05/12/2020

ALTERNATING CURRENT
(AC)

MEGH RAJ KAHADKA

 05/12/2020

What is ac and how it differ from

dc?

MEGH RAJ KAHADKA

 
05/12/2020

AC is sinusoidal wave i.e. sin wave or cosine

wave.

Where V is voltage at time t, V0 is peak

voltage, w is angular frequency (2πf).

For simple resistance R , Current (I) =

So for AC

MEGH RAJ KAHADKA

 05/12/2020
Average AC:

If it is sinusoidal
wave then its
average value
should be
zero?????????

So, we measure average ac for half cycle

only.

MEGH RAJ KAHADKA

 
For complete wave average ac is zero because half wave has same
05/12/2020
magnitude as another half wave. So we measure average ac for half wave.
Actually it is the dc value for which same magnitude of charge is passed
through same conductor for same time.
………..(i)
For AC
How it looks on
Substituting these values on eqn (i) we get
wave diagram?

It means that average ac is just the 63% of peak value of ac.

Y-Values
2.5
2
1.5
1
aver
0.5 age
Y-Values

0
-0.5
0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 curre
-1 nt is
-1.5
-2
abou
-2.5 t this
MEGH RAJ KAHADKA
 05/12/2020
Actually average ac value is not same as measured ac value????

Then what is the value equal to measured value?

Why we studied average value?

ROOT MEAN SQUARE (RMS) VALUE:

Why we need RMS value if we have average value?

What is difference between RMS and average value?

Steady current so that it produces same heat as that ac is passed

through it.

MEGH RAJ KAHADKA

 05/12/2020

DERIVATION OF RMS VALUE

 From Joules law of heating

For small heat produced when I ac is passed through R resistance for

small time dt is

 For complete cycle, total heat produced is

MEGH RAJ KAHADKA

   05/12/2020

  𝐼 20 𝑇

{
¿ 𝑅 𝑇 −∫ 𝑐𝑜𝑠 2 𝑤𝑡𝑑𝑡
2 0
}
Hence,   𝐼 20
𝐻= 𝑅𝑇
2

  steady current is passed through R resistor for time T then it produces

If
heat as

or,

MEGH RAJ KAHADKA

 It means that RMS value of is the
0 5 70%
/ 1 2 / 2the
0 2 0 peak value of ac which is
nearly equal to the experimental value.
From now put in mind that if any ac value is given either voltage or
current it is RMS value.

in your questions any current or voltage is given with out

aying any thing then remember it is RMS value .

Question:

Which is more dangerous 220V ac or 220V dc? Explain?

 in ac and for dc its value is 220V

MEGH RAJ KAHADKA

 05/12/2020
Our electric office provides 220V ac for household uses?
it says like that it means that they are providing 220 V RMS ac value.

2) If 220 V ac is passed through a heating element for 1 hr and

heating element has a resistance of 1000Ω then calculate the heat
energy developed on it?

3) Difference between ac and dc ?

4) Write any 4/4 advantages of ac and dc respectively?

On next class we will study ac through resistance, inductor,

capacitor?

MEGH RAJ KAHADKA

 05/12/2020

Thank You

MEGH RAJ KAHADKA