SLUDGE

MANAGEMENT/FOG
MANAGEMENT
BY:
JESSELITO V. BARING
 FATS, OIL AND GREASE

OILY SUBSTANCES
WITH OR WITHOUT
SOAP THAT ARE
NORMALLY
DISCARDED
THROUGH KITCHEN
SINK
 Definitions
• FOG – major component of food stuffs
• Grease – solid products (when temperature is low) of
animal and vegetable origin present in municipal waste
water and in some industrial waste water; present in the
form of free particles or coalesced with different
suspended solids
• Fats and Oils – are compounds of esters or glycerol with
fatty acids.
 SOURCES?
• Domestic (butter, lard, margarine,
vegetable fats and oils)
• Petroleum and coal tar derivatives
(kerosene, lubricant and road oils from
shops, garage and streets)
• Industries (light oils discharged from
machining industries and pharmaceutical
plants)
(oils float on water surface though can
settle out by adsorption with TSS)
 Nature and Effects
• Limited solubility
• Degradation by
microorganisms is very slow
(more stable organic
compound)
• Interfere with microbial
decomposition
• Reduce the efficiency of
biological treatment
• Cause problems in collection
networks and waste treatment
works
• Interfere biological life in
surface water
• Build up in insulated
submersible pump and can
cause motor overheat
• Odor and aesthetic nuissance
APPARENT PROBLEMS
 WHAT MAKE FATS, OIL AND
GREASE CONTROVERSIAL?
CLOG
SEWER/DRAINAGE
LINE
MAKE STP
INEFFECTIVE
GENERATE EXCESSIVE
ODOR
 CONTROL PROGRAM IMPACTS
• Local Ordinances
• Waste Segregation Policy
• Drainage Dredging Program
• Storm Water Management
Program
• State Laws and Regulations
• Philippine Sanitation Code (PD 856)
• Clean Water Act (RA 9275)
• Ecological Solid Waste Management Act (RA 9003)
• RA 6969
Do’s and Don’ts in Handling FOG
 FOG Treatment
• Physical Removal Methods
 natural flotation where the difference in density is naturally sufficient
for separation of the solid from the liquid
 aided flotation where external means are used to promote the
separation of particles that are naturally floatable.: and
 induced flotation where the density of the particle is originally higher
than that of liquid and is artificially lowered by the linking of the
particle with gas (usually air) bubbles to form particle gas' composites
with a density less than that of the liquid in which they occur.
 Other FOG Treatment Systems
• Dissolved Air Flotation (DAF)
• Vacuum Flotation System
• Electroflotation
• Chemical Treatment
• Acid or alumino ferric compounds
• Caustic soda or KOH (Saponification)
• Biological Treatment
• Bio-digesters (Enzyme kinetics)
Operational Problems with Grease
 FOG Sludge Disposal

• Anaerobic Digestion – problem in gas

production and scum layer
• Incineration – if the conditions allows
• Landfill treatment
• Recycling – pre-heated for liquifaction,
followed by screening and purification
processes; methyl ester production
Septage Collection
AEROBIC DIGESTER
ANAEROBI
C
DIGESTER
DEWATERING EQUIPMENT
FILTER PRESS
SLUDGE DRYING BED
 Restaurant
Best Practices