WHO

AM I?
 PERSONALITY
PERSONALITY
• Personality is the essence of who we are
and is the embodiment of one’s physical,
psychological, cognitive, affective and
spiritual self.
• Personality can be describe as the
collective qualities, characteristics,
disposition and values of a person which
distinguish him or her from others, and
which will affect the manners he/she
 PERSONALITY
PERSONALITY

• “Personality refers to the unique and

relatively permanent set of
behaviors, feelings, thoughts and
motives that characterize an
individual.”
 MAJOR DETERMINANTS
MAJOR DETERMINANTS OF OF
PERSONALITY
• Biological PERSONALITY
Factors
 Heredity
 Brain
 Physical Features
• Cultural Factors
• Family Factors
• Social Factors
• Situational Factors
 THEORIES
THEORIES
OF
OF
PERSONALI
PERSONALI
Psychoanalytic
Psychoanalytic
Theory
Theory of
of
Personality
Personality
Psychoanalytic
Psychoanalytic Theory
Theory of
of
Personality
Personality
A theory of personality and a
method of psychotherapy
originally formulated by
Sigmund Freud, that
emphasizes unconscious
motives and conflicts
Psychoanalytic
Psychoanalytic Theory
Theory of
of
Personality
Personality
HMMM?
Psychoanalytic
Psychoanalytic Theory
Theory of
of
Personality
Personality
Eg
Super-ego
o I
d
 Psychoanalytic
Psychoanalytic Theory Theory of
of
Personality
Personality
• The Id is the biological component of
the personality and include your I
instincts or your natural impulses d
such as using the bathroom, sex,
hunger and thirst.
• It is like the little devil sitting on that
cartoon character shoulder that is
always selfish and needy.
• It operates according to the
PLEASURE PRINCIPLE - is the idea that
all your needs should be met
immediately.
 Psychoanalytic
Psychoanalytic Theory
Theory of
of
Personality
Personality
Super-ego • The super-ego is like the little angel, it
is always concerned with what is
socially acceptable.
• It operates according to the MORAL
PRINCIPLE - is to do what society says
is right or what you believe is morally
right given the situation.
• It also represents your conscience or
your view of what is considered to be
wrong.
Psychoanalytic
Psychoanalytic Theory
Theory of
of
Personality
Personality
Ego • The ego is part of your personality that
makes your decisions.
• The ego is in the middle makes the
decision and faces the consequences.
• The ego operates according to the Reality
Principle – is the idea that the desires of
ID must be satisfied in a method that is
both socially appropriate and realistic; or
compromises between the ID and the
super ego to ultimately determine what
you do .
Psychoanalytic
Psychoanalytic Theory
Theory of
of
Personality
Personality
What should
I do tonight?

“Do an hour on Go ahead and

the treadmill and eat a bunch of
then eat unhealthy food
something and not work out
healthy.”
 Psychoanalytic
Psychoanalytic Theory
Theory of
of
Personality
Personality
EGO

Treadmill for 30
mins Eat a sandwich
and a salad
 DEFENSE
DEFENSE MECHANISMS
MECHANISMS
Freud came up with the idea of
defense mechanisms, which is when
the reality principle or ego is distorted
in order to protect itself from anxiety
or negative feelings from ID impulses.
 DEFENSE
DEFENSE MECHANISMS
MECHANISMS
• Denial
• Reaction Formation
• Projection
• Displacement
• Acting Out
• Acceptance
• Repression
• Dissociation
• Regression
 DEFENSE
DEFENSE MECHANISMS
MECHANISMS
Sally Marcus

Defense Mechanism: Denial

True Feelings: Crush on Marcus
Need to Avoid: Anxiety for Possibility
of Being Rejected
Result: “I don’t have crush on her”
 DEFENSE
DEFENSE MECHANISMS
MECHANISMS
Eeewww!
Grooss! Hi Sally

Defense Mechanism: Reaction

Formation
True Feelings: Crush on Marcus
Need to Avoid: Anxiety for Possibility
of Being Rejected
Result: “Marcus is disgusting”
 DEFENSE
DEFENSE MECHANISMS
MECHANISMS
My friend
Defense Mechanism: Projection thinks you Hi Sally
are cute.
True Feelings: Crush on Marcus
Need to Avoid: Anxiety for
Possibility of Being Rejected
Result: “My friend has a crush on
Marcus”

Ethel
 DEFENSE
DEFENSE MECHANISMS
MECHANISMS
Defense Mechanism: Steve is not
SURE!
my type!
Displacement
True Feelings: Crush on Marcus
Need to Avoid: Anxiety for Will you go
Possibility of Being Rejected to the JS
Prom with
Result: “Go to the JS Prom with me?

Steve even though I like Steve”

Steve
DEFENSE
DEFENSE MECHANISMS
MECHANISMS
Stacy, will
you go to
the JS Prom YES!
NOOOO!
with me?
DEFENSE
DEFENSE MECHANISMS
MECHANISMS
Sally, can No, why the
you answer f*** do you
the have to call
question? on me?

Defense Mechanism: Acting Out

True Feelings: Ange for being
stuck with Steve instead of
Marcus
Need to Avoid: Expressing
anger for going to the JS Prom
instead of Marcus
Result: “Getting in a verbal
DEFENSE
DEFENSE MECHANISMS
MECHANISMS
I will just
enjoy the JS
Prom with
Steve
Defense Mechanism: Acceptance
True Feelings: Anger for being stuck
with Steve instead of Marcus
Need to Avoid: Expressing anger for
going to the JS Prom instead of
Marcus
Result: “I’m going to accept that I
am going to the Prom with Steve
and try to have a good time”
 DEFENSE
DEFENSE MECHANISMS
MECHANISMS
• Repression – Being unable to recall memories
of traumatic event (sexual assaults,
witnessing a death) because they are too
emotionally painful
• Dissociation – Feeling separated from one’s
own body or identity because certain identity
triggers painful thoughts
• Regression - Going back to a previous stage in
development to avoid painful memories or
feelings
Type Theory
Type Theory
Sheldon’s
Sheldon’s Physiognomy
Physiognomy Theory
Theory
• In the 1940’s Sheldon proposed a theory
about how there are certain body type
(somatotypes) that are associated with
certain personality characteristics.
• There are three types of somatotypes;
Endomorphy, Mesomorphy, and
Ectomorphy
Sheldon’s
Sheldon’s Physiognomy
Physiognomy Theory
Theory

• Thin
• Flat chested
• Delicate Build
• Light-Muscled
Sheldon’s
Sheldon’s Physiognomy
Physiognomy Theory
Theory
Associated Personality Traits
• Self-Conscious
• Preference for Privacy
• He tends to be distrustful of
people
• He works well in closed
areas
• He reacts quickly, sleeps
poorly and prefers solitude
when his mind is troubled
• Typically, he is anxious,
Sheldon’s
Sheldon’s Physiognomy
Physiognomy Theory
Theory

• Hard, muscular body

• Rectangular Shaped
• Thick skin
• Upright posture
Sheldon’s
Sheldon’s Physiognomy
Physiognomy Theory
Theory
Associated Personality Traits
• Adventurous
• Desire for power and
dominance
• Courageous
• Assertive, bold
• Zest for physical activity
• Competitive
• Love of risk and chance
Sheldon’s
Sheldon’s Physiognomy
Physiognomy Theory
Theory

• Soft Body
• Underdeveloped muscles
• Round Shaped
• Over-developed digestive
system
Sheldon’s
Sheldon’s Physiognomy
Physiognomy Theory
Theory
Associated Personality Traits
• Love of food
• Tolerant
• Evenness of emotions
• Love of comfort
• Sociable
• Good humored
• Relaxed
• Need for Affection
The
The BIG
BIG FIVE
FIVE Personality
Personality Traits
Traits
• Openness
• Conscientiousness
• Extraversion
• Agreeableness
• Neuroticism
 The
The BIG
BIG FIVE
FIVE Personality
Personality Traits
Traits
• Openness
• This trait features characteristics such as
imagination and insight.
• High Openness • Low Openness
• Very creative • Dislikes change
• Open to trying new • Does not enjoy new
things things
• Focused on tackling new • Resists new ideas
challenges • Not very imaginative
• Happy to think about • Dislikes abstract or
abstract concepts theoretical concepts
The
The BIG
BIG FIVE
FIVE Personality
Personality Traits
Traits
• People with HIGH Openness typically tend
to do better at creative pursuits and
research.

• People with LOW Openness can

advantageous in Accounting, Police works
and sales
 The
The BIG
BIG FIVE
FIVE Personality
Personality Traits
Traits
• Conscientiousness
• High Conscientiousness • Low Conscientiousness
• Spends time preparing • Dislikes structure and
schedules
• Finishes important tasks
• Makes messes and doesn't
right away take care of things
• Pays attention to detail • Fails to return things or
• Enjoys having a set put them back where they
schedule belong
• Procrastinates important
tasks
• Fails to complete
necessary or assigned
tasks
 The
The BIG
BIG FIVE
FIVE Personality
Personality Traits
Traits
• Extraversion
• High Extraversion • Low Extraversion
• Enjoys being the center of
(Introverted)
attention • Prefers solitude
• Likes to start conversations • Feels exhausted when
• Enjoys meeting new people
having to socialize a lot
• Has a wide social circle of • Finds it difficult to start
friends and acquaintances conversations
• Finds it easy to make new • Dislikes making small talk
friends • Carefully thinks things
• Feels energized when around
through before speaking
other people • Dislikes being the center
• Say things before thinking
of attention
about them
 The
The BIG
BIG FIVE
FIVE Personality
Personality Traits
Traits
• Agreeableness
• High Agreeableness • Low Agreeableness
• Has a great deal of interest in • Takes little interest in
other people others
• Cares about others • Doesn't care about how
• Feels empathy and concern
other people feel
for other people • Has little interest in other
• Enjoys helping and
people's problems
contributing to the happiness • Insults and belittles others
of other people • Manipulates others to get
• Assists others who are in
what they want
need of help
 The
The BIG
BIG FIVE
FIVE Personality
Personality Traits
Traits
• Neuroticism
• High Neuroticism • Low Neuroticism
• Experiences a lot of stress • Emotionally stable
• Worries about many different • Deals well with stress
things • Rarely feels sad or
• Gets upset easily
depressed
• Experiences dramatic shifts • Doesn't worry much
in mood • Is very relaxed
• Feels anxious
• Struggles to bounce back
after stressful events
 Erikson’s
Erikson’sPsychosocial
PsychosocialTheory
Theory of
of
Development
Development
• Erikson’s psychosocial theory of
development considers the impact of
external factors, parents and society on
personality development from childhood
to adulthood. According to Erikson’s
theory, every person must pass through a
series of eight interrelated stages over
the entire life cycle.
 Erikson’s
Erikson’sPsychosocial
PsychosocialTheory
Theory of
of
Development
Development

INFANCY: TODDLER PRESCHO SCHOOL ADOLESC YOUNG MIDDLE- LATE

BIRTH-18 / EARLY OLER: 3 AGE ENT: 12 ADULT: 18 AGED ADULT: 55
MONTHS CHILDHO TO 5 CHILD: 6 TO 18 TO 35 ADULT: 35 OR 65 TO
OLD OD YEARS TO 12 YEARS TO 55 OR DEATH
YEARS: 18 YEARS 65
MONTHS
TO 3
YEARS
 Erikson’s
Erikson’sPsychosocial
PsychosocialTheory
Theory of
of
•
Development
Development
Basic Trust vs. Mistrust
• During the first or second year of life, the
major emphasis is on the mother and
father’s nurturing ability and care for a
child, especially in terms of visual
contact and touch. The child will develop
optimism, trust, confidence, and security
INFANCY if properly cared for and handled. If a
BIRTH-18
MONTHS OLD
child does not experience trust, he or she
may develop insecurity, worthlessness,
and general mistrust to the world.
 Erikson’s
Erikson’sPsychosocial
PsychosocialTheory
Theory of
of
Development
Development
• Autonomy vs. Shame
• The second stage occurs between 18 months and
3 years. At this point, the child has an opportunity
to build self-esteem and autonomy as he or she
learns new skills and right from wrong. The well-
cared for child is sure of himself, carrying himself
or herself with pride rather than shame. During
this time of the “terrible twos”, defiance, temper
TODDLER / tantrums, and stubbornness can also appear.
EARLY Children tend to be vulnerable during this stage,
CHILDHOOD sometimes feeling shame and low self-esteem
YEARS: 18 during an inability to learn certain skills.
MONTHS TO 3
YEARS
 Erikson’s
Erikson’sPsychosocial
PsychosocialTheory
Theory of
of
Development
Development
• Initiative vs. Guilt
• In pre-school we take initiative, try out new
things, and learn basic principles kike how
round things roll. We ask is it okay for me to
do what I do? If we are encouraged, we can
follow our interests. If we are held back or
told that what we do is sill. We can develop
guilt. We are now learning from the entire
PRESCHOOLER family.
3 TO 5 YEARS
 Erikson’s
Erikson’sPsychosocial
PsychosocialTheory Theory of
of
Development
Development
• Industry vs. Inferiority
• During this stage, often called the Latency,
we are capable of learning, creating and
accomplishing numerous new skills and
knowledge, thus developing a sense of
industry. This is also a very social stage of
development and if we experience
unresolved feelings of inadequacy and
SCHOOL AGE inferiority among our peers, we can have
CHILD: 6 TO
12 YEARS
serious problems in terms of competence and
self-esteem. As the world expands a bit, our
most significant relationship is with the
school and neighborhood.
 Erikson’s
Erikson’sPsychosocial
PsychosocialTheory Theory of
of
Development
Development
• Identity vs. Role Confusion
• Development depends on what is done to a
person. At this point, development now
depends primarily upon what a person does.
An adolescent must struggle to discover and
find his or her own identity, while negotiating
and struggling with social interactions and
“fitting in”, and developing a sense of
ADOLESCENT:
12 TO 18 morality and right from wrong.
YEARS
 Erikson’s
Erikson’sPsychosocial
PsychosocialTheory
Theory of
of
Development
Development
• Intimacy and Solidarity vs. Isolation
• At the young adult stage, people tend to seek
companionship and love. Some also begin to
“settle down” and start families, although
seems to have been pushed back farther in
recent years.
• Young adults seek deep intimacy and
satisfying relationships, but if unsuccessful,
YOUNG
ADULT: 18 isolation may occur. Significant relationships
TO 35 at this stage are with marital partners and
friends.
 Erikson’s
Erikson’sPsychosocial
PsychosocialTheory Theory of of
Development
Development
• Generativity vs. Self absorption or Stagnation
• Career and work are the most important
things at this stage, along with family. Middle
adulthood is also the time when people can
take on greater responsibilities and control.
• For this stage, working to establish stability
and Erikson’s idea of generativity –
MIDDLE-
attempting to produce something that makes
AGED a difference to society. Inactivity and
ADULT: 35
TO 55 OR meaninglessness are common fears during
65 this stage.
 Erikson’s
Erikson’sPsychosocial
PsychosocialTheory
Theory of
of
Development
Development
• Integrity vs. Despair
• Erikson believed that much of life is
preparing for the middle adulthood stage and
the last stage involves much reflection. As
older adults, some can look back with a
feeling of integrity — that is, contentment
and fulfillment, having led a meaningful life
LATE
and valuable contribution to society. Others
ADULT: 55 may have a sense of despair during this
OR 65 TO
DEATH stage, reflecting upon their experiences and
failures. They may fear death as they
struggle to find a purpose to their lives,
wondering “What was the point of life? Was it