Basic Electronics

Department of Electrical Engineering,

www.ee.ntou.edu.tw
National Taiwan Ocean University

3/7/2013

Richard Kuo
Assistant Professor
Outline
Department of Electrical Engineering, www.ee.ntou.edu.tw
National Taiwan Ocean University

► Fundamental Laws
► Tool/Equipment
► Basic Components
 Resistor
 Light Emitting Diode (LED)
 Oscillator
 Transistor
 Operational Amplifier (OP Amp)
 Ultrasound Sensor Circuit
Fundamental Laws
Department of Electrical Engineering, www.ee.ntou.edu.tw
National Taiwan Ocean University
► Ohm’s Law :
Current = Voltage / Resistance

► Kirchhoff’s Voltage Law (KVL)

total voltage around a closed loop must be zero
V4 = V1 + V2 + V3

 Kirchhoff’s Current Law (KCL)

total current or charge entering a junction or
node is exactly equal to the charge leaving
the node
Tool/Equipment
Department of Electrical Engineering, www.ee.ntou.edu.tw
National Taiwan Ocean University

► Power Supply : adjustable outputs at 5V, 9V, 12V, …

► Soldering Iron : to solder components and wiring them on PCB
► Multimeter : to measure voltage, current, resistance
► Oscilloscope : to measure waveform & frequency

Power Supply Soldering IRON Multimeter Oscilloscope

 Resistor
Department of Electrical Engineering, www.ee.ntou.edu.tw
National Taiwan Ocean University

 Serial
V = I * R1 + I * R2 + I * R3

R = R1 + R2 + R3

 Parallel
V = I1 * R1 = I2 * R2 = I3 * R3

1/R = 1/R1 + 1/R2 + 1/R3

EX1. Practice using multimeter to measure resistor, voltage, current

LED (Light Emitting Diode)
Department of Electrical Engineering, www.ee.ntou.edu.tw
National Taiwan Ocean University

Power Up
Display

I = V / R = (9V – 1.8V) / 470 ohm = 15mA

Typically, a LED forward voltage is about 1.8~3.3 volts;
it varies by the color of the LED. A red LED typically drops 1.8 volts,
but voltage drop normally rises as the light frequency increases,
so a blue LED may drop around 3.3 volts.

EX2. Practice soldering circuit & multimeter measuring

Crystal Oscillator Circuit
Department of Electrical Engineering, www.ee.ntou.edu.tw
National Taiwan Ocean University

Clock
Source

C1 & C2 = 10~30pf
Crystal Oscillator Circuit
Department of Electrical Engineering, www.ee.ntou.edu.tw
National Taiwan Ocean University
Oscillator using 74HC04
Department of Electrical Engineering, www.ee.ntou.edu.tw
National Taiwan Ocean University
7404 Oscillating Circuit
Department of Electrical Engineering, www.ee.ntou.edu.tw
National Taiwan Ocean University

Waveform
Generator

1KHz

Ex3. Practice circuit on bread board & measure output waveform

74HCT04 Oscillating Circuit
Department of Electrical Engineering, www.ee.ntou.edu.tw
National Taiwan Ocean University

Ex4. Practice circuit on bread board & measure output waveform

Transistor
Department of Electrical Engineering, www.ee.ntou.edu.tw
National Taiwan Ocean University

Reference:
http://score.ptivs.ptc.edu.tw/chenjy/ELECTRN/electrn4.htm
http://140.120.11.1/semicond/handout/chap5.pdf
 Speaker Driving Circuit
Department of Electrical Engineering, www.ee.ntou.edu.tw
National Taiwan Ocean University

Transistor can amplify signal

Input : signal to B
Output : load on C or E (current from E to C)
Audio Generator output to Speaker
Department of Electrical Engineering, www.ee.ntou.edu.tw
National Taiwan Ocean University

+5V

1KHz

Gnd

Ex5. Practice circuit on bread board

 。

Ultrasound Sensor Ranger Principle

Department of Electrical Engineering, www.ee.ntou.edu.tw
National Taiwan Ocean University

Ultrasound Sensor Ranging the distance by measuring the time from transmitting 40KHz
wave to received 40KHz wave,

Ultrasound Speed : V = 331.4 + 0.607 * T

T : temperature
C0 : speed at absolute zero degree

Distance

t: travel time
from sound wave transmitted to the reflection received
Ultrasound Sensor – transmitter circuit
Department of Electrical Engineering, www.ee.ntou.edu.tw
National Taiwan Ocean University

MCU

MCU to generate 40KHz square wave, and

74HC04 to amplify signal for ultrasound transducer to transmit

Ex6. Practice soldering circuit & Oscilloscope to measure frequency, waveform

Ultrasound Sensor – receiver circuit
Department of Electrical Engineering, www.ee.ntou.edu.tw
National Taiwan Ocean University

Ex7. Practice soldering circuit & Oscilloscope to measure output waveform

General Disclaimer
Department of Electrical Engineering, www.ee.ntou.edu.tw
National Taiwan Ocean University
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Department of Electrical Engineering, www.ee.ntou.edu.tw
National Taiwan Ocean University
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Analog to Digital Conversion (ADC)
Department of Electrical Engineering, www.ee.ntou.edu.tw
National Taiwan Ocean University
NUC140 : 8-channel 12-bit 800KSPS ADC
智能電表 (smart meter) 採用 16/24-bit ADC
電子秤採用 16/24-bit ADC
Audio : 96KHz, 24-bit Stereo ADC
Direct-Conversion ADC
Department of Electrical Engineering, www.ee.ntou.edu.tw
National Taiwan Ocean University
Digital to Analog Converter (DAC)
Department of Electrical Engineering, www.ee.ntou.edu.tw
National Taiwan Ocean University

► Binary-Weighted Resistor DAC

► ΔΣ DAC (Sigma-Delta DAC)

► R-2R Ladder DAC

Vout =   - (Vmsb + Vn + Vlsb) = - (Vref + Vref/2 + Vref/ 4)