Operation and Maintenance of 11/33kV

Substation of Ashulia Summit Power Plant

Practicum Defense
by
Md. Meherab Hosen
ID: 16205018

Academic Supervisor: Md.Turiqul Islam

Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering
IUBAT – International University of Business Agriculture and Technology

26 Aprill, 2020
 Executive Summary
• I have completed my internship in Summit Power Limited recently.

• This report will cover the types of equipment used in Ashulia 11/33kV grid substation, the operating and

controlling of this equipment, transformer, disconnect or switch, relay, circuit breaker, power transformer,

instrument transformer.

• Summit Power Engineering Limited gave me an opportunity during my internship to understand the operation

of switchgear and protection devices of Ashulia 11/33kV substation as well as to work on a project.

• I was intended to understand the operation of the existing 11/33kV grid substation and work on designing

of protection scheme.

• From my academic courses I learn about these things theoretically, which I saw and learned practically in

my internship period. And these things are briefly described in this report.

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 Contents
• Objective
• Organizational Overview
• Substation
• Main components of Substation
• Main components of transformer
• Operation & protection of Substation
• Conclusion
• Limitations
• Internship Certificate

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 Objectives
• The Broad Objective of this report is mainly to understand the
operation, maintenance, switchgear equipment, and 11/33kV
substation of Ashulia Summit Power plant.

• The specific objectives of this study include:

Study on Transformer and Switchgears.
Understanding the benefits of GIS substation over AIS substation.
To operation of Ashulia 11/33kV gris substation.

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Ashulia Summit Power Limited

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 Substation
• There are different types of power generating
substations like thermal, atomic, and hydro-
electric Based on the availability of different
resources, substations are building at different
locations, but these locations may not be
closer to load centers.
• A substation is an electrical system with high-
voltage capacity and can be used to control
the apparatus, generators, electrical circuits,
etc.
• The Substations are mainly used to convert AC
(alternating current) to DC (direct current).
• Some types of substations are tiny in size with
an inbuilt transformer as well as related
switches. Other types of substations are very
huge with different types of transformers,
equipment, circuit breakers, and switches

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 Substation
According to types of switchgear protection

• Air Insulated Switchgear Substation (AIS)

• Gas Insulated Switchgear Substation (GIS)

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 Substation
• Air Insulated Switchgear Substation (AIS)
This type of substation is an open-air substation, which is the
traditional design that uses the insulation properties of ambient air
as an external insulating medium.
These substations are generally constructed in an open, non-
enclosed, non-atmospherically controlled environment and can be
built either outdoors or indoors.
They provide relatively easy access to bus and equipment for
inspection and/or repair, they can be used for all voltage levels and
they are generally cost effective and easy to expand in the future
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 Substation
• Gas Insulated Switchgear Substation (GIS)
A gas insulated substation (GIS) is a high voltage substation in which
the major structures are contained in a sealed environment with
sulfur hexafluoride gas as the insulating medium.
GIS technology originated in Japan, where there was a substantial
need to develop technology to make substations as compact as
possible.
The clearance required for phase to phase and phase to ground for all
equipment is much lower than that required in an air insulated
substation
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 Substation
• Air Insulated Switchgear • Gas Insulated Switchgear
Substation (AIS) Substation (GIS)
a) It is indoor applications. a) It is outdoor applications.
b) Air Insulated Substation b) Gas Insulated Substation
(Where insulation is made by (Where insulation is made by
air between the substation Gas/SF6 between the
equipment). substation equipment).

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 Substation
• Advantages of GIS over AIS grid substation
a) Low area requirement: 550 kV models, for example, take only fraction of the space required by
conventional – air types.
b) Environmental adaptability: GIS is suitable for installation almost anywhere: in or out of doors, even
underground; near the sea, in mountainous areas, in regions with heavy snowfall, etc.
c) High margin safety: The high voltage conductors are securely enclosed in grounded metal.
d) High reliability: The chemically inert SF6 enveloping the conductors and insulators preserves them
for years of trouble-free operation.
e) Low maintenance cost: GIS are highly reliable and maintenance free. No inspection is required
before ten years.
f) Long life: The operating life of GIS is 40 to 50 years compared to 25 to 30 years of conventional
outdoor grid station.
g) Economical: SF6 plants are more economical than conventional equipment despite the higher cost of
switchgear.

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 Substation
• Main components of substation
a) Bus bar
b) Power lines
c) Feeder
d) Circuit breaker
e) Power Transformer
f) Current Transformer
g) Potential Transformer
h) Fuses
i) Insulators
j) Relay
k) HV and LV Circuit breaker insulator
l) Lighting Aresster

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 Substation
• Bus bar
The bus bar system consists the isolator and the circuit breaker.
On the occurrence of a fault, the circuit breaker is tripped off and the faulty
section of the bus bar is easily disconnected from the circuit.
The electrical bus bar is available in rectangular, cross-sectional, round and many
other shapes.
The rectangular bus bar is mostly used in the power system. The copper and
aluminum are used for the manufacturing of the electrical bus bar. The various
types of bus bar arrangement are used in the power system.
The selection of the bus bar is depended on the different factor likes reliability,
flexibility, cost etc.
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 Substation
• The following are the electrical considerations governing the selection
of any one particular arrangement-
a) The bus bar arrangement is simple and easy in maintenance.
b) The maintenance of the system did not affect their continuity.
c) The installation of the bus bar is cheap

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Operation & Protection of Substation
• Transformer
A Transformer is devices that transfer electrical energy from one
circuit to another by electromagnetic induction.
The electrical energy is always transferred without a change in
frequency, but may involve change in magnitude of voltage and
current.
One important advantage is that when ac is used, the voltage and
current level can be increased or decreased by means of a
transformer.

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Operation & Protection of Substation
• Power Transformer
A power Transformer is used in a
substation to step-up or step-up the
voltage.
. Except at the Power Station, all the
subsequent substations use step-up
transformers to gradually reduce the
voltage of electric supply and finally
deliver it at utilization voltage.
The power transformer is generally
installed upon lengths of rails fixed on
concrete slabs having foundations 1 to
1.5m deep.

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Operation & Protection of Substation
• Advantages of Power Transformer
It is very useful in stepping up or down the voltage, thereby making
transmission of power easier and cheaper.
It is efficiency more than 99 percentage.
It is a static device except OLTC making its life long.

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Operation & Protection of Substation
• Application of Power Transformer
Step-up or step-down voltage and voltage.
Isolation device.
Impedance matching for max power transformer.

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Operation & Protection of Substation
• Instrument transformer
The lines in substations operate at high voltages and carry current of
thousands of amperes. The measuring instruments and protective
devices are designed for low voltage and currents. There are two types
of instrument transformer.
1. Current transformer (C.T)
2. Potential transformer (P.T)

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Operation & Protection of Substation
• Current transformer (C.T)
A current transformer is essentially a step-up transformer which steps
down to a known ratio.
The primary of this transformer consists of one or more turns of thick
wire connected in series with the line.
The secondary line consists of a large number of turns of fine wire
and provides for the measuring instruments and relays a current
which is a constant fraction of the current in the line.

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Operation & Protection of Substation
• Potential transformer(PT)
It is essentially used to a step down the voltage to a known ratio.
The primary of this transformer consists of a large number of turns of
fine wire connected across the line.
The secondary windings consist of a few turns and provide for
measuring instrument and relay a voltage which is a known fraction of
the line voltage.
Suppose a potential transformer rated at 11kV/33kV is connected to a
power line. If line voltage is 11kV, then voltage across the secondary
will be 33kV.
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Operation & Protection of Substation
• Insulator
The insulator serves two purposes.
They support the conductor and confined the current in the
conductors. The most commonly used material for the manufacture
of insulator porcelain.
There are several kinds of insulator and their use in the sub-station
will depend upon the service requirement

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Operation & Protection of Substation
• Lightning arrester
A lightning arrester is a device used on electrical power systems to
protect the insulation on the system from the damaging effect of
lightning.
The typical lightning arrester also known as surge arrester has a high
voltage terminal and a ground terminal.
When a lightning surge or switching surge travels down the power
system to the arrester, the current from the surge is diverted around
the protected insulation in most cases to earth.

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Operation & Protection of Substation
• Circuit Breaker
The circuit-breakers are automatic switches which can interrupt fault
currents.
The type of the circuit-breaker is usually identified according to the
medium of arc extinction.
Circuit Breakers are the switching and current interrupting devices.
Basically, a circuit breaker comprises a set of fixed and movable
contacts. The separation of current carrying contacts produces an arc.

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Operation & Protection of Substation
• The classification of C.B. based on the medium of arc extinction is as
follows:
1. Oil Circuit Breakers.
2. Air Beak circuit breaker or Miniature circuit Breaker.
3. Sulphur Hexafluoride (SF6) Circuit Breaker.
4. Vacuum Circuit Breaker.

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Operation & Protection of Substation
• Vacuum circuit breaker
A breaker which used vacuum as an extinction medium is called a
vacuum circuit breaker.
In this circuit breaker, the fixed and moving contact is enclosed in a
permanently sealed vacuum interrupter. The arc is extinct as the
contacts are separated in high vacuum.
It is mainly used for medium voltage ranging from 11kV to 33kV.
Vacuum circuit breaker has mainly medium for arc extinction as
compared to the other circuit breaker.

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Operation & Protection of Substation
• Relay
In a power system consisting of Generator, Transformer, Transmission
and distribution circuits.
It is inevitable that sooner or later some failure will be occurred
somewhere in the system.
. When a failure occurs on any part of the system it must be quickly
detected and disconnected from the system.
There are two principle reasons for it firstly if the fault is not clear
quickly. Secondly rapid disconnection of fault apparatus limits the
amount of damage to it
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Operation & Protection of Substation
•The following relays are used:
For instantaneous over current protection.
Attracted armature type, moving iron type and static relays.
For inverse time characteristics
Electromagnetic induction type, permanent moving coil type and static relays.
Directional over current protection.
Double actuating quantity induction relay with directional feature.
Static over current relays.

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Operation & Protection of Substation
• The relay circuit connections can be
     
divided into three parts.
• First part is the primary wiring of a current
transformer. Which is connected in series with the Bus bar

line to be protected.
• Second part consists of secondary winding of C.T. trip coil
and the relay operating coil.
C.B.
• The third part is tripping circuit, which may be either
ac or dc. When a short circuit occurs of on the
transmission line, the current flowing in the line C.T. Relay
increasing to an enormous value this results in a
heavy current flow through the relay coil causing the
relay to operate by closing its contacts. This in turn F
closes the trip circuit of the breaker, making the
circuit breaker open and isolating the faulty section
from the rest of the system. Fig 4.7: Basic principle of relay

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 Conclusion
I have gained new knowledge, skills and met so many new people. I got
insight into professional practice. Demand of practical work experience has no
other alternative in today’s job market.
Internship is a great opportunity to achieve this experience. The internship
was also good to find out what my strengths and weaknesses are.
The output of this internship is that, I learnt the key function of a 11/33kV
grid substation, the operation of the protection devices, relay etc.
I learnt about the difference of GIS and AIS, Benefits of GIS over AIS
substation.
I am really very thankful to my department to give such an opportunity to
learn these things practically.
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 Limitations

Some relays are very ancient and took huge spaces in the control room and
also their efficiency has decreased, sometimes they are not functioning
properly.
Some checking meters are not functioning properly.

There are still some tariff meters for the substation which are analog system.

Some protection devices like CT and PT are very ancient.

Some lighting arrestors has raised to its maximum level for protection but still
they didn’t replace those.

Data collection for designing the new bay is inadequate.

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 Recommendations
Maintenance should be as per schedule and demand wise.
Before designing any existing substation all the previous data should
be collected properly.
Some protection devices must be replaced and also should be time
and demand wide.

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Internship Certificate

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Any Question?

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Thank You

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