Resource and

Development
By : KAPIL LAVANIA
FOR CLASS 10TH
RESOURCE
The sources which are used by the
human being to fulfill their basic
needs are called resource.
 Interdependent Relationship between
Nature, Technology, & Institution

 Human beings interact

with nature.
 They use technology to
transform material
available in the
environment into
resources.
 They create institutions
to accelerate their
resource development.
Classification of Resources
 Types of resources
1) On the basis of origin:-
Abiotic:-(i) Those resources are composed of non-living
things (ii)These
resources have no life

(iii)ex: rock, minerals, soil, water, etc

b)Biotic:- (i) Biotic resources are composed of living
things (ii)They
have life
(iii)ex:- human beings, natural vegetation, animals, etc.
 On the basis of
exhaustible
a) Renewable:-
i) These resources are used again an again
ii) They are Found in more amount.
iii) They are both abiotic and biotic.
iv)They renew in few years.
v)Ex: solar energy, water, plants, etc.

b) Non-renewable:-
i) Those resources which can not be used again and again.
ii) By using one time they finished.
iii) They take millions of years in their formation.
iv) They are limited in amount
v) Ex. Minerals, fossil fuels, coal, CNG, petroleum , natural gas
On the basis of ownership
a) Individual resource:-
(i) Those resources which are owned
privately by individual
(ii)Ex. Houses, plot land , etc.
b) Community resource:-
(i) Those resources which
accessible to all the members of the community

(ii)Ex. parks , ponds,

Temple etc.
c) National resources.:
(i) All the resources of a country which are
found in the country are known by the
country
(ii)Ex:- road, railway, forest, oceanic area
up to 12 nautical mile from the coast of
that country ,wildlife , etc.
d) International resource:-
(i) Those resources which are known and
regulated by international organization.

(ii)Resources of the open oceanic

beyond the exclusive economic zone
belong to 12 nautical miles in coastal and
no individual country can utilize them
without the concern of the international
 On the basis of status of
development
Potential resources:-
(i) Resources which are found in a region,
but have not been utilized
(ii)Ex. Rajasthan and Gujarat have many
potential for the development of wind and
solar energy but so for this had not been
develop properly
b) Developed resources:-
(i)These are survey
(ii)The quantity and quality have been
determine for utilization
c) Stock and reserves resources
Stock :-
(i)The
material which are available in the environment
but human do not have technology to develop
them or use them are known as stock.

(ii)Ex: water is the compound of two

inflammable gases hydrogen and oxygen which
can use as a source of energy in a big city in a
big way but we do not have a perfect technology
to use them fuse energy purpose hence these
gases are termed as a stock.
(b)Reserved:-
(i)Reserved are the substitute of stock we can
develop them with the help of extreme
technology but we do not use them at present
on have kept them for the future generation.
 The factor involves the
resource development in India
i) Availability of resources.
ii) Technology.
iii) Quality of human resource.
iv) Historical experience of people.
Question:-
Write the types of resources & explain it with
example?
Write the inter relation between nature,
technology & institution?
State the factor responsible for resources
development in India?
 The four components of
resources planning in India
I) Preparation and inventory of
resources:- it include surveying , mapping
and finding quality and quantity measurement.
II) Involving a planning structure: - it
includes setting up institution well equipped for
implementing resource development plans.
III) Matching the resource development plans
with overall national development plans.

IV) Achieving the goal of resource planning

through five year plan.
Soil & formation of soil
Soil is the most important resources. The upper
layer of earth crust which is made up of organic
and inorganic compound is known as soil.
Factor of soil formation
(i)Relief:- Slope of the land determines the
thickness of soil.
(ii)Parent material:-Due to weathering and
gathering of rock broken in small particles.
(iii)Climate:- Climate is a most important factor
of soil formation. It decide the colour of the soil
and effect on natural vegetation, parent
material etc.
(iv)Natural vegetation:- It increase the humus in
soil
 Soil erosion & causes of
soil erosion
Removal of top layer of earth crust soil by
running water and by wind etc. is called
soil erosion.
Cause of soil erosion
i) Overgrazing of animals.
ii) By running water.
iii) By wind.
iv) Deforestation.
v) By human activities(like mining).
 The methods to stop soil erosion
I) Terrace farming in hilly area.
II) Stop deforestation.,
III) Stop overgrazing of animals
IV) By making dams.
V) To grow more and more plant

Question
What is soil? What are the factor
responsible for soil formation?
What is the soil erosion and what are
the causes of soil erosion ? Write the
methods to stop soil erosion.
The types of soil erosion.
I) Sheet erosion: - Through water.
Definition :- The top layer soil is washed away on slope
land.
II) Gully erosion: - Through running water
Definition :- Due to running water make cuts in clayey
soil and make deep channels.
E.g.:- In Chambal basin such land are called ravine
III) Wind erosion:- Through wind.
Definition :- Wind blow lose soil off flat or slopping land.

Question.
Describe the types of soil erosion.
Land or soil degradation &
The causes of soil degradation
Land or soil degradation :-Losing the
fertility of upper layer of earth crust soil is
called soil degradation.
Causes of soil or land degradation :-
I) Deforestation.
II) Overgrazing of animals
III) Over Irrigation.
IV) Unscientific method of Mining.
V) Industrial waste of water dumps on land
Land under important relief
feature
Mountains:-
30% of land.
Perennial river, forest,
wild life etc.
Plains:-
43% of land
Facilities of agriculture,
industries, transport &
human being living
Plateaus:-
Store house of mineral
Dense forest , waste, land
& river valleys are found.
Land use pattern in India (2014-
15)
Net sown area:-
45.5% (agriculture land)
Forest:-
23.3% covered area
Culturable waste land:-
The land uncultivated
more than 5 year(4.0%)
Fallow land:-
The land uncultivated
less than one
agriculture to five
agriculture year(3.6%)
The methods to stop land
degradation.
i) Afforestation.
ii) Stop overgrazing of animals.
iii) Terrace farming.
iv) Growing trees at the bank of rivers.
v) Stop
deforestation.
vi) Use scientific method of
mining.
vii) Stop over use of chemical fertilizer
vii) Control over irrigation

Question
What is land or soil degradation ? What are the causes
of it and write the method to stop land degradation?
Soil conservation & The steps
taken to conserve soil
Soil conservation:- To maintain the fertility of soil and prevent
from soil erosion activities are called soil conservation.
Methods to conserve soil are:
I) Afforestation.
ii) Stop overgrazing of animals.
iii) Terrace farming.
iv) Growing trees at the bank of rivers.
v) Stop deforestation.
vi) use scientific method of mining.
vii) Stop over use of chemicals fertilizer.
vii) Control over irrigation.

Question
What is soil conservation ? What are the steps taken to
conserve soil?
 
Types of Soil:
I) Alluvial soil:-
a) It is originated by rivers deposition.
b) It is the most fertile soil of the world.
c) It is found in most part of
India.
d) There is a lack of nitrogen and biotic matter.
e) It is useful for cultivation of sugarcane, rice, wheat etc as
it contains potash , phosphoric acid and lime.

f) It is of two types
(i)Khaddar (ii) Bangar.
g) It is found in eastern part, Gujarat, Rajasthan, UP, Punjab
etc.
h) 75% of food grains are grown in India.
i) This soil area have high density population.
Black soil:
A)
 It is originated by volcanoes
lava
B) It is useful for cotton,

sugarcane, onion etc.
C) It is black in color.

D) There is a lot of calcium

carbonate, magnesium, potash
and lime.
E) There is lack of nitrogen,

phosphorus etc.
F) It is also called regur soil.

G) It is found in Deccan plateau,

north east part, of Maharashtra,
Madhya Pradesh and Gujarat etc.
H) This soil hold water for long

time but due to lack of water this
soil get crack.
Red and yellow soil:-
a) These soils develop on igneous
and metamorphic rocks.
b) There is a lack of biotic matter.
c) It is less fertile soil.
d) By organic manure there fertility
can be increased.
e) It is useful for rice, maize, and tobacco, pluses
cultivation.
f) It is found in Tamilnadu, Karnataka, Andhra
Pradesh, and Orissa etc.
g) Color is red due to wide diffusion rather than high
percentage of iron content
h) It looks yellow when it occurs in a hydride form
Laterite Soil:-
a) They are formed by
intense leaching process
b) This soil develops in high
temperature and heavy rainfall area.
c) There is lack of nitrogen, lime,
phosphorus and humus.
d) They are suitable for growing coffee, tea
and cashew nuts etc
e) It is found in Karnataka, Kerala, Tamil
Nadu, and some part of Orissa and Assam
etc.
Arid & semi-arid soil
(desert soil):-
a) This soil may be fertile if
sufficient amount of water
get in this area.
b) This soil formed sandy due to lack of
water.
c) There is a lack of humus and moisture.
d) It is found in western Rajasthan and
south part of Haryana and Punjab.
e) In this soil can be growing bajara wheat
peanuts and mustard etc.
Forest or natural vegetation soil:

a) It is formed due to organic material from

vegetation.
b) It is very rich in humus.
c) This soil is heterogeneous in nature
d) This soil is uncompleted soil still it is under
formation process.
e) The soil is loamy and softy in valley side.
f) It is found in Himalayan regions like
Himachal Pradesh, Arunachal Pradesh,
Jammu and Kashmir, Sikkim and
Uttrakhand hills etc.