MEC103

MECHANICS OF DEFORMABLE BODIES

SIMPLE STRESSES

ENGR. ROGELIO FRETTEN C. DELA CRUZ, CE

INSTRUCTOR
RIGID BODIES:
1. Statics
2. Dynamics
Only the external effect of forces acting on a
body are considered.
The bodies are assumed perfectly rigid.
(no deformation).

MECHANICS OF DEFORMABLE BODIES:

Internal effects of the forces on the body will be
considered.
Deformations will be of great importance.
 The difference between rigid-body mechanics
and mechanics of materials can be appreciated if
we consider the bar shown in Fig. 1.1.

In mechanics of materials, the statics solution is

extended to include analysis of the forces acting
inside the bar to be certain that the bar will
neither break nor deform excessively
ANALYSIS OF INTERNAL FORCES
 It is convenient to represent both R and CR in terms of two
components: one perpendicular to the cross-section and the
other lying in the cross-section. These components are given
physically meaningful names.

P - the component of the resultant

force that is perpendicular to the
cross-section, tending to elongate
or shorten the bar. It is called the
normal force or axial force.
V - the component of the
resultant force lying in the
plane of the cross-section,
tending to shear (slide) one
segment of the bar relative to
the other segment. It is called
the shear force.
T - the component of the
resultant couple that tends
to twist (rotate) the bar. It is
called the twisting moment
or torque.
M - the component of the
resultant couple that
tends to bend the bar. It
is called the bending
moment.
 STRESS

Stress (σ) is the intensity of load per unit area.

Stress is also a measure of the unit strength of a material.
 SIMPLE STRESSES

Three types of simple stresses:

1.Normal Stress
2.Shearing Stress
3.Bearing Stress.
NORMAL STRESS
The resisting area is perpendicular
to the applied force, thus normal.

σ
The force should
be applied on the
centroid of the
area of the cross
section to have a
uniform stress
σ distribution.
NORMAL STRESS
The resisting area is perpendicular
to the applied force, thus normal.
σ
The force should
be applied on the
centroid of the
area of the cross
section to have a
uniform stress
σ distribution.
NORMAL STRESS
Two types of normal stress:
1.Tensile stress
2.Compressive stress

Bar in tension

Bar in compression
NORMAL STRESS
The normal stress acting at any point
on a cross-section is given by the
formula:

Where:
σ = Normal Stress
P = Axial force
A = Cross-sectional Area
NORMAL STRESS
The normal stress acting at any point
on a cross-section is given by the
formula:

Units of stress:
N N
1 2  1 Pa ; 1 2
 1 MPa
m mm
lb kip
1 psi  1 2 ; 1 ksi  1 2
in in
Acceleration due to influence of gravity: For water at 4°C
g = 32.2 ft/sec2 = 62.4 lb/ft3
g = 9.81 m/sec2 = 9.81 kN/m3

= 1000kg/m3

= 1.94 slugs/ft3
1.) Two solid cylindrical rods
AB and BC are welded
together at B and loaded as
shown. Knowing that the
average normal stress must
not exceed 175 MPa in rod
AB and 150 MPa in rod BC,
determine the smallest
allowable values of d1 and d2.
2.) Two solid cylindrical rods AB and BC are
welded together at B and loaded as shown.
Determine the average normal stress in rod AB
and in rod BC.
3.) Each of the four vertical
links has a uniform
rectangular cross-section of
8 mm × 36 mm and each of
the four pins has a 16-mm
diameter. Determine the
maximum normal stress in
each link connecting (a)
points B and D, and (b)
points C and E. Indicate
tensile or compressive
stress.
4.) The homogenous 6000-lb bar ABC is
supported by a pin at C and a cable that runs
from A to B around the frictionless pulley at D.
Find the stress in the cable if its diameter is
0.60 in.
5.) The cross-sectional area of each member of the
truss is 1.8 in.2. Calculate the stresses in members
CE, DE, and DF. Indicate tensile or compressive
stress.
6.) The 1200-lb uniform plate can rotate freely
about the hinge AB. The plate is supported by the
cables DE and CE. If the working stress in the
cables is 18,000 psi, determine the smallest safe
diameter of the cables.
END