LESSON 2:

NATURE OF RESEARCH

Prepared by:
RUBEN R. DE ASIS, M.Ed- English
 RESEARCH
• is a process of executing various mental acts for discovering
and examining facts and information to prove the accuracy or
truthfulness of your claims or conclusions about the topic of your
research.
• requires you to inquire or investigate about your chosen
research topic by asking questions that will make you engage
yourself in top-level thinking strategies of interpreting,
analyzing, synthesizing, criticizing, appreciating, or creating to
enable you to discover truths about the many things you tend to
wonder about the topic of your research work. (Litchman 2013)
 CHARACTERISTICS OF RESEARCH

1. Accuracy.
2. Objectiveness.
3. Timeliness.
4. Relevance.
5. Clarity.
6. Systematic.
PURPOSES OF RESEARCH

1. To learn how to work independently

2. To learn how to work scientifically or systematically
3. To have an in-depth knowledge of something
4. To elevate your mental abilities by letting you think in higher-order thinking
strategies (HOTS) of inferring, evaluating, synthesizing, appreciating, applying,
and creating
5. To improve your reading and writing skills
6. To be familiar with the basic tools of research and the various techniques of
gathering data and of presenting research findings
7. To free yourself, to a certain extent, from the domination or strong influence
of a single textbook or of the professor’s lone viewpoint or spoon feeding
TYPES OF RESEARCH

1. Based on Application of Research Method

a. Pure research - deals with concepts, principles, or abstract
things. This type of research aims to increase your knowledge
about something.
b. Applied research - deals with application of your chosen
research to societal problems or issues, finding ways to make
positive changes in society.
TYPES OF RESEARCH

2. Based on Purpose of the Research

a. Descriptive Research – aims at defining or giving a verbal
portrayal or picture of a person, thing, event, group, situation,
etc.
b. Correlational Research – shows relationships or
connectedness of two factors, circumstances, or agents called
variables that affect the research.
TYPES OF RESEARCH

c. Explanatory Research – elaborates or explains not just the

reasons behind the relationship of two factors, but also the
ways by which such relationship exists.
d. Exploratory Research – finds out how reasonable or
possible it is to conduct a research study on a certain topic.
c. Action Research – studies an ongoing practice of a school,
organization, community, or institution for the purpose of
obtaining results that will bring improvements in the system.
TYPES OF RESEARCH

3. Based on Types of Data Needed

a. Qualitative research - requires non-numerical data, which
means that the research uses words rather than numbers to
express the results, the inquiry, or investigation about people’s
thoughts, beliefs, feelings, views, and lifestyles regarding the
object of the study.
b. Quantitative research - involves measurement of data.
Thus, it presents research findings referring to the number or
frequency of something in numerical forms (i.e., using
percentages, fractions, numbers).
TYPES OF RESEARCH

Primary data
• obtained through direct observation or contact with people,
objects, artifacts, paintings, etc.
• new and original information resulting from your sensory
experience.
Secondary data
• data that have already been written about or reported on and
are available for reading purposes.
THREE APPROACHES
1. Scientific or positive approach –
• data are expressed through numbers,
• this method is suitable for quantitative research.
2. Naturalistic approach –
• uses words to express data.
• uses qualitative data
3. Triangulation approach -
• combination of the two approaches
AGREE OR DISAGREE?

1. Your zero or poor knowledge of research means you are

not in a quality school.
2. To have a rich understanding of every aspect of your
research means to approach it in a naturalistic way.
3. You can quantify people’s worldviews.
4. Research is exactly the same as inquiry.
5. You behave like a scientist in research.