01 - LTE Principle Fundamental ISSUE 1.01

LTE System Overview
www.huawei.com
Copyright © 2010 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.

Objectives
 Upon completion of this course, you will be able to:
 Describe LTE development and features
 Outline LTE network architecture
 Explain LTE key technologies
 Describe LTE protocol and channel
 Describe LTE deployment
Copyright © 2010 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved. Page3
Contents
1. LTE System Overview
2. LTE Key Technologies
3. LTE Protocol and Channels
4. LTE Deployment
Contents
4. LTE Deployment
Contents
1.1 LTE Development
1.2 LTE Network Architecture
1.3 LTE Operating Bands and Channel Bandwidths
3G Long Term Evolution--LTE
DL: ~141Mbps
~~150
150ms
ms UL: ~50Mbps
LTE in R8
DL: ~42Mbps
UL: ~11Mbps
~~100
100ms
ms
DL: ~14.4Mbps HSPA+ in R7/R8
UL: ~5.76Mbps
HSPA in R5/R6
~70
~70ms
ms
DL: ~384Kbps
UL: ~384Kbps
~45
~45ms
ms
DL: ~144-360Kbps 3G-WCDMA in
UL: ~144-360Kbps R99/R4 ~20ms
~20ms
GPRS/EDGE
Year 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 or later
•LTE is the next step in the evolution of 3GPP Radio Interfaces to deliver “Global
Mobile Broadband”.
Drivers for LTE
 There are at least three major key drivers for LTE mobile broadband
networks:
 Demand for higher data-rates
 increasing device capabilities, growing mobile data consumption
 New spectrum allocation

 Maintaining operator profitability while continued cost reduction and
competitiveness.
Contents
1.1 LTE Development
LTE Network Architecture
 E-UTRAN (Evolved Universal Terrestrial Radio Access Network)
LTE/SAE Network Architecture - cont.
SAE
SGSN
Gb EPS (Evolved Packet System)
Control plane
GPRS
Iu User plane
BTS BSC/PCU S3
S6d HSS PCRF
S10 S6a
S9
UMTS
MME Operator Service
NodeB RNC S4
S11 Gx
Network
S12
S1-MME
S5/8
E-UTRAN S1-U SGi
Internet
eNodeB Serving GW PDN GW
A10/A11
S2a Corporate
cdma2000 Internet
BTS
BSC PDSN
Contents
1.1 LTE Development
LTE Operating Bands
 LTE supports both FDD mode and TDD mode.
 3GPP defines many bands for LTE.
LTE Channel Bandwidths
 LTE must support the international wireless market and regional
spectrum regulations and spectrum availability. To this end the
specifications include variable channel bandwidths selectable from
1.4 to 20 MHz, with subcarrier spacing of 15 kHz.
Channel bandwidth
BWChannel [MHz] 1.4 3 5 10 15 20
Transmission
bandwidth 6 15 25 50 75 100
configuration NRB
NRB is the number of resource blocks
Contents
4. LTE Deployment
LTE Key Technologies
 OFDMA: Orthogonal frequency division multiple access

 SC-FDMA: Single carrier-frequency division multiple access
 MIMO: Multiple input multiple output
 64QAM
Multiple access technology in the downlink:
OFDM and OFDMA
 OFDMA is used as multiple access technology in downlink. OFDMA is
a variant of orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM), a
digital multi-carrier modulation scheme.
5 M H z B a n d w id th
FFT
S u b -c a rrie rs
G u a rd In te rv a ls
S y m b o ls
…
F requ ency
…
T im e
OFDM signal represented in frequency and time
Multiple access technology in the downlink:
OFDM and OFDMA (cont.)
 OFMDA incorporates elements of time division multiple access
(TDMA).
Downlink OFDM Implementation
Add
s(t) S/P  IFFT  Cyclic  P/S Tx. filter: G T( )

Prefix
Transmitter
Channel: H( )

Channel
n(t)
Receiver
Remove
r(t) P/S  FFT  Cyclic  S/P Rx. filter: G T( )

Prefix
Downlink OFDM Implementation (cont.)
Multiple access technology in the uplink: SC-
FDMA
 The high peak-to-average ratio (PAR) associated with OFDM led 3GPP
to look for a different transmission scheme for the LTE uplink.
 SC-FDMA is used in uplink as multiple access technology.
Comparison of OFDMA and SC-FDMA
Overview of MIMO
 MIMO: Multiple Input Multiple Output
Wireless
WirelessChannel
Channel
…
…
Transmitter Receiver
N M
Channel Condition Feedback
What can MIMO provide?
 Here is a example for 2*2 MIMO.
Data Stream 1
Wireless
WirelessChannel
Channel
Transmitter Receiver
Data Stream 2
Channel Condition Feedback
LTE Multiple Antenna Scheme
 In downlink LTE can use 2*2 or higher order MIMO to increase date rate.
 In uplink MU-MIMO (multi-user MIMO) can be used to double uplink
capacity.
 With MU-MIMO the uplink peak data rate of single user can not be doubled.
AMC & 64QAM
 AMC, Adaptive Modulation and Coding
 the radio-link data rate is controlled by adjusting the modulation
scheme and/or the channel coding rate
 DL/UL modulations: QPSK, 16QAM, and 64QAM
Contents
4. LTE Deployment
Contents
3. LTE Protocol Stacks and Channels
3.1 LTE Protocol Stacks
3.2 LTE Channels
3.3 LTE Radio Frame
Functional Split between E-UTRAN and EPC
eNB
Inter Cell RRM
RB Control
Connection Mobility Cont.

MME
Radio resource Radio Admission Control
management NAS Security
eNB Measurement
Configuration & Provision
Idle State Mobility
Handling
Dynamic Resource
Allocation (Scheduler)
EPS Bearer Control
RRC
PDCP
S-GW P-GW
RLC
Mobility UE IP address
MAC Anchoring allocation
S1
PHY Packet Filtering
internet
E-UTRAN EPC
Radio Interface Protocol Architecture
Radio Interface Protocol Architecture (cont.)
UE eNB MME
NAS NAS
UE eNB RRC RRC
PDCP PDCP
PDCP PDCP
RLC RLC RLC RLC
MAC MAC MAC MAC
PHY PHY PHY PHY
User-plane protocol stack Control-plane protocol stack
LTE Physical Channel
 DL
 Physical Broadcast Channel (PBCH)
 Physical Control Format Indicator Channel (PCFICH)
 Physical Downlink Control Channel (PDCCH)
 Physical Hybrid ARQ Indicator Channel (PHICH)
 Physical Downlink Shared Channel (PDSCH)
 Physical Multicast Channel (PMCH)
 UL
 Physical Uplink Control Channel (PUCCH)
 Physical Uplink Shared Channel (PUSCH)
 Physical Random Access Channel (PRACH)
LTE Transport Channel
 Physical layer transport channels offer information transfer to medium access
control (MAC) and higher layers
 DL
 Broadcast Channel (BCH)
 Downlink Shared Channel (DL-SCH)
 Paging Channel (PCH)
 Multicast Channel (MCH)
 UL
 Uplink Shared Channel (UL-SCH)
 Random Access Channel (RACH)
LTE Logical Channel
 Logical channels are offered by the MAC layer
 Control Channels: Control-plane information
 Broadcast Control Channel (BCCH)
 Paging Control Channel (PCCH)
 Dedicated Control Channel (DCCH)
 Multicast Control Channel (MCCH Dedicated Control Channel)
 Common Control Channel (CCCH)
 Traffic Channels: User-plane information
 Dedicated Traffic Channel (DTCH): transmission of all uplink and non-
MBMS downlink user data
 Multicast Traffic Channel (MTCH): transmission of MBMS services
Channel Mappings
Frame Structure
 FDD frame structure
 TDD frame structure
Resource Grid
Bandwidth Configuration
Contents
4. LTE Deployment
LTE Network Composition
LTE SAE
LTE Network Transport
eNB
FE/GE
• 100/1000Base-T, RJ45
IP • 100Base-FX/1000Base-X, RNC/BSC
MAC SM or MM Fiber, SFP-
PHY based connector FE/GE
IP/Ethernet
IP/Ethernet
 FE/GE o/e Network
Network
SAE GW
/PDN GW
Legacy eNB
2G/3G
eN BTS/Node B
FE/GE FE/GE B
 Co-transmission with legacy 2G/3G FE/GE
 Co-transmission for Multi-mode base station
eNB
eNB FE/GE
eNB
FE/GE FE/GE
 eNB Daisy-chaining with integrated IP switching
eNodeB 3900 Series
eNB
Modularization
1
RRU/RFU
2
BBU
uniNodeB
3
 Platform
 GSM/TD-SCDMA/WCDMA/CDMA/LTE Unified All-IP Base Station Architecture
 Modularization
 Using BBU plus RRU and RFU leads to a flexible configuration for Distributed and
Macro.
 Multimode
 Modularization Supports Different Modes
Smooth evolution to LTE
GSM / UMTS / HSPA(14.4M/5.76M) /
LTE (100M/50M)
HSPA+(28M/11.5M)
Same band Different band
Software upgrade GSM/HSPA(+)/LTE RRU LTE RRU

RRU
Adding LTE RRU
LTE Card
BBU
Same band Different band
Software upgrade GSM/HSPA(+)/LTE RFU LTE RFU

BBU
BBU
Adding LTE RFU LTE Card
Cabinet-based Node B
Investment protection while evolving from GSM/UMTS to LTE

 Radio units for GSM/UMTS and LTE are inter-changeable in the same frequency band
 Baseband boards in multi-mode BBU are inter-changeable between GSM/UMTS and LTE
Flexible evolution for Cabinet NodeB
U UU
+++ U UU L L L Operator issue
LTE for high speed + + + TTT
HHH New business
mobile broadband HHH E E E
ALL IP service
UMTS/HSP GSM&UMTS operator

UMTS/HSPA + LTE
A UMTS roll out will convergence
LLLLLL
rollout reduce GSM U U U G GG Reuse GSM
frequency resource TTTTTT
expansion +++SSS
for LTE EEEEEE
investment at H HHMMM
hot spot LTE for mobile
broadband
GGG GGG
SSS SSS G GG L L L LTE
MMMMMM S S S TTT
UMTS/HSPA + GSM
MMM E E E
Operator issue
New business
ALL IP service
GSM for Voice
GSM HSPA/LTE for GSM + LTE Data
update/rollout Data network
network convergence
Summary
 Standardization in the form of 3GPP Release 8
 Support for both FDD and TDD.
 Flexible spectrum allocation (1.4 ~ 20 MHz).
 IP-based flat network architecture
 Multicarrier-based radio air interface
 OFDMA and SC-FDMA
 Multi-input multi-output (MIMO)
 Adaptive modulation and coding
 DL modulations: QPSK, 16QAM, and 64QAM
 UL modulations: QPSK and 16QAM
 ARQ within RLC sublayer and Hybrid ARQ within MAC sublayer
LTE Standard Specifications
 Freely downloadable from
 http://www.3gpp.org/ftp/Specs/archive/36_series/
Thank you
www.huawei.com

01 - LTE Principle Fundamental ISSUE 1.01

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01 - LTE Principle Fundamental ISSUE 1.01

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LTE System Overview

Copyright © 2010 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.

2. LTE Key Technologies

3. LTE Protocol and Channels

2. LTE Key Technologies

3. LTE Protocol and Channels

1.2 LTE Network Architecture

1.3 LTE Operating Bands and Channel Bandwidths

 New spectrum allocation

1.2 LTE Network Architecture

1.3 LTE Operating Bands and Channel Bandwidths

1.2 LTE Network Architecture

1.3 LTE Operating Bands and Channel Bandwidths

NRB is the number of resource blocks

2. LTE Key Technologies

3. LTE Protocol and Channels

 OFDMA: Orthogonal frequency division multiple access

Channel Condition Feedback

Channel Condition Feedback

2. LTE Key Technologies

3. LTE Protocol and Channels

3.2 LTE Channels

3.3 LTE Radio Frame

Inter Cell RRM

Connection Mobility Cont.

UE eNB RRC RRC

RLC RLC RLC RLC

MAC MAC MAC MAC

PHY PHY PHY PHY

User-plane protocol stack Control-plane protocol stack

 TDD frame structure

2. LTE Key Technologies

3. LTE Protocol and Channels

Software upgrade GSM/HSPA(+)/LTE RRU LTE RRU

Same band Different band

Software upgrade GSM/HSPA(+)/LTE RFU LTE RFU

Investment protection while evolving from GSM/UMTS to LTE

UMTS/HSP GSM&UMTS operator

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