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LEB 20503
1
Power in AC Circuit
• Power is distributed into the resistance and
reactance in AC circuit.
v Vm sin t
i I m sin t
2
Power in AC Circuit
v Vm sin t i I m sin t
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Power in AC Circuit
Average Power, P
2 2
P I rms R Vrms [watt, W]
OR ; P
R
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14.5 Power Factor (Review)
Average Power, P P Vrms I rms cos
Therefore P S cos
P
Fp cos
S 8
Power in AC Circuit
Reactive Power, Q
2
OR Q I rms X [volt-ampere reactive, VAR]
2
Vrms
OR 2
QL I rms X L ; QL
XL
Since the apparent power, S = VI , and
the average power for inductor, P = 0
P 0
Fp cos 0
S VI 10
Power in AC Circuit
Reactive Power, Q Q Vrms I rms sin
• For a purely capacitive circuit,
QC Vrms I rms iC leads vC by 90°
2
Vrms
OR 2
QC I rms X C ; QC
XC
Since the apparent power, S = VI , and
the average power for capacitor, P = 0
P 0
Fp cos 0
S VI 11
19.7 Power Triangle
• The three quantities average power P, apparent
power S and reactive power Q can be related in the
vector domain by
with P P 0
Q L QL 90
Q C QC 90
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19.7 Power Triangle S P 2 Q 2
• For an inductive load, the
phasor power S, as it is
often called, is defined by
S = P + jQL
• For a capacitive load, the
phasor power S is defined
by
S = P - jQC
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19.7 Power Triangle
• If a network has both capacitive and inductive
elements, the reactive component of the power
triangle will be determined by the difference
between the reactive power delivered to each.
• If QL QC, the resultant power triangle will be similar
to the inductive load power diagram.
• If QC QL, the resultant power triangle will be similar
to the capacitive load power diagram.
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19.7 The Total P, Q, and S
The total number of watts PT, volt-amperes reactive QT,
and volt-amperes ST, and the power factor Fp of any
system can be found using the following procedure:
1. Find the real (average) power and reactive power for each
branch of the circuit.
2. The total real power of the system (PT) is the sum of the
average power delivered to each branch
3. The total reactive power (QT ) is the difference between the
reactive power of the inductive loads and that of the capacitive
loads.
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19.7 The Total P, Q, and S
Example 1 – Solution
1.
Load 1 S P2 Q2
P1 100 W; S1 100 j 0
Q1 0 VAR 100 VA
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19.7 The Total P, Q, and S
Example 1 – solution (cont’d)
Load 2 S P2 Q2
Load 3 S P2 Q2
P3 300 W; S3 300 j1500
Q3 1500 VAR 1529.71 VA
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19.7 The Total P, Q, and S
Example 1 – solution (cont’d)
Total
PT P1 P2 P3
100 200 300
PT 600 W
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19.7 The Total P, Q, and S
Example 1 – solution (cont’d)
Total QT Q1 Q2 Q3
0 700 1500
800 VAR
QT 800 VAR(C)
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19.7 The Total P, Q, and S
Example 1 – solution (cont’d)
QT 800 VAR(C)
ST PT jQT
600 j800
ST 1000 53.13 VA
PT
Fp
ST
600 W
1000 VA
Fp 0.6 leading (C )
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19.7 The Total P, Q, and S
Example 1 – solution (cont’d)
Fp 0.6 leading (C )
3. The current
ST 1000 VA
VI 1000 VA
1000 VA
I
100 V
I 10 A
I 10 A 53.13
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