In Passenger Vehicles, we explore trends in light duty vehicles and power trains.

© 2018 Infineum International Limited. All rights reserved 1

 PASSENGERVEHICL
ES

Global
Trends

Global sales up 2.4%

on 2016

94. Volkswa
Volkswa Electr
Elect E Ne
94.
milli gengen
Grou ric
icSal Emissio
w
5
on
in Group
plead Sale
es
experienci New
ns
test
car
global
millio s
leads ngsgrowt ns
in
methods
sales global
global h
experien missio
Europe
5 sales
sales cing test
n growth methods
in in Europe
global
car
sales

Globally, passenger cars sales were up 2.4% in 2016. The world’s top automaker went to
Volkswagen with 10.7 million in sales but Toyota very close behind. Electric and plug-in-
hybrid vehicles sales are sharply up. In Europe, changes to the emissions test methods
and cycle, will have a global impact on the emissions certification process for years to
come.

© 2018 Infineum International Limited. All rights reserved 2

 PASSENGERVEHICLES

2017 Vehicle Sales – Winners by

Country/Region

US: Ford F-150 – 850,000

units Europe: VW Golf –
445,000 units Japan:
Honda N-Box – 218,000
units
Toyota Prius – 162,000 units
(down 35%)
China:
• Best-selling sedan:
VW Lavida – 512,000 units
• Best-selling SUV:
Haval H6 – 506,000 units
• Best-selling MPV:
Photo courtesy of Ford Motor
Wuling Hong Guang – Company

537,000 units
Top selling vehicles reflect the preferences of their markets. In the US, it was once again
the Ford F-150 pickup which accounts for more than 5% of all new vehicles sold. In
Europe it is the VW Golf. In Japan, the “Micro car” segment leader was the Honda N-
Box, while the Prius was the top selling car. In China, 3 vehicles came in above 500k
units, the VW Lavida compact sedan, the Haval H6 SUV, and the Wuling Hongguang
minivan.

© 2018 Infineum International Limited. All rights reserved 3

 PASSENGERVEHICLES

2017 Snapshots of the 4 Biggest

Markets

CHIN
CCH EURO
EEUU JAPA
JJAAP U.
UU
HIIN
A RROO
PE PAAN
N ..S
S.
••• Demand
••• S
Slow
Sloowwgrowth
NAAggrroowwtthh ••• D
Demand
Deemmaanndup
PPEE d uupp ••• D
Demand
Deem
Nmaanndup
d uupp S.. down
DDeemmaanndd
1.11.4%
.44%% 333.4%.4%4% 55.3%
5.3%3% dd2%oowwnn 22%%
•• 2424..7272
•• 24.72 SUVs million •••• Volkswagen
>15
>1>155 million •• >5>5..22
•• >5.2 million ••• >1>177
>17 million
Sales Toyota
m& sales
mi illioonn ssaaleess mm sales
>24
Groupillioonn ssaaleess mGroup
sales
miillioonn ssaaleess new
mmiillioonn nneeww
Crossovers >50
registrations
•S
•• >40%
Saaleess SSUUVVss
Electric •%
•• VVoolkksswwaaggeenn
Strong •%
•• TTooyyoottaa
Strong rreeggissttrraattioon
• Biggest
& & GG rroouPSA
for
growth upp GG rroouupp
sales
vehicle surge for
growth nss
gainers
C Crroossssoovveerrss >2>24%
Toyota 4%
Group, >5>50%0%
53% Nissan •• B
Subaru
Biggggeessand
tt
>4>40%0% and
•• Group •• VW
ggaainneersrs
•• EElleeccttriricc Suzuki
SSttrroonnggggrroo SSttrroonnggggrroo SSuubbaatarget
• CAFE rruu of
vveehhiiccllee wwtthh ffoorr wwtthh ffoorr a annd
55 MPGd VVWW by
ssaaleess PPSSAA NNissssaann
GGrroouupp, •• C
2025
CAAFFEE remains
ttaargrgeett
ssuurgrgee 5353%% for
ooff5now
555 MMPPGG
TTooyyoottaa
GGrroouupp bbyy 22025025
aanndd rreemmaainnss ffoorr
SSuuzzuukki nnooww
Looking at the 4 biggest markets in 2017…China saw light-vehicle sales growth slow,
after part of the tax cut on small-vehicle purchases ended. As a result, over 40% of
vehicles sold in China were Crossovers and SUVs. Also, government subsidies fueled a
boom in sales of electric and plug-in-hybrid vehicles. Europe saw sales grow for the 4th
consecutive year. Gasoline engine sales beat diesels for the first time in many years and
we expect this trend to be repeated. Despite “dieselgate”, the Volkswagen Group still
accounts for almost a ¼ of new vehicle registrations. Big winners in 2017 include: PSA
Group, Toyota Group and Suzuki, all posting double digit growth. Japan saw demand
increase in a unique market which includes 1.8 million micro-cars. Toyota remained the
largest carmaker in Japan, by a wide margin over second placed Honda. But Nissan had
the biggest gain in market share. In the US, demand peaked at just over 17 million new
registrations. VW and Subaru saw the largest gains. The CAFE target of 55 mpg by 2025
remains in place for now – stay tuned.

© 2018 Infineum International Limited. All rights reserved 4

 PASSENGERVEHICLES

China NEV Market Maintained High

Growth in 2017
Unit PHEV BEV
s NEV
900,0 reached
sales
00 in
777,000
800,0
00
2017
>53%
700,0
00 2016.
increase vs.
600,0 with
Compares
00
vehicle
overall
500,0
00 growth
sales of
400,0 3%
00
-
2020
2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 US
300,0 2017 A of 5M
target
00
with 5M
NEVs
200,0
00 new
NEV: New energy vehicles, including
100,0 charging
BEV,
00 PHEV BEV: Battery Electric
poles
Vehicles
PHEV: Plug-In Hybrid Electric Vehicles

In China, new energy vehicle sales may be small but the growth rate is powerfully strong.
China’s ambitious target is to have 5 million NEVs on the road by 2020 with a matching
number of available electric chargers. This would overcome the often-cited concerns of
range anxiety.

© 2018 Infineum International Limited. All rights reserved 5

 PASSENGERVEHICLES

Global Green Tech Trends

Internal Combustion
Engines [ICE]
• Turbo GDI
• Variable compression ratio
• Compression ignition engine

Electrification
• Hybrids
• Full electrification
• Fuel cells

Powertrains
• Hybridized transmissions
• Electric variable transmissions

OEMs across the globe are under pressure to cut fleet wide CO2 emissions. We are
seeing the emergence a number of strategies, which include both the use of alternative
technologies and significant improvements to both the internal combustion engine and,
as we shall see later, the entire powertrain.

© 2018 Infineum International Limited. All rights reserved 6

 PASSENGERVEHICLES

Two New Gasoline Engine

Innovations

Mazda SKYACTIV-X Nissan INFINITI VC-

Revs like a gasoline
engine Efficiency
like a diesel
Spark controls compression
ignition 20-30% improved
efficiency
Turbo Variable
compression ratio Max
thermal efficiency 40%
Matches diesel torque

The demise of the internal combustion engine, let’s call it an I C E, is probably overstated
as the two new innovations here illustrate. Mazda’s SKYACTIV X, expected in 2019, will
be the world's first commercial spark controlled compression ignition. It revs like a
gasoline engine but with the efficiency of a diesel. Nissans’ INFINITI VC Turbo in the
QX50 is the Industry’s first use of a variable compression ratio system. The electronics
and software continually choose an optimal compression ratio for combustion, which
historically was a key factor in the trade-off between power and efficiency in a gasoline-
fueled engine. A maximum thermal efficiency around twice the level of current gasoline
engines is reported.

© 2018 Infineum International Limited. All rights reserved 7

 PASSENGERVEHICLES

Global Green Tech Trends

Internal Combustion
Engines [ICE]
• Turbo GDI
• Variable compression ratio
• Compression ignition engine

Electrification
• Hybrids
• Full electrification
• Fuel cells

Powertrains
• Hybridized transmissions
• Electric variable transmissions

Electrification can mean different things to different people. We define the term
electrification as involving some form of battery/motor supplement to the ICE. Of
course, “all” or “fully” electric does not have an ICE. The real growth is with the hybrid
powertrain which uses both the ICE and electric motor.

© 2018 Infineum International Limited. All rights reserved 8

 PASSENGERVEHICLES

Vehicle Electrification – Diverse

Architectures
VEHICLE ELECTRIFICATION ICE MOTOR FE %
ARCHITECTURE
ENGINE

Stop/Star TRANSMISSION
Propulsi 2-4
t AXLE on artin
Micro Hybrid MOTOR/GENERATOR if
equipped

MHEV Propulsi
ICE
8-11
Mild Hybrid Assist
on

HEV Propulsi Propulsi 20-35

Full Hybrid on on
PHEV Propulsi Propulsi 50-60
Plug-In Hybrid on on
equivalen
t

EREV Propulsi 60-70

Ext. Range on
equivalen
Electric xtensi t
o
BEV none Propulsi 70-80
Battery Electric on
equivalen
t
There is currently a full spectrum of vehicle electrification designs, that vary by the
relative roles of the ICE and the electric motor in propelling the vehicle: The simplest
and most common form of electrification is with Start/Stop functionality. Next is the mild
hybrid electric where, in addition to recovering braking energy, a small electric motor
assists the slightly downsized ICE during acceleration, but does not actually propel the
vehicle by itself. Full hybrid electric designs have larger batteries and motors that can run
in parallel with a downsized ICE. They add the ability to run in electric-only mode when
the vehicle is starting and stopping. Plug-in Hybrid electric vehicles have a full hybrid
architecture, with the added ability to charge their larger batteries from the power grid
for more miles before the ICE is needed. With the Extended Range Electric Vehicle, a
larger battery and electric motor now becomes the only means of propulsion, and a
small ICE only maintains and charges the battery. All electric operation can be as high as
100 miles before the ICE kicks in. Finally, Battery Electric Vehicles are propelled only by
an electric motor with a very large plug-in battery with a typical range of 100 to 200
miles, although a larger more expensive battery is needed to reach 300 miles.

© 2018 Infineum International Limited. All rights reserved 9

 PASSENGERVEHICLES

Vehicle Electrification Projections

to 2024
Light Duty Vehicle
Electrification Installations
2% 3%
FCEV 0.03%
4%
Rollout: 13%
17%
• Stop/Stop ~50% BEV Y
installations M

ECONOMY
47%
9%
O
FULL HEV N T

COST
• Hybrids grow to ~25%

FUEL
O S
by 2024 C O
Full electric BEVs and MILD HEV E C
•increase L
FCEVs vehicle
Full Electric still <5% by 85%
47% E
2024
structure
and infra- FU
STOP/START
costs 47%
“Well-to-wheel” ICE

may curb full-

assessments
22%

enthusia
electric
2012 2018 2024
sm
Model Year
Data Source: IHS
Automotive

Most “Electrification” started with engine Stop/Start functionality. With easy

implementation, its already available in nearly 50% of today’s new vehicles. The real
growth is anticipated in mild, full, and plug-in hybrids – the green in the charts here -
which still use an ICE, but provide up to 50% fuel efficiency without compromising
driving range. Full BEV and hydrogen FCEV electrification is expected to be constrained
in the mid-term by substantial vehicle and infrastructure costs to sustain them.
Considering the amount of energy required to produce hydrogen, and that over a third
of global electricity will still be supplied by coal fired plants through 2024, well-to-wheel
assessments, often referred to as sustainability, are underway to evaluate the real
decarbonization benefits of these options.

© 2018 Infineum International Limited. All rights reserved 10

 PASSENGERVEHICLES

Vehicle Electrification – Regional

Mandates

to bancountries
Some the intend
manufacture
sale or of
ICEs
• Norway – by 2025
• France – by 2040
• UK – by 2040
• China – by TBD
CO2 legislation
can be
technology
neutral
In 2030, 80% of cars sold will still contain a
combustion engine
Data Source:
IHS

Some countries announced plans to ban sales of vehicles running on the ICE which, if
carried out, would spell the beginning of the end for it. However, some new emissions
legislation is technology neutral, which allows OEMs to decide which technologies to
apply to best meet both their environmental obligations and consumer preferences.
That said, 80% of cars sold in 2050 will still contain an ICE.

© 2018 Infineum International Limited. All rights reserved 11

 PASSENGERVEHICLES

Vehicle Electrification – OEM

Headlines
OEMs announcing OEM
variants
electric to model Electrification
lines 0% 2024 forecast 100%

Volkswagen 25% 50% 75%

• VW: will 'fully electrify General Motors
its entire model portfolio Geely/Volvo

by 2030' Daimler

• GM: will launch 20 BMW

new all- electric FCA

vehicles by 2023 Ford

Honda
• Volvo: will 'go all
electric'
Most with 2019
electric
Hyundai
PSA
launches
will still employ
variants Renault/Nissan

•an
Daimler:
ICE speeding
SAIC-GM-
Wuling
up e-mobility ICE
Suzuki
STOP/START MILD HEV FULL HEV BEV FCEV
• Except BEV and Toyota
FCEV

In 2017, several major OEMs announced their electrification plans. Volkswagen by 2030
wants to offer an electric version of each of VW group’s 300 models. General Motors by
2023 will launch at least 20 new all-electric vehicles. Volvo Cars raised eyebrows with
their press release “Volvo Cars to go all electric”. Volvo really meant that each model
would have an electrified variant from 2019. Daimler will integrate electric models into
its production and accelerate e-mobility plans. Most other OEM’s electric variants will
still use an ICE.

© 2018 Infineum International Limited. All rights reserved 12

 PASSENGERVEHICLES

Vehicle Electrification – ICE Installation

Projections
Installed Engine
202 Size
2017 actual vs. 2024

4: forecast
ICE
vs.
installations +10
2017
%
Installed ICE
sizevs. -
14
2017
%
ICEs
Hybridin
installed > 25 %
s
NO <1.0 1.0 to 1.5 to 2.0 to ≥3.0
ICE <1.5 <2.0 <3.0
ICE displacement, liters
Data Source: IHS
Automotive

With more cars being built, annual engine installations are expected to increase 10% by
2024. However, the engines are slowly being downsized. And more of them are finding
their way into mild and full hybrid applications.

© 2018 Infineum International Limited. All rights reserved 13

 PASSENGERVEHICLES

ICE Hybrid Lubrication

Challenges

Increased engine
Cooler operating
stress Increased
conditions Frequent
water levels
engine starts Longer
Increased fuel levels
engine stops Potential for higher
wear
Hybrid lubricants must
excel
deliver
lent cleanliness and wear
protection

The ICE in hybrid vehicles operates under different duty cycles. With engine off and then
repeatedly on and off, the operating temperatures are often much cooler. The lubricant
can experience more water and fuel dilution creating new challenges for the lubricant.
We expect to see SAE 0W-8s in these engines and it will be essential to confirm the
durability of the equipment under these new operating conditions.

© 2018 Infineum International Limited. All rights reserved 14

 PASSENGER VEH
ICLES

OEM Thoughts
on Lubricants for
Hybrids

Ron Romano | Service Lubricants Technical Expert, Ford

Motor Company

Kazuo Yamamori-san | Project Manager, Tribology

Material Dept.
Organic Material Engineering Div., Toyota Motor Corporation

It’s early in the cycle of the development of targeted lubricants for hybrids and
viewpoints vary on what will be needed, but let’s hear from Ron Romano of Ford and
Yamamori-san from Japan.

Ron Romano: “Ford today recommends 0W-20 for some of the hybrids that we make.
That's the only change beyond what we normally recommend for gasoline engines. And
beyond that, at this time Ford isn’t going to be recommending any other viscosity grades
or any other performance requirements for hybrids.”

Yamamori-san: “If specifications that are best suited for hybrid vehicles are established
through various discussions, we typically think they should be introduced as industry–
wide specifications.”

© 2018 Infineum International Limited. All rights reserved 15

 PASSENGERVEHICLES

North American Viscosity

Trends
For 100%
OEMs
MY2017,
recommend: 80%

• GM: 0W-20
60%
• Ford: 5W-20
• Toyota: 0W-20 40%

• Fiat Chrysler: 5W-

20%
20
• Honda: 0W-20 0%
2000 Today 2021 2026
• VW/Audi: 5W-40 forecast forecast

SAE 0W-XX SAE 5W-20 SAE 5W-30 SAE 10W-30

SAE 10W-40 SAE 20W-50 Monograde Other

In terms of viscosity grade trends, SAE 5W-20 and 0W-20 are now the most widely
recommended grades for new cars but we expect sales of 0W grades to still be in a
minority by 2027 due to back-serviceability limitations and to a lesser extent, consumer
preferences.

© 2018 Infineum International Limited. All rights reserved 16

 PASSENGERVEHICLES

North American Market

Events

MY 2018 Camry:
0W-16

0W-16 SN-RC
commercially
available

550 branded ®

products with new

dexos® 1: GEN2

2017 was a quiet year for new products, perhaps we are all waiting for the new API
specifications? All 2018 Camrys now recommend a SAE 0W-16 which made its debut as
an API SN-RC licensed product. We did see the new dexos®1: GEN2 products take hold,
the TRC site reports a total of 550 GEN2 branded products.

© 2018 Infineum International Limited. All rights reserved 17

 PASSENGERVEHICLES

2017 into 2018: Rapid Acceleration of

Activities

After the longest period

between new API PCMO
specifications, industry
activity rapidly accelerated
in 2017
towards ASTM ®
standards
Test development for
GF-6 API
ILSAC Lubricants
GF-6 Group
saw 7 new
agreed to an ILSAC
tests moving forward request
for a specification
supplement to enable LSPI
protection

Supplement is titled API SN ®

PLUS

This is by far the longest period of time between new ILSAC GF categories. 2017 was a
very busy year with 7 new tests progressing towards approval as ASTM standards. Also in
2017 the OEMs decided they could wait no longer for a new API category to include an
LSPI measurement test requirement. As a result the API SN PLUS supplement was
approved spawning 2 new API donuts. In effect, this imposes a mid-category
reformulation since to meet the LSPI requirements, we see Calcium levels decreasing
and Magnesium either introduced or its levels increasing.

© 2018 Infineum International Limited. All rights

reserved 18
 PASSENGER VEH
ICLES

Stakeholder
Views on
SN PLUS

Kevin Ferrick | Sr. Manager

EOLCS/DEF/MOM, API
Selda G u s e l | V i c e President, Global
K en t M | oPresident,
r r i s Pinnacle Oil
Royan | Lubricants
Bruce Technology,
Commercial Shell Business Manager,
Holdings, LLC Infineum UK Ltd

Let’s hear some views from API’s Kevin Ferrick, Shell’s Selda Gunsel, Pinnacle’s Kevin
Morris and Infineum’s Bruce Royan.

Kevin Ferrick: “The first licensing date for SN PLUS licensing is May 1, 2018.”

Selda Gunsel: “The penetration of the new category API SN PLUS into global markets will
depend on the penetration of the vehicles that require these oils. It is inevitable that
both API SN and SN PLUS will exist in the marketplace for some time. SN PLUS requires
some chemistry changes and it takes time for these products to penetrate the
marketplace. Eventually we believe that SN PLUS will fully replace SN in the
marketplace.”

Kevin Ferrick: “I think SN PLUS in the API Donut will help consumers find the bottled SN PLUS oils, but
consumers normally can't see labels on engine oil bulk tanks at oil change locations. API will have to ramp
up its messaging to remind consumers to ask for SN PLUS oils.”

Kent Morris: “As we make the move to SN PLUS, I think there's two things that need to
make sure take place. API's helped us with the first, that is a good Donut, that indicates
clearly SN PLUS, which they've done so by bolding that in the bottom part of the Donut.
The second I think is incumbent upon the marketer to effectively label the product so
that the user understands specifically that it's addressing the LSPI issue that SN PLUS is
targeting. Our belief is that SN and SN PLUS will not coexist in the marketplace, rather SN
PLUS will dominate, and the main reason is logistical in nature. If you look at the bulkage
distributor market, distributors don't have tankage to carry both. Second, if you look at
the retail channels, retailers don't have shelf space to carry both products.”

© 2018 Infineum International Limited. All rights reserved 19

 Bruce Royan: ”While we certainly understand the pressing need for the OEMs to protect
their equipment with a low speed pre-ignition test requirement, the disruption this has
caused is significant. It has certainly added to the cost of the final bill.”

© 2018 Infineum International Limited. All

rights reserved 19
 The timings of dexos 1 GEN 2, SN PLUS, and GF‐6 are intertwined. The FAU target for GF‐
6 is less than 2 years away, with plenty of major tasks to complete, uncertainty around
the final tests and limits, and the need to optimize formulations to meet them.

© 2018 Infineum International Limited. All rights reserved 20

 PASSENGER VEH
ICLES

A New API
Certification
Mark for 0W-16?

Ron Romano | Service Lubricants Technical Expert, Ford

Motor Company
Kevin Ferrick | Senior Manager EOLCS/DEF/MOM, API

Ron and Kevin return to explain where we are on having a second API mark for 0W-16s.

Ron Romano: “Since the beginning of development for GF-6, ILSAC has been asking for
two separate oil specifications to separate low viscosity from high viscosities in these
specifications. Those are GF-6A and GF-6B. ILSAC is still asking for this. We also feel that
separate symbols should be used for these two specifications to differentiate them
more in the marketplace, and hopefully that will allow the customer to see the
differences between these two. We're also going to try and see if we can get a little
more education to the customer for these new specifications.”

Kevin Ferrick: “API member companies have said that they would prefer to use the API
Starburst for the 0W-16 oils. We've committed to making a final decision on the request for a
second mark by this summer.”

© 2018 Infineum International Limited. All rights reserved 21

 This table is pretty much complete – the Sequence IVB will be the final test to pass
through the approval hurdles. Each of these 7 new tests consumed a massive amount of
Industry resource. This was way bigger than any previous undertaking. It would be a
shame to lose sight of the total effort made by so many because of the delays and false
starts we encountered along the way.

© 2018 Infineum International Limited. All rights reserved 22

 PASSENGER VEH
ICLES

GF-6 Timing

Ron Romano | Service Lubricants Technical Expert, Ford

Motor Company

Ron believes GF-6 is late but it is going to happen.

Ron Romano: “ILSAC doesn’t want to see any more delays in GF-6. We realize that we’re
behind from where we originally planned due to delays in test development. ILSAC will
be continuously pushing to try and get first licensings for GF-6 sometime in 2019, as
early as possible.”

© 2018 Infineum International Limited. All rights reserved 23

 The SN PLUS licensing rollout is underway. That’s one reformulation following the dexos
1 GEN 2 rollout. And then comes GF‐6 with 7 new tests and new sets of limits to meet.
As always, the challenge is to balance better and new durability requirements with
improved fuel economy.

© 2018 Infineum International Limited. All rights reserved 24

 PASSENGER VEH
ICLES

Implementing
GF-6 After SN
PLUS

Kevin Ferrick | Senior Manager

EOLCS/DEF/MOM, API Kent Morris |
President, Pinnacle Oil Holdings, LLC

This is quite a challenge for everyone to meet. Kevin and Kent sum it up very nicely.

Kevin Ferrick: “API relied on a campaign to educate consumers on CK-4 and FA-4 and
we’ll likely have to do the same with GF-6, particularly if we have to explain a new mark
for 0W-16 oils.“

Kent Morris: “If you look at the practical challenges a marketer will face for moving from
SN PLUS to GF-6, really three things come to mind. The first deals with API and product
licensing. API's done a lot to facilitate that process, but still there will be some effort
required to take care of that. The second deals with packaging, and specifically on the
labeling and the card in front. Then the third and final area will be related to marketing
collateral, ranging from websites, to product data sheets, to product catalogs, etc.

© 2018 Infineum International Limited. All rights reserved 25

 We finish Passenger Vehicles with Richard and Kevin’s thoughts on the category
development process.

Richard Dougherty: “An evergreen test development process will be needed to help keep
pace with changing engine designs. This process will also help ensure consumers with
state‐of‐the‐art vehicles have sufficient engine protection through capable, high‐quality
oils. Ultimately, we will need new funding models to make this a reality. The Lubricants
Standards Development Review Group is hard at work evaluating new processes which
could speed up and improve test development and maintenance.

Kevin Ferrick: “Test development has slowed the adoption of GF‐6 but I believe the
standard‐setting system is still capable of meeting the needs of the stakeholders. The
system today is designed to ensure all stakeholders with a material interest in an engine
oil standard have a say. We just need to speed up the conversation.”

© Infineum International Limited. All rights reserved. 26

 PASSENGERVEHICLES

Global Green Tech Trends

Internal Combustion
Engines [ICE]
• Turbo GDI
• Variable compression ratio
• Compression ignition engine

Electrification
• Hybrids
• Full electrification
• Fuel cells

Powertrains
• Hybridized transmissions
• Electric variable transmissions

Maximizing the fuel efficiency of vehicle is an integrated, holistic, powertrain optimized

approach and the next generation of transmission designs are rapidly adapting to meet
the new challenges. Let’s take a look in the PTF module.

© 2018 Infineum International Limited. All rights reserved 27

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© 2018 Infineum International Limited. All rights reserved 28