PID CONTROLLERS

TEMPERATURE
GROUP 1:
Cromwell Patrick B. Davey
Genessa T. Gargar
CONTROLLERS
Darren R. Lazo
Renzo Cruize Navarro
Ardee V. Rojo
WHAT IS A PID CONTROLLER?
 TEMPERATURE CONTROLLER
As the name implies, a temperature
controller is an instrument used to
control temperature.

The temperature controller takes an

input from a temperature sensor and has
an output that is connected to a control
element such as a heater or fan.
WORKING PRINCIPLE
ADVANTAGES
ON-OFF CONTROLLER
 An on-off temperature
controller is the
simplest form of
control device. The
output from the device
is either on or off, with
no middle state. An
on-off controller will
set its output so that
the process value
increases whenever it
is below the desired
temperature setpoint.
As the process
temperature rises
WORKING PRINCIPLE above the setpoint, the
output is changed to
make it fall. *
HYSTERESIS/DIFFERENTIAL

This differential requires that the temperature

exceed setpoint by a certain amount before
the output will turn off or on again. On-off
differential prevents the output from
"chattering" or making fast, continual
switches if the cycling above and below the
setpoint occurs very rapidly.
USE
On-off control is usually used where a precise
control is not necessary, in systems which cannot
handle having the energy turned on and off
frequently, where the mass of the system is so great
that temperatures change extremely slowly, or for a
temperature alarm. One special type of on-off
control used for alarm is a limit controller. This
controller uses a latching relay, which must be
manually reset, and is used to shut down a process
when a certain temperature is reached.
Click icon to add picture

PROPORTIONAL
CONTROLLER
WHAT
WHAT IS
IS IT?
IT?
-Proportional controls are designed to eliminate the cycling
associated with on-off control (two-position control). A proportional
controller decreases the average power supplied to the heater as
the temperature
-When approaches
correctly tuned, setpoint.can
the controller
adjust its output to match the power that
is required to keep the process stable at
the setpoint. This is something an On-Off
controller cannot achieve.
-The proportional band is the amount of
input change (range of the measured
variable) needed to provide a full range of
output change (range of positions of the
final control element) caused by the
PROPORTIONAL VS ON/OFF
The user must tune a proportional controller to match the
characteristics of the process, which can be difficult in some cases.
(Controller tuning refers to the selection of tuning parameters to
ensure the best response of the controller.)
On-off control is chosen
for simplicity. The only
parameters that need to
be set are the switching
differential(hysterises
) and setpoint.
WHEN TO USE
PROPORTIONAL CONTROL
Choose proportional control if stable control is required and other
factors don’t prevent it. 
PROPORTIONAL GAIN
This concept is basically used in electronic controllers where the
circuit gain acts as proportional constant. The proportional gain is
the percentage change of controller output related to percentage
change in controller input.

Proportional Gain =   Δoutput (%) / Δinput (%).

STANDARD SIZES
Since temperature controllers are
generally mounted inside an
instrument panel, the panel must be
cut to accommodate the temperature
controller. In order to provide
interchangeability between
temperature controllers, most
temperature controllers are designed
to standard DIN sizes. The most
common DIN sizes are shown below.
APPLICATIONS
Temperature controllers are used in a wide variety of industries to
manage manufacturing processes or operations. Some common
uses for temperature controllers in industry include plastic
extrusion and injection molding machines, thermo-forming
machines, packaging machines, food processing, food storage, and
blood banks. The following is a brief overview of some common
temperature control applications in industry:
1. Heat Treat/Oven
Temperature controllers are used in ovens and in heat-treating
applications within furnaces, ceramic kilns, boilers, and heat
exchangers.
APPLICATIONS CONT.
2. Packaging
In the packaging world, machinery equipped with seal bars, glue applicators, hot melt
functions, shrink wrap tunnels or label applicators must operate at designated
temperatures and process time lengths. Temperature controllers precisely regulate
these operations to ensure a high quality product output.
3. Plastics
Temperature control in the plastics industry is common on portable chillers, hoppers
and dryers and molding and extruding equipment. In extruding equipment,
temperature controllers are used to precisely monitor and control temperatures at
different critical points in the production of plastic. Plastics
Temperature control in the plastics industry is common on portable chillers, hoppers
and dryers and molding and extruding equipment. In extruding equipment,
temperature controllers are used to precisely monitor and control temperatures at
different critical points in the production of plastic.
APPLICATIONS CONT.
4. Healthcare
Temperature controllers are used in the healthcare industry to increase
the accuracy of temperature control. Common equipment using
temperature controllers includes laboratory and test equipment,
autoclaves, incubators, refrigeration equipment, and crystallization
growing chambers and test chambers where specimens must be kept or
tests must be run within specific temperature parameters.
5. Food & Beverage
Common food processing applications involving temperature controllers
include brewing, blending, sterilization, and cooking and baking ovens.
Controllers regulate temperature and/or process time to ensure optimum
performance.
 PID
CONT
ROL
 Provides proportional with
integral and derivative control.

PID
CONTROL Combines proportional control
with two additional
adjustments, which helps the
unit automatically compensate
for changes in the system.
 PID control is based on
feedback. The output of a
device or process, such as a
heater, is measured and
PID compared with the target or
CONTROL set point. If a difference is
detected a correction is
BASICS calculated and applied. The
output is measured again
and any required correction
recalculated.
PID CONTROL
Integral and derivative adjustments are expressed in time-
based units

The proportional, integral and derivative terms must be

individually adjusted to a system using trial and error.

It provides the most accurate and stable control of the three

controller types

Best used in systems which have a relatively small mass, those

which react quickly to changes in the energy added to the
process.
CITATIONS:
https://in.omega.com/prodinfo/temperaturecontrollers.html
https://realpars.com/pid-controller/
https://www.omega.com/en-us/resources/tuning-a-pid-controller