Module 2

Emergency planning – on-site and off-site emergency plan – need

of plan – possible approach – objectives of emergency plan.
On-site emergency planning – formulation of the plan and
emergency services – Identification of resources – actions and
duties – emergency procedure – mock drills.
Off-site emergency planning – objectives and elements of off-site
plan – role of administrative machinery – role of major hazard
works management – role of the local authority.
Emergency preparedness at local level – Awareness and
preparedness for emergencies at local level (APELL) – The process
and its partners.
 Emergency Planning
• An important element of disaster mitigation
• A factor of safety management but not a
substitute for maintaining good stds. in works
• Briefly, an emergency planning includes
recognizing that major accidents cannot be
eliminated assessing the consequences of the
major accidents, and deciding on the
emergency procedures to be implemened when
emergency arises.
 Objectives
• To localize the emergency and if possible,
eliminate it as much as possible.
Eg. Fighting a fire, sprinklers, shutting off a valve
etc.
• Minimise losses/ impact on life & property
Eg. Rescue, first aid, evacuation, giving prompt
warning, relief supplies
 Categories of major accidents
• Events with fire/explosion
• Events with toxic release
 Hazard assessment Report
• The worst or major events considered
• The various incidents/acts leading to those worst
situations
• Time-scale to various identifiable “lesser events”
along the way which lead to the main event
• The min sizes of such “lesser events” if their
development is halted.
• Relative likelihood (probability) of the events
• Consequence of the events
 On-site emergency planning
• A written detailed plan to meet the
emergencies within industries
• The industry has to prepare the onsite
emergency planning, based on the final hazard
assessment
• It is industry-specific and site-specific
For Large industries the onsite em. Plan should contain the following elements:
i. Assessment of the nature and size(magnitude) of the disastrous events for
seen and the probability of their occurrence.
ii. Formulation of the plan and liaison with outside agencies and authorities
iii. Procedures – raising the alarm
_communication facility for inside and for outside
iv. Appointment of key personnel and their duties and responsibilities - Works
incident controller
- Works main controller
v. Emergency control centers (ECC)
vi. Actions onsite
vii. Actions Offsite
 Off SITE EMERGENCY PLAN
• Is an-integral part of any major hazard control
system.
• Based on those accidents, which could affect
people and the environment outside the works.
• Based on those events which are most likely to
occur.
• A good off-site emergency plan has the flexibility
in its application to emergencies other than those
specifically included in the formation of the plan.
Main elements of On-site Emergency plans
• Leadership and Administration.
• Role and Responsibilities of Key Personnel.
• Emergency action.
• Light and Power.
• Source of energy control.
• Protective and rescue equipment.
• Communication.
• Medical care.
• Mutual Aid.
• Public relation.
• Protection of vital records.
• Training.
• Periodical revision of plan.
 Emergency Control Centre
i. Internal and external communication.
ii. Computer and other essential records.
iii. Daily attendance of workmen employed in factory.
iv. Storage of hazardous material records and manufacturing records.
v. Pollution records.
vi. Walky-talky
vii. Plan of the plant showing:- a. Storage area of hazardous materials. b.
Storage of safety equipment's. c. Fire fighting system and additional
source of water. d. Site entrance, roadway and emergency exist. e.
Assembly points. f. Truck parking area. g. Surrounding location.
viii.Note Book, Pad and Pencil
ix. List of Key Personnel with addresses, telephone number etc.
 Assembly Points
• A safe place far away from the plant should be
pre determined as assembly point where in
case of emergency personnel evacuated from
the affected areas are to be assembled. The
plant workers, contract workers and visitors
should assemble in assembly point in case of
emergency and the time office clerk should
take their attendance so as to assess the
missing persons during emergency.
The Key Personnel for onsite emergency
The Key Personnel for onsite emergency:-
1. Works Main Controller.
2. Works Incident Controller.
3. Other Key Officers
a. Communication Officer.
b. Security and Fire Officer.
c. Telephone Operators.
d. Medical Officer.
e. Personnel/Administrative Officer.
f. Essential work team leaders.
 Works Main Controller
• Assess the magnitude of the situation and decide whether the evacuation of
staff from the plant is needed.
• Exercise and direct operational control over areas other than those affected.
• Maintain a continuous review of possible development and assess in
consultation with work incident controller and other Key Personnel.
• Liaison with Police, Fire Service, Medical Services, Factory Inspectorate and
other Govt. Agencies.
• Direct and control rehabilitation of affected area after emergency.
• Intimate Off-site Emergency controller if the emergency spreads beyond the
factory premises and likely to affect the surrounding area.
• Ensure that evidence is preserved for enquiries to be conducted by statutory
authorities.
• The Works Main Controller will declare the emergency
 Work Incident Controller
• He will rush to the place of occurrence and take overall
charge and report to the Works Main Controller .
• He will assess the situation and considering the magnitude
of emergency he will take decision and inform
Communication Officer to communicate the news of
emergency to different agencies.
• He will give direction to stop all operations within the
affected area and evacuation of workers and staffs from
affected area.
• He will inform all Key Personnel and all outside agency for
help.
 APELL
The APELL programme improves the community
level emergency preparedness efforts, and
supports governments and communities
initiatives, in particular in developing countries,
to minimize the occurrence and harmful effects
of technological hazards and environmental
emergencies.
• The objectives of APELL are to:
• Identify and create awareness of hazards and
risks
• Initiate measures for risk reduction, accident
prevention and mitigation
• Develop coordinated preparedness among the
local industry, authorities and community
• The APELL methodology is contained in a structured 5 phases and 10-elements
process and is aimed at creating a cohesive and resilient community to
technological or natural hazards through raising awareness and agreement on
roles and responsibilities of all community stakeholders to develop measures for
preparedness and emergency response.  
• At the heart of the APELL process is the Coordinating Group, which as the
management team nurtures and implements the APELL process in the
community. The Coordinating Group brings together various stakeholders in the
community including decision-makers from local authorities, industries and
private sector, response organisations, and representatives from the civil society.
• APELL has been introduced in more than 30 countries, resulting in long-standing
local level partnerships and has led to successful multi-stakeholder preparedness
efforts. Specific guidance materials have been prepared for the chemical, mining,
transport and tourism sectors, for port areas and storage facilities, which have
been applied in communities worldwide.
 The APELL Methodology
The APELL Process aims at creating a cohesive and resilient community in the face
of technological or natural hazards through raising awareness and agreement on
roles and responsibilities of all community stakeholders in potential preparedness
and response measures. This is achieved by assisting decision-makers and technical
personnel to increase community awareness and to prepare coordinated response
plans involving industry, government, and the local community, in the event that
unexpected events should endanger life, property or the environment. As a result,
APELL helps to save lives and minimize adverse impacts resulting from
technological hazards and environmental emergencies.

The APELL Process requires coordination, cooperation and strong broad

involvement by all the sectors of the community, with a a continuous process of
discussion and decision-making to identify gaps and measures to improve them. At
the heart of the APELL Process is the Coordinating Group, as the management
team that nurtures and implements APELL in the community. The Coordinating
Group brings together various stakeholders in the community including decision-
makers from local authorities, industries and private sector, response
organisations, and representatives from the civil society.
The specific goals of the implementation of the APELL Process are to:
• Provide information to the concerned members of the community on the hazards involved in
industrial operations in its neighbourhood, and the measures taken to reduce these risks
• Review, update, or establish emergency response plans in local areas
• Increase local industry involvement in community awareness and emergency response
planning
• Integrate industry emergency plans with local emergency response plans into one overall
plan for the community to handle all types of emergencies
• Involve members of the local community in the development, testing and implementation of
the overall emergency response plan.
• With a conceptual format, the APELL Methodology is structured into five (5) phases and a 10-
Elements process. 
• At first, the APELL process seeks to raise and improve the awareness of all community
members to local hazards
• Secondly, the capabilities of the community to respond and prepare are assessed and
matched to the identified hazards and related risks
• It is then that APELL focuses on how the gaps are addressed by the community, creating a
cycle of continuous improvements.
 Partnerships
• The APELL programme was developed and is implemented in
full cooperation with other partners in industry, NGOs,
governments and other international organizations worldwide.
 
In particular, the APELL programme has been directly
supported throughout the years by the International Council of
Chemical Associations (ICCA), which represents numerous
national associations, including those of large international
corporations and of the governments of Canada, France,
Germany, Sweden, Switzerland and the USA; as well as
international organizations including OECD and the
Commission of the European Communities