Point-to-Point Protocol

(PPP)

Accessing the WAN – Chapter 2

CCNA Exploration 4 – Chapter 2 Cantho University Network Training Center 1

 Objectives
 Describe the fundamental concepts of point-to-point serial
communication including TDM, demarcation point, DTE-DCE
functions, HDLC encapsulation, and serial interface
troubleshooting.
 Describe PPP concepts including PPP layered architecture, PPP
frame structure, PPP session establishment, multiprotocol
encapsulation support, link control protocol (LCP), network control
protocol (NCP), and Internet Protocol Control Protocol (IPCP).
 Configure PPP on a serial interface including enabling PPP
encapsulation, verifying the PPP connection and troubleshooting
encapsulation problems.
 Configure PPP authentication including explaining PAP and
CHAP authentication protocols, configuring PPP authentication
using PAP and CHAP, and troubleshooting PPP authentication
problems.

CCNA Exploration 4 – Chapter 2 Cantho University Network Training Center 2

 Serial Point-to-Point Links

Point-to-Point Protocol (PPP)

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 HDLC encasulation
 High-level data link control (HDLC) uses one of 3 frame
types to encapsulate data

CCNA Exploration 4 – Chapter 2 Cantho University Network Training Center 4

 HDLC encasulation
 Standard and Cisco HDLC frame format

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 HDLC encasulation
 HDLC frame type

CCNA Exploration 4 – Chapter 2 Cantho University Network Training Center 6

 Configuring HDLC encapsulation
 Cisco HDLC is the default encapsulation method used
by Cisco devices on synchronous serial lines.

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 Troubleshoot the serial line
 Command displays information specific to serial
interfaces

55 possible
possible problem
problem states
states in
in the
the interface
interface status
status line:
line:
•• Serial
Serial xx is
is down,
down, line
line protocol
protocol isis down
down
•• Serial
Serial xx is
is up,
up, line
line protocol
protocol isis down
down
•• Serial
Serial xx is
is up,
up, line
line protocol
protocol isis up
up (looped)
(looped)
•• Serial
Serial xx is
is up,
up, line
line protocol
protocol isis down
down (disabled)
(disabled)
•• Serial
Serial xx is
is administratively
administratively down,
down, line
line protocol
protocol is
is down
down

CCNA Exploration 4 – Chapter 2 Cantho University Network Training Center 8

 Troubleshoot the serial line
 The procedure to follow when troubleshooting a serial
connection

Animation in curriculum 2.1.7.1

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 PPP Concepts

Point-to-Point Protocol (PPP)

CCNA Exploration 4 – Chapter 2 Cantho University Network Training Center 10

 Point-to-Point Concepts
 What is PPP?

When
When youyou need
need to
to
connect
connect toto aa non-Cisco
non-Cisco
router,
router, you
you should
should use
use
PPP
PPP encapsulation
encapsulation

PPP
PPP encapsulates
encapsulates data data
frames
frames for
for transmission
transmission over
over
Layer
Layer 22 physical
physical links
links

3 main components of PPP

CCNA Exploration 4 – Chapter 2 Cantho University Network Training Center 11
 PPP Layered Architechture
 Physical layer

PPP
PPP operates
operates across
across
any
any DTE/DCE
DTE/DCE interface
interface
(RS-232-C,
(RS-232-C, RS-422,
RS-422,
RS-423,
RS-423, or
or V.35)
V.35)

CCNA Exploration 4 – Chapter 2 Cantho University Network Training Center 12

 PPP Layered Architechture
 LCP layer

LCP
LCP layer
layer has
has aa role
role in
in
establishing,
establishing,
configuring,
configuring, and
and testing
testing
the
the data-link
data-link connection
connection

CCNA Exploration 4 – Chapter 2 Cantho University Network Training Center 13

 PPP Layered Architechture
 NCP layer

For
For every
every network
network layer
layer
protocol
protocol used,
used, PPP
PPP
uses
uses aa separate
separate NCP
NCP

CCNA Exploration 4 – Chapter 2 Cantho University Network Training Center 14

 PPP frame structure
 PPP Frame fields

01111110
01111110

11111111
11111111 Max
Max 1500
1500
bytes
bytes
00000011
00000011

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 Establishing a PPP session
 The 3 phases of establishing a PPP session

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 Establishing the link with LCP
 Establishing the link

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 Establishing the link with LCP
 PPP Configuration options

Stacker or Predictor

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 NCP explained
 NCP Process

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 Configuring PPP

Point-to-Point Protocol (PPP)

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 Configure PPP on a Serial Interface
 PPP configuration options

LCP
LCP options:
options:
•• Authentication
Authentication
•• Compression
Compression
•• Error
Error detection
detection
•• Multilink
Multilink
•• PPP
PPP Callback
Callback

CCNA Exploration 4 – Chapter 2 Cantho University Network Training Center 21

 Configure PPP on a Serial Interface
 PPP Configuration commands

Router#
Router# configure
configure terminal
terminal
Router(config)#
Router(config)# interface
interface serial
serial 0/0
0/0
Router(config-if)#
Router(config-if)# encapsulation
encapsulation ppp
ppp
Router(config-if)#
Router(config-if)# compress
compress [predictor
[predictor ||
stac]
stac]
Router(config-if)#
Router(config-if)# ppp
ppp quality
quality 80
80
Router(config-if)#
Router(config-if)# ppp
ppp multilink
multilink

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 Configure PPP on a Serial Interface
 Verifying a serial PPP Encapsulation Configuration

CCNA Exploration 4 – Chapter 2 Cantho University Network Training Center 23

 Configure PPP on a Serial Interface
 Troubleshooting the Serial Encapsulation Configuration

Detail in curriculum 2.3.4.2

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 Configuring PPP with
Authentication

Point-to-Point Protocol (PPP)

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 Configuring PPP with Authentication
 Differentiate between PAP and CHAP

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 Configuring PPP with Authentication
 Password Authentication Protocol (PAP)

Router
Router R1
R1 connects
connects to
to Router
Router R3
R3

CCNA Exploration 4 – Chapter 2 Cantho University Network Training Center 27

 Configuring PPP with Authentication
 Challenge Handshake Authentication Protocol (CHAP)

Router
Router R1
R1 connects
connects to
to Router
Router R3
R3

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 Configuring PPP with Authentication
 The PPP authentication command

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 Configuring PPP with Authentication
 PAP authentication configuration

PAP
PAP Bi-directional
Bi-directional Authentication
Authentication

CCNA Exploration 4 – Chapter 2 Cantho University Network Training Center 30

 Configuring PPP with Authentication
 PAP authentication configuration
Server
S0
Server(config)# username abc password 12345
Server(config)# interface serial 0
Server(config-if)# encapsulation ppp
Server(config-if)# ppp authentication pap
Server(config-if)# ppp pap sent-username abc
password 12345
CCNA Exploration 4 – Chapter 2 Cantho University Network Training Center
Client
S1
Client(config)# username abc password 12345
Client(config)# interface serial 1
Client(config-if)# encapsulation ppp
Client(config-if)# ppp authentication pap
Client(config-if)# ppp pap sent-username abc
password 12345
31
 Configuring PPP with Authentication
 CHAP authentication configuration

CHAP
CHAP Authentication
Authentication

CCNA Exploration 4 – Chapter 2 Cantho University Network Training Center 32

 Configuring PPP with Authentication
 Troubleshoot a PPP configuration with authentication

Code:
Code:
11 == Challenge
Challenge
22 == Response
Response
33 == Success
Success
44 == Failure
Failure

CCNA Exploration 4 – Chapter 2 Cantho University Network Training Center 33

 Summary

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CCNA Exploration 4 – Chapter 2 Cantho University Network Training Center 35