repeatability of the instrument.
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BIAXIAL INCLINOMETER

 A biaxial inclinometer by HL Planar Technical has

been preferred to determine the super-elevation
and gradient of the railway

 The precision of the super-elevation values on

these railways is between 0.7 and 2 mm.

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GNSS RECEIVER

 In addition, by means of motorized total

stations, the system can be operated in
tunnels without interruption where it is not
possible to work with GNSS receivers.

 The reference receiver has a radio

transmitter that transmits the carrier-phase
correction data.

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LIMITATIONS OF EXISTING
SYSTEM:

o Box containing sensor connectors and cables.

o Radio receiver.

o Inclinometer

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PROPOSED SYSTEM:

 Ultrasonic sensor

 Fire Sensor

 GPS Receiver

 GSM Modem

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BLOCK DIAGRAM

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ULTRASONIC SENSOR

Range : 2 cm to 4 m

Accurate and Stable range data

Modulation at 40 KHz

Triggered externally by supplying a

pulse to the signal pin

5V DC Supply voltage

Current - < 20mA

Echo pulse: positive TTL pulse, 87 13

µs minimum to 30 ms
maximum(PWM)
Contd..

o The Parallax PING))) ultrasonic distance sensor provides precise, non-

contact distance measurements from about 2 cm (0.8 inches) to 3
meters (3.3 yards).

o By measuring the echo pulse width the distance to target can easily
be calculated.

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Contd..

PIN DESCRIPTION ::

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Contd..

THEORY OF OPERATION

The PING))) sensor detects objects by emitting a short ultrasonic burst and
then "listening" for the echo.

Under control of a host microcontroller (trigger pulse), the sensor emits a short
40 kHz (ultrasonic) burst.

The PING))) sensor provides an output pulse to the host that will terminate
when the echo is detected, hence the width of this pulse corresponds to the
distance to the target.

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Contd..
COMMUNICATION ::

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OBJECT POSITIONING

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FIRE SENSOR

 The fire sensor circuit is too sensitive and can

detect a rise in temperature of 10 degree or
more in its vicinity.

 This fire sensor circuit exploits the temperature

sensing property of an ordinary signal diode IN
34 to detect heat from fire
 Model: SEN05082P

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USAGES

o Grove Interface

 High Photo Sensitivity

 Fast Response Time

 Easy to use

 Sensitivity can adjustable 20

MICROCONTROLLER
 ARM based LPC2148

 16/32-bit ARM7TDMI-S microcontroller

in a tiny LQFP64 package.
 8 to 40 kB of on-chip static RAM

 32 to 512 kB of on-chip flash program

memory.
 128 bit wide interface/accelerator

enables high speed 60 MHz operation.

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 PROCESSOR MODES
The ARM has seven basic operating modes :
 unprivileged mode under which most tasks run

 entered when a high priority (fast) interrupt is raised

 entered when a low priority (normal) interrupt is raised

 entered on reset and when a Software Interrupt instruction is executed

 used to handle memory access violations

 used to handle undefined instructions

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• privileged mode using the same registers as user mode
CONT..
 The ARM architecture provides a total of 37
registers, all of which are 32-bits long.

 This is due to a tradeoff between hardware

complexity (power consumption & silicon
area) and speed.

 All current ARM cores implement system

mode . This is simply a privileged version of
user mode.
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MAX 232
 A MAX232 chip has long been using in many
microcontrollers boards

 It is a dual RS232 receiver / transmitter that

meets all RS232 specifications while using
only +5V power supply

 It has four level translators, two of which are

RS232 transmitters that convert TTL/CMOS
input levels
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GPS RECEIVER
 The Garmin GPS35 is a complete GPS receiver is
installed in each bus.

 To keep track record of gauge

 Powered from the track main battery
 Providing one-second navigation updates
 low power consumption.
 To retain critical data such as last position, date, and time .

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 GSM
 SIM300 GSM module provides a wireless link
between the modules.

 Sim300 also supports reliable inbuilt internet

protocols

 TCP/IP for reliable data transfer and

 UDP/IP for audio and video streaming.

Memory
 4K EPROM is used for storing data in GSM 26
Module .
TOOLS USED
Hardware Requirement:
 LPC 2148
 GSM
 ULTRASONIC Distance measuring Sensor
 Fire sensor

Software Requirement:
 KEIL
 Embedded C
 C# (.NET)

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CONCLUSION
 A new railway track geometry surveying
system, which is designed by integrating the,
Ultrasonic sensor, Fire Sensor GPS receiver,
and total station, is introduced.

 This surveying system is an alternative to

classical geodetic measurement methods
that are often used for controlling the railway
track geometry, be further improved by
integrating different sensors.

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Fig: The Ultrasonic Sensor In Good Condition
Fig: The Left Side Damage.

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Fig: The Right Side Damage
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Fig: The Both Side Damage.
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Fig: The Fire Is Activated

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BIBLIOGRAPHY:
 M. Dünisch, H. Kuhlmann, and W. Möhlenbrink, Baubegleitendes
Festpunktfeld bei der Einrichtung und Kontrolle der Festen Fahrbahn,
Wichmann, Heidelberg, 2000, AVN 10/200.

 I. Milev and L. Gruendig, “Rail track data base of German rail—The

future automated maintenance,” in Proc. INGEO FIG Regional Central
Eastern Eur. Conf. Eng. Surv., Bratislava, Slovakia, Nov. 11–13, 2004,
pp. 1–8.

 J. Trehag, P. Handel, and M. Ögren, “Onboard estimation and

classification
of a railroad curvature,” IEEE Trans. Instrum. Meas., vol. 59, no. 3,
pp. 653–660, Mar. 2010.

 L. Beales, “Track system requirements,” Railway Group Standards,

GC/RT5021, Railway Safety, London, Oct. 2003. 34
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