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Expected
Service
CUSTOMER
Customer
Gap
Perceived
Service
COMPANY External
Service
Communications
Delivery Gap 4 to Customers
Gap 3
Gap 1 Customer-Driven
Service Designs and
Standards
Gap 2
Company Perceptions
of Consumer
Expectations
Expected
service
Customer Gap
Perceived
service
Customer Gap:
– difference between customer expectations and perceptions
Provider Gap 1 (The Knowledge Gap):
– not knowing what customers expect, want, need
Provider Gap 2 (The Service Design & Standards Gap):
– not having the right service designs and standards
Provider Gap 3 (The Service Performance Gap):
– not delivering to service standards
Provider Gap 4 (The Communication Gap):
– not matching performance to promises
Customer
Customer Expectations
Gap
Provider Gap 2: Not selecting the right service designs and standards
Customer
Perceptions
Copyright © 2007 McGraw-Hill Ryerson Limited.,
Key Factors Leading to Provider
Gap 1
Customer Expectations
Company Perceptions of
Customer Expectations
Copyright © 2007 McGraw-Hill Ryerson Limited.,
Key Factors Leading to Provider Gap
2
Customer-Driven Service
Designs and Standards
Management Perceptions of
Customer Expectations
Copyright © 2007 McGraw-Hill Ryerson Limited.,
Key Factors Leading to Provider Gap
3
Customer-Driven Service
Designs and Standards
Service Delivery
Copyright © 2007 McGraw-Hill Ryerson Limited.,
Key Factors Leading to Provider Gap
4
Service Delivery
External Communications to
Customers
Copyright © 2007 McGraw-Hill Ryerson Limited.,
Gaps Model of Service Quality
Expected
Service
CUSTOMER
Customer
Gap
Perceived
Service
COMPANY Service
External
Communications
Delivery Gap 4 to Customers
Gap 3
Gap 1 Customer-Driven
Service Designs and
Standards
Gap 2
Company Perceptions
of Consumer
Expectations