Sunteți pe pagina 1din 64

English 2:

Week 6
Auxiliary Verbs
Quantifiers
ISET, Spring Semester 2019
Emma Pratt and Soyoung Kwon
Read the beginning of the magazine article:

Can psychics really see the future? Jane Dickson


investigates.
I am almost the only person I know who has never been to a
psychic.
Everyone I asked had a story about how key events in their lives
had been predicted in some way. So I was really looking
forward to my first visit to a psychic...
What is a psychic? Do you believe they have special
powers, or are you skeptical?
Can psychics really see the future? Jane Dickson
investigates.
I am almost the only person I know who has never been to a
psychic.
Everyone I asked had a story about how key events in their lives
had been predicted in some way. So I was really looking
forward to my first visit to a psychic...
Listen to Part 1; Answer the questions:

1. What was Jane’s first impression of the room and of


Sally?
2. What are the first questions Sally asked her?
3. Why is Jane surprised by two things Sally mentions?

Track 7
Listen to Part 1; Answer the questions:

1. What was Jane’s first impression of the room and of


Sally?
Positive: Sally’s office was more normal than Jane expected, and
Sally looked kind and sincere.
2. What are the first questions Sally asked her?
Are you married? Do you have any children?
3. Why is Jane surprised by two things Sally mentions?
She mentions two things that don’t mean anything to Jane:
Caroline and Australia Track 7
Listen to Part 2; True or False?

1. Jane lived in Ireland when she was a child.


2. The psychic says there will be a new man in Jane’s
life.
3. Jane is above average height.
4. She thinks Jane will be attracted to him by his looks.
5. Jane thinks she knows who the man is.
Track 8
Listen to Part 2; True or False?
Jane lived in Ireland when she was a child. TRUE
The psychic says there will be a new man in Jane’s life.
FALSE
Jane is above average height. TRUE
She thinks Jane will be attracted to him by his looks.
FALSE
Jane thinks she knows who the man is. FALSE
Track 8
Listen to Part 3; Choose the correct answer
1. Sally says that, in the future, Jane _______ .
a. will have the same health problems as her mother
b. will live longer than her mother
c. should have plastic surgery
2. According to Sally, ______ is good at reading and writing.
a. neither Jane’s son nor her daughter
b. neither Jane’s ex-husband nor her daughter
c. neither Jane’s ex-husband nor her son
3. What Sally says about Jane’s children makes Jane feel _____ .
a. convinced that Sally is a genuine psychic
b. less skeptical about Sally being a psychic
c. sure that Sally is not a genuine psychic Track 9
Listen to Part 3; Choose the correct answer
1. Sally says that, in the future, Jane _______ .
a. will have the same health problems as her mother
b. will live longer than her mother
c. should have plastic surgery
2. According to Sally, ______ is good at reading and writing.
a. neither Jane’s son nor her daughter
b. neither Jane’s ex-husband nor her daughter
c. neither Jane’s ex-husband nor her son
3. What Sally says about Jane’s children makes Jane feel _____ .
a. convinced that Sally is a genuine psychic
b. less skeptical about Sally being a psychic
c. sure that Sally is not a genuine psychic Track 9
Now read about techniques psychics use. Which did
Sally use?
Tricks of the trade? These are some of the techniques used by
psychics...
The Flattering Statement:
Something psychics always do is say something that’s true of almost anyone on
the planet, preferably something positive. An all-time favourite is ‘You’re intelligent
with a great sense of humour’. Who is going to answer, ‘Well actually, I’m not. I’m
really stupid and have no sense of humour at all’?

Identifying common medical problems:


Statistics confirm that a headache is the most common female health problem and
almost 50% of men have a scar on their leg, so it’s not really surprising when a
psychic ‘sees’ these problems.
(See next slide)
Now read about techniques psychics use. Which did
Sally use?
Getting information from the client:
A psychic can deduce a lot from your age and appearance, and most of them
actually ask direct questions. It’s difficult to avoid answering if you want results,
because saying nothing is like going to the doctor and refusing to discuss your
symptoms.

Using a name:
Coming up with a few names is always impressive. The usual method is to let the
client work out who it might be. ‘Does the letter s mean anything to you?’ is a
frequent strategy.
Now read about techniques psychics use. Which did
Sally use?
She got information from Jane (“Are you married?”)
She identified a common medical problem (headaches).
Listen to Jane talking a few weeks later.

What was her final opinion about Sally’s psychic


abilities?
What has happened since she went to see Sally?

Track 10
Listen to Jane talking a few weeks later.

What was her final opinion about Sally’s psychic


abilities?
She’s good at judging people’s character, but doesn’t
have any special abilities.

What has happened since she went to see Sally?


She has met a professor who invited her to go to
Australia; two things Sally predicted.
Track 10
Look at some extracts from the listening. Choose the
correct auxiliary verb.
1. ‘Australia is very important in your life.’ -‘Is / Isn’t / Was it?’

2. ‘Yes Ireland is / does / has play a big role in my life.’

3. ‘Let’s see, your mother suffers from headaches, doesn’t /


isn’t / does she?’
-‘Yes, she is / does / has, actually.’
-‘Well, you’ll need to watch out for headaches, and so is /
does / will your mother.’
Look at some extracts from the listening. Choose the
correct auxiliary verb.
1. ‘Australia is very important in your life.’ -‘Is it?’

2. ‘Yes Ireland does play a big role in my life.’

3. ‘Let’s see, your mother suffers from headaches, doesn’t


she?’
-‘Yes, she does, actually.’
-‘Well, you’ll need to watch out for headaches, and so will
your mother.’
Which purpose was each auxiliary verb used for?

1. ‘Australia is very important in your life.’


-‘Is it? a. As a short answer
2. ‘Yes Ireland does play a big role in my b. To add emphasis
life.’
c. To check
3. ‘Let’s see, your mother suffers from
headaches, doesn’t she?’ information
4. ‘Yes, she does, actually.’ d. To show surprise
5. ‘Well, you’ll need to watch out for e. To avoid repeating
headaches, and so will your mother.’ a verb or phrase
Which purpose was each auxiliary verb used for?

1. ‘Australia is very important in your life.’


-‘Is it? d a. As a short answer
2. ‘Yes Ireland does play a big role in my b. To add emphasis
life.’ b
c. To check
3. ‘Let’s see, your mother suffers from
headaches, doesn’t she?’ c information
4. ‘Yes, she does, actually.’ a d. To show surprise
5. ‘Well, you’ll need to watch out for e. To avoid repeating
headaches, and so will your mother.’ e a verb or phrase
Auxiliary Verbs
Auxiliary Verb:

“a verb (such as have, be, ... do, shall, will, can,[may] or


must) that is used with another verb to show the verb's
tense, to form a question, etc.— called also ‘helping
verb’”

“Auxiliary Verb.” Auxiliary Verb, Merriam-Webster's


Learner's Dictionary,
www.learnersdictionary.com/definition/auxiliary%20verb.
We have seen many auxiliary verbs lately as we
reviewed verb forms.
● Students don’t generally have much money.
● How did the burglar break in without anybody
hearing him?
● The prime minister will open the debate in
parliament tomorrow.
● I am studying really hard for my exams.
● I had to go back because I’d forgotten my
passport.
● In 2020, we’ll have been living here for fifty
Outside of their role in the regular forms of a verb,
auxiliary verbs are used:
● In short answers
● To avoid repeating the main verb
● With so and neither to say that something is the
same
● To make “echo questions” to show interest
● To show emphasis in a positive sentence
● To make question tags
In short answers:

● Do you speak French? --Yes, I do.


● Can you swim? --Yes, I can.
● Will you come to the party? --No, I won’t.
To avoid repeating the main verb:

● I like cats, but my husband doesn’t like cats.


● Jim’s coming to dinner, but Anna isn’t coming to
dinner.
With so and neither to say that something is the same

● Use so to mean “also” in this structure.


● Use neither or nor to mean “also not” in this
structure.
● Both so and neither/nor show agreement
between speakers.
● To show disagreement, we use just an auxiliary
verb, as in the short answers discussed above.
So/Neither: Form

So/Neithe Auxiliary
Subject
r Verb
So/Neither: Examples

● I’m learning to ski. --So am I.


● He’d like to go to China. --So would she.
● I don’t like this music. --Neither/nor do I.
● I can’t sing very well. --Neither/nor can I.
● I’ve got no idea what they’re talking about.
--Neither have they, probably.
To make “echo questions” to show interest

● I went to a psychic yesterday. --Did you? Why?


● I’ll make the dinner. --Will you? That’s great!
To show emphasis in a positive sentence

● You didn’t lock the door! --I did lock it, I promise.
● Silvia isn’t coming. --She is coming. I’ve just
spoken to her.

With the present or past simple (which do not


require an auxiliary verb) add do/does/did before
the main verb. With other verb forms which already
require an auxiliary verb, the auxiliary verb is
stressed in this usage.
To make question tags:

● Use question tags to check information you think


is true
● Question tags sound less direct and more polite
● Use the short forms of the negatives
● For a positive sentence, use a negative tag
● For a negative sentence, use a positive tag
Questions Tags: Form

Stateme Auxiliary
Subject
nt Verb
Questions Tags: Examples

● You’re twenty, aren’t you?


● You didn’t see Tim, did you?
● You’ve lost it, haven’t you?
● We won’t lose, will we?
Take out your phones. Go to kahoot.it
Quantifiers
Quantifiers express quantity
Sometimes we use a different quantifier
for the same “amount” depending on if a
noun is countable or uncountable
Countable Nouns: Guidelines
● Generally (but not always) have a singular and plural
form.
● Take a singular or plural verb form.
● Can be replaced by a singular or plural pronoun.
● Can be measured with weights and measures or
numbers.
● Can be used with a/an.
Uncountable Nouns: Guidelines
● Cannot be pluralized.
● Take only a singular verb form.
● Can only be replaced by a singular pronoun.
● Can be measured with weights and measures or with
phrases like “a piece of”, “a cup of”, or “a bit of”.
● Cannot be used with a/an.
Remember: Use a singular verb form if
the noun is uncountable or singular. Use
a plural verb form if the noun is
countable and plural
These quantifiers can be used with either countable
or uncountable nouns:
● most ● lots of
● no ● loads of
● almost no ● enough
● hardly any ● plenty of
● all
● most
● Every is followed by a singular countable noun.
● Few, a few, and many are followed by a plural
countable noun.
● Many is normally used with negatives and questions.
Quantifiers for countable nouns:

● every
● few
● a few
● many
Quantifiers for countable nouns: Examples

● There are plants in every corner.


● They haven’t got many pictures on the walls.
● Were there many people there?
“Few” vs. “A few”

● Use “a few” to stress the positive (some).


● Use “few” to stress the negative (not many).

● I’ve got a few books on the history of science.


● Few children like the long journey to school.
Quantifiers for uncountable nouns:

● much
● a little
● little
Quantifiers for uncountable nouns: Examples

● There isn’t much milk left, is there?


● How much help will he need?
● I think I’ve made a little progress.
● They’ve little hope of finding more survivors.
“Little” vs. “A little”

● Use “a little” to stress the positive (some).


● Use “little” to stress the negative (not much).

● I think I’ve made a little progress.


● They’ve little hope of finding more survivors.
Some and Any: Use
Some Any
● Is generally used in ● Is usually used in
positive statements. negatives and questions.
● Can be used in ● Can also be used in
questions, particularly positive statements to
requests or offers. mean “it doesn’t matter
● Means an unspecified not which”
large amount
Something/Anything Somebody/Anybody, etc. follow the same rules
Some and Any: Example Sentences

There are some shelves above the desk.

Would you like some biscuits?

It would be great to get some money to help with the rent.

Has your desk got any drawers? --My desk hasn’t got any
drawers.

Call me any time if you need help.


Quantities
Everything
Plural Countable Nouns Uncountable Nouns
Quantities
Large Quantities
Plural Countable Nouns Uncountable Nouns
Quantities
Medium Quantities
Plural Countable Nouns Uncountable Nouns
Quantities
Small Quantities
Plural Countable Nouns Uncountable Nouns
Quantities
Nothing
Plural Countable Nouns Uncountable Nouns
Quantities: Use

A few and a little are different from few and little.


Lots of/a lot of are less formal than much/many
We do not usually use lots in negative sentences.
We do not usually use much in positive sentences.
Quantities: Example Sentences
Few rooms have such good natural light.
We have a few rooms available with a sea view.
Little research has been done in this area.
A little research has been done in this area.
There are lots of advertisements for accommodation in the
newspaper.
Many scientists believe that global warming is having a
negative impact on our climate.
I found a lot of information on the internet.
When do we use “of”?
● When there is an article (a, an, the), a possessive
adjective (my, your, his, etc.) or a demonstrative adjective
(that, these, etc.) before the noun, you use a quantity
expression with “of”.
● However, you can use “all” with or without “of”.
When do we use “of”?: Examples:
● Hardly any of the paintings are originals.
● Most of our furniture is second hand.
● A lot of these colours are too bright.
● None of those cushions are very comfortable.
● All of the furniture is pine./All the furniture is pine.
● Let’s invite all of our friends/Let’s invite all our friends.
Take out your phones. Go to kahoot.it
???
Homework 6 (5 points, due May 20)
● 3-5 page essay on one of the following topics:
1. Is the Georgian economy getting better or worse?
2. What should the government do to reduce social inequality?
3. Why have some countries in the Former Soviet Union achieved
greater economic success than others?
4. Describe the verb system in a language (other than English) you
know or have studied.
5. How do life expectency and fertility rates affect a country's
economy?
6. What is the state of the digital divide in Georgia (or your home
country), and how should it be addressed?
7. Another topic of your choice, as approved by Emma.
All Essays must have:
● Introduction
● Thesis statement
● Supporting facts
● Conclusion
● Citations in APA in-text format
Schedule:
● No lectures on May 6 and 13 (back to normal May
20)
● Instead, you are required to come to a 10-minute
consultation with me about your essay (May 6, 10, 13
or 16) 1 participation point for attending, 1 for being
prepared)
● Sign-up for your meeting slot at
https://calendly.com/emma-pratt/
Sources:
“Auxiliary Verb.” Auxiliary Verb, Merriam-Webster's Learner's Dictionary,
www.learnersdictionary.com/definition/auxiliary%20verb.

Hird, Jon, and Jonathan Marks. Inside Out: Grammar Companion: Upper
Intermediate. MacMillan, 2006.

Hopkins, D. & Cullen P. (2007). Cambridge Grammar for IELTS. Cambridge University
Press.

Oxenden, Clive, and Christina Latham-Koenig. New English File: Upper-Intermediate.


Oxford University Press, 2008.

S-ar putea să vă placă și