Internet

History, Services

Lecture 6
Part One
 What Is the Internet?
 A network of networks, joining many government,
university and private computers together and
providing an infrastructure for the use of E-mail,
bulletin boards, file archives, hypertext documents,
databases and other computational resources
 The vast collection of computer networks which form
and act as a single huge network for transport of data
and messages across distances which can be
anywhere from the same office to anywhere in the
world.

Written by William F. Slater, III

1996
President of the Chicago Chapter of the Internet Society
 What is the Internet?

 The largest network of networks in the

world.
 Uses TCP/IP protocols and packet
switching .
 Runs on any communications substrate.

From Dr. Vinton Cerf,

Co-Creator of TCP/IP
 The Creation of the Internet

 The creation of the Internet solved the following

challenges:
 Basically inventing digital networking as we know it
 Survivability of an infrastructure to send / receive high-speed
electronic messages
 Reliability of computer messaging
 router workstation
server
mobile
local ISP

regional ISP

company
network
The Significance of the
Internet
 It’s the first mass medium that involves
computers and uses digitized data.
 It provides the potential for media
convergence, the unification of all media.
 It’s transforming how we communicate,
obtain information, learn, seek jobs, and
maintain professional growth.
 Businesses find it an indispensable tool for
their needs.
 Internet Services

 Several services provided by the Internet

 FTP
 Telnet
 Web
 E-Mail
 Instant messaging
 VoIP

7
 # of hosts

0
20
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140
160
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200
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Internet Hosts

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 Internet Hosts

200
1969
ARPANET was born. 4
180
nodes were inter-connected:
160
UCLA,SRI,UCSB, U. of Utah
140 Charley Kline from UCLA
120 sent 1st packet.
# of hosts

100 First RFC by Steve Crocker.

80
60
40
20
0
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Dec-70

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 Internet Hosts

200
1970
RFC maintained by Jon
180
Postel (the RFC-editor).
160
ARPANET used NCP
140 (Network Control Protocol),
120 first end-to-end protocol
# of hosts

100
80
60
40
20
0
Dec-69

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Dec-72

Dec-74

Dec-77
Dec-70

Dec-73

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 Internet Hosts

200
1971
15 nodes were connected.
180
Ray Tomlinson of BBN
160
invented email program.
140
120
# of hosts

100
80
60
40
20
0
Dec-69

Dec-71

Dec-72

Dec-74

Dec-77
Dec-70

Dec-73

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 Internet Hosts

200
1972
@ was chosen by Ray
180
Tomlinson to separate the
160
userid and hostname.
140
120 First computer-to-computer
# of hosts

100 chat program at UCLA.

80
60
40
20
0
Dec-69

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Dec-70

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 Internet Hosts

200
1973
Ethernet was invented by
180
Bob Metcalfe's (Harvard PhD
160
Thesis)
140
120
# of hosts

100
80
60
40
20
0
Dec-69

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Dec-70

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 Internet Hosts

200
1974
TCP (Transmission Control
180
Protocol) was invented by
160
Vint Cerf and Bob Kahn.
140
120
# of hosts

100
80
60
40
20
0
Dec-69

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Dec-70

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 Internet Hosts

200
1975
First mailing list was created
180
by Steve Walker.
160
140
120
# of hosts

100
80
60
40
20
0
Dec-69

Dec-71

Dec-72

Dec-74

Dec-77
Dec-70

Dec-73

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 Internet Hosts

200
1976
Queen Elizabeth II sent out
180
an email.
160
140
120
# of hosts

100
80
60
40
20
0
Dec-69

Dec-71

Dec-72

Dec-74

Dec-77
Dec-70

Dec-73

Dec-75

Dec-76

Dec-78

Dec-79
 # of hosts

0
20
40
60
80
100
120
140
160
180
200
Dec-69

Dec-70
1978

Dec-71

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Dec-73

Dec-74
Internet Hosts

TCP splited into TCP and IP.

Dec-75

Dec-76

Dec-77

Dec-78

Dec-79
 Internet Hosts

200
1979
3Com was co-founded by
180
Bob Metcalfe.
160
140
120
# of hosts

100
80
60
40
20
0
Dec-69

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Dec-72

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Dec-70

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 Internet Hosts

180000 1981
160000 BITNET (Because It’s Time
NETwork) was started.
140000
120000
# of hosts

100000
80000
60000
40000
20000
0
Dec-73

Dec-79
Dec-69

Dec-71

Dec-75

Dec-77

Dec-81

Dec-83

Dec-85

Dec-87
 Internet Hosts

180000 1982
160000 DoD used TCP/IP to inter-
connect networks. Thus, the
140000
Internet!!!
120000
# of hosts

100000
80000
60000
40000
20000
0
Dec-73

Dec-79
Dec-69

Dec-71

Dec-75

Dec-77

Dec-81

Dec-83

Dec-85

Dec-87
 Internet Hosts

180000 1983
160000 NCP → TCP/IP.
ARPANET was split into
140000
ARPANET and MILNET.
120000 BSD included TCP/IP.
# of hosts

100000
80000
60000
40000
20000
0
Dec-73

Dec-79
Dec-69

Dec-71

Dec-75

Dec-77

Dec-81

Dec-83

Dec-85

Dec-87
 Internet Hosts

180000 1984
160000 DNS (Domain Name System)
was introduced.
140000
120000 > 1000 hosts.
# of hosts

100000
80000
60000
40000
20000
0
Dec-73

Dec-79
Dec-69

Dec-71

Dec-75

Dec-77

Dec-81

Dec-83

Dec-85

Dec-87
 Internet Hosts

180000 1986
160000 NSFNET was created,
connecting 5 super-
140000
computers.
120000 IETF was formed.
# of hosts

100000 NNTP was created.

80000
60000
40000
20000
0
Dec-73

Dec-79
Dec-69

Dec-71

Dec-75

Dec-77

Dec-81

Dec-83

Dec-85

Dec-87
 Internet Hosts

180000 1987
160000 > 10,000 hosts.
140000
120000
# of hosts

100000
80000
60000
40000
20000
0
Dec-73

Dec-79
Dec-69

Dec-71

Dec-75

Dec-77

Dec-81

Dec-83

Dec-85

Dec-87
 Internet Hosts

180000 1988
160000 First Internet Worm released
by Morris.
140000
CERT (Computer Emergency
120000 Response Team) was
# of hosts

100000 formed as a result.

80000 IRC was created.
60000
40000
20000
0
Dec-73

Dec-79
Dec-69

Dec-71

Dec-75

Dec-77

Dec-81

Dec-83

Dec-85

Dec-87
 Internet Hosts

180000 1989
160000 > 100,000 hosts
140000
120000
# of hosts

100000
80000
60000
40000
20000
0
Dec-73

Dec-79
Dec-69

Dec-71

Dec-75

Dec-77

Dec-81

Dec-83

Dec-85

Dec-87
 Internet Hosts

25000000 1990
ARPANET ceased.
20000000 AOL, CompuServe provided
dial-up service.
15000000
# of hosts

10000000

5000000

0
Dec-69

Dec-81
Dec-71
Dec-73
Dec-75
Dec-77
Dec-79

Dec-83
Dec-85
Dec-87
Dec-89
Dec-91
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 Internet Hosts

25000000 1991
WWW was created by
20000000 Tim Berners-Lee from
CERN.
Linux was released by Linus
15000000
# of hosts

Torvalds.

10000000

5000000

0
Dec-69

Dec-81
Dec-71
Dec-73
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Dec-77
Dec-79

Dec-83
Dec-85
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 Internet Hosts

25000000 1992
> 1,000,000 hosts.
20000000 MBONE was created.

15000000
# of hosts

10000000

5000000

0
Dec-69

Dec-81
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Dec-75
Dec-77
Dec-79

Dec-83
Dec-85
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 Internet Hosts

25000000 1993
Network Solution, Inc was
20000000 chosen to provide domain
name registration.
www.whitehouse.gov online.
15000000
# of hosts

Mosaic was created.

10000000

5000000

0
Dec-69

Dec-81
Dec-71
Dec-73
Dec-75
Dec-77
Dec-79

Dec-83
Dec-85
Dec-87
Dec-89
Dec-91
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Dec-95
 Internet Hosts

25000000 1994
NSFNET was transformed to
20000000 commercial network.
Shopping mall.
Can order pizza online.
15000000
# of hosts

10000000

5000000

0
Dec-69

Dec-81
Dec-71
Dec-73
Dec-75
Dec-77
Dec-79

Dec-83
Dec-85
Dec-87
Dec-89
Dec-91
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Dec-95
 Internet Hosts

25000000 1995
NSFNET was reverted back
20000000 to research-only network.
Realaudio started.
15000000
Netscape IPO.
# of hosts

Win95 released.
Bob Metcalfe predicted the
10000000 Internet would collapse.

5000000

0
Dec-69

Dec-81
Dec-71
Dec-73
Dec-75
Dec-77
Dec-79

Dec-83
Dec-85
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 Internet Hosts

25000000 1996
Browser war (Netscape vs.
20000000 IE) began.
tv.com sold to CNET for
$15,000.
15000000
# of hosts

10000000

5000000

0
Dec-69

Dec-81
Dec-71
Dec-73
Dec-75
Dec-77
Dec-79

Dec-83
Dec-85
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 Internet Hosts

25000000 1997
www.whitehouse.com online.
20000000 business.com sold for
$150,000
15000000
# of hosts

10000000

5000000

0
Dec-69

Dec-81
Dec-71
Dec-73
Dec-75
Dec-77
Dec-79

Dec-83
Dec-85
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 Internet Hosts

25000000 1998
2M domain names
20000000 registered.
Compaq bought
altavista.com for $3.3M.
15000000
# of hosts

Google founded.
Jon Postel (RFC-editor) died.
10000000

5000000

0
Dec-69

Dec-81
Dec-71
Dec-73
Dec-75
Dec-77
Dec-79

Dec-83
Dec-85
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 Internet Hosts

25000000 1999
First online banking.
20000000 business.com sold for $7.5B
Napster released.
Al Gore invented the
15000000
# of hosts

Internet???

10000000

5000000

0
Dec-69

Dec-81
Dec-71
Dec-73
Dec-75
Dec-77
Dec-79

Dec-83
Dec-85
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 Internet Hosts

25000000 2000
Millennium bug.
20000000 Dotcom → dotgone.
Clinton made first webcast.
15000000
# of hosts

10000000

5000000

0
Dec-69

Dec-81
Dec-71
Dec-73
Dec-75
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Dec-79

Dec-83
Dec-85
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Dec-95
 # of hosts

10000000
15000000
20000000
25000000

5000000

0
Dec-69
Dec-71
Dec-73
2001

Dec-75
Dec-77
Dec-79
Dec-81
Wikipedia launched.
Internet Hosts

Dec-83
Dec-85
Dec-87
Dec-89
Dec-91
Dec-93
Dec-95
 # of hosts

10000000
15000000
20000000
25000000

5000000

0
Dec-69
Dec-71
Dec-73
2002

Dec-75
Dec-77
Dec-79
Dec-81
Myspace launched.
Internet Hosts

Dec-83
Dec-85
Dec-87
Dec-89
Dec-91
Dec-93
Dec-95
 # of hosts

10000000
15000000
20000000
25000000

5000000

0
Dec-69
Dec-71
Dec-73
2003

Dec-75
Dec-77
Dec-79
Dec-81
Facebook launched.
Internet Hosts

Dec-83
Dec-85
Dec-87
Dec-89
Dec-91
Dec-93
Dec-95
 # of hosts

10000000
15000000
20000000
25000000

5000000

0
Dec-69
Dec-71
Dec-73
2005

Dec-75
Dec-77
Dec-79
Dec-81
Internet Hosts

Dec-83
Vint Cerf joined Google.

Dec-85
Dec-87
Dec-89
Dec-91
Dec-93
Dec-95
 Internet Hosts

25000000 2006
> 439M hosts.
20000000 10 new computers joined the
Internet every second.
15000000
# of hosts

10000000

5000000

0
Dec-69

Dec-81
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Dec-79

Dec-83
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Dec-95
INTERNET ADMINISTRATION

The Internet, with its roots primarily in the

research domain, has evolved and gained a
broader user base with significant
commercial activity. Various groups that
coordinate Internet issues have guided this
growth and development. Appendix G gives
the addresses, e-mail addresses, and
telephone numbers for some of these groups.
Figure shows the general organization of
Internet administration.
 Topics Discussed in the Section
Internet Society (ISOC)
Internet Architecture Board (IAB)
Internet Research Task Force (IRTF)
Internet Assigned Number Authority (IANA)
Internet Corporation for Names and Numbers
(ICANN)
Network Information Center (NIC)