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ASHRAM

P HYSICS Online Session

Heat and Temperature


Prepared by – RS Sir ( Rutvik Senjaliya)
ASHRAM Physical Quantity
P HYSICS Online Session

Day 3
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P HYSICS Online Session
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• Heat is a form of energy that gives us sensation of hotness or coldness.

• The SI unit of heat is Joule denoted by J


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• However, practical unit of heat is taken as Calorie.

• 1 calorie is defined as the amount of heat required to raise the


temperature of 1 gram of water by 1ºC.
• The relation between Calorie and Joule is given by

• 1 Calorie = 4.18 Joules


• 1 kilo Calorie = 4.18 × 103 J
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Effects of Heat
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1. Temperature rises or falls due to heat

2. Heat causes expansion

3. Heat causes change of state

4. Heat can cause fire


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Temperature rises or falls due to heat

When you heat something, or supply heat to it then its temperature rises.
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When you cool something, its temperature falls. Cooling something is the
same as taking away heat from it.
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 Temperature

• Temperature is a physical quantity which determines the degree of


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hotness or coldness of the body.

• The molecules of any object is in continuous vibrational motion, when


we give heat to any object the vibrational motion of the molecules
increases. Temperature is actually a quantitative measure of this
vibrational energy of the molecules. More temperature suggests more
vibrational energy.
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 Heat causes expansion

All substances, whether solid, liquid or gaseous, expand when they are
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heated and contract when they are cooled. However, the extent to which
they expand is different.

Heat gives the particles of a substance more energy, which enables them
to move faster and away from one another. The particles thus take more
space and increase the volume of the substance.This is called thermal
expansion.

Expansion is the greatest in gases, less in liquids, and the least in solid.
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 Examples of expansion
• You might have seen gaps in rail tracks where two sections are joined.
This is done to accommodate the expansion of metal tracks during
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summer.

• When you pour hot tea in a thick glass tumbler, it breaks. This is
because the hot liquid expands the inner surface of the glass tumbler.
The outer surface of the tumbler does not expand much, resulting in a
crack.

• When the lid of a bottle is closed tightly, you put it in warm water. The
lid expands on coming in contact with the hot water and opens easily.
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 Heat causes change of state

• When you heat a solid, it melts. And when you heat a liquid, it ultimately
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boils and changes into vapour. Conversely, when you cool a vapour, it
changes into a liquid. And when you cool a liquid, it changes into a solid.

• As we know heat causes more vibrational motion to the atoms of the


substance which result in increase of temperature but when you give excess
of heat then it is used to break the bonds between atoms and intermolecular
space will increases which results in change of state.
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What happens when you heat some ice cubes?


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Ice cubes absorbs heat
and its temperature
increases
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Ice melts to water

Water absorbs heat and


its temperature increases

Water boils to form steam

Temperature of steam
increases

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