Documente Academic
Documente Profesional
Documente Cultură
D. A. Cameron
Rock and Soil Mechanics 2006
NOTE: all photos are from UC at Davis
http://cgpr.ce.vt.edu/photo_album_for_geotech/GeoPhoto.html
1. Driven Piles
MATERIALS
- wood, precast concrete, steel
SECTIONS
- octagons, solid circles, rings, H-sections
LIMITATIONS
Vibrations due to driving? Head room?
3. Other
• Driven cast in-situ piles
– driven tube pile, filled with concrete
• Continuous flight augur piles
– hollow augur string
– concrete slurry inserted through tip as
string withdrawn
• Etc, etc,etc
Reference http://www.keller-ge.co.uk/index.html
DISPLACEMENT PILE
Soil is ‘displaced’ within the adjoining
soil mass
• Displaced volume pile volume
- or capacity, Rug
R ug f s A s f b A b
Dependent upon –
SOIL TYPE
SOIL PROFILE
PILE MATERIAL
INSTALLATION
fs = max
fs = max
for the
full
fs << max
length
Base resistance,
fb, mobilized
DIVISION OF INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY, ENGINEERING AND THE ENVIRONMENT 22
Calculations
(add contributions)
f s (K s σ v o ) tan δ
Pile Type Ks
Ko
f b (σvbo ) N q
Half
pile Layer 1
= 47 5B
= 34
o = 30 Layer 2
DIVISION OF INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY, ENGINEERING AND THE ENVIRONMENT 33
Nq – typical values, driven piles
[AS2159 (1978)]
Sand Density Index,
Consistency ID Nq
(%)
LOOSE 20-40% 60
fb max = 15 MPa
fb = 9cu
− Nc = 5.14
pile parameters
- 36 mm diameter cone (60) is pushed into
the soil at 2 cm/sec
Þ 1.2 m in a minute
Sleeve
friction, fsc
Tip
resistance, qc
SANDS……………fs = 2fsc
loose sand
yc
dense sand
Depth (m)
AND B below
R(S+c/2) = Whh
R = pile resistance
S = pile set
c = temporary elastic compression
= efficiency factor
Wh = hammer weight
h = drop height
Pile head
displacement
S
Blow 1 Blow 3
c S Pile
displacement
η
k Wh e2Wp
Wh Wp
Wp = pile weight
e = coefficient of ‘restitution’
k = output efficiency of the hammer
WARNING:
Good record in sands, not so good in clays
Ram,
W1
Spring constant,
K, for cap block
Pile
cap, W2
R3
Pile
segments,
W3 to Wi Shear resistance
Ri
Base resistance
DIVISION OF INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY, ENGINEERING AND THE ENVIRONMENT 52
Blocks, springs and dashpots
t=0 t=1 t=2
ram a
a a
cap a
a
pile 1 a
pile 2
Why?
T= 100d2, or 16 days
f s K s σ' o tan
f s 0.25σ '
o
settlement
Recent fill or
Consolidating soil
Stable Soil
Group “efficiency”
Group capacity not always = (pile capacities)
RATIO of group to pile capacity = EFFICIENCY
- close spacings in loose sand are efficient
- close spacings in clay are inefficient
L
Stress
bowls
- fb= 9cu